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1.
何静  叶曦雯  汤志旭  牛增元  罗忻  邹立 《色谱》2020,38(6):679-686
建立了悬浮固化-分散液液微萃取结合液相色谱-串联质谱测定纺织废水中5种痕量磷系阻燃剂的方法。通过对萃取过程中萃取剂、分散剂的种类与体积、盐浓度、溶液pH值等对萃取效率的影响因素优化,确立了最佳萃取条件。采用了密度小于水的十一烷醇(400 μL)为萃取剂,甲醇(300 μL)为分散剂,控制溶液pH值在6~9之间,NaCl添加量为2 g,萃取时间为涡旋2 min。在优化的萃取条件下,该方法在2~100 μg/L均有良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.995,除二(2,3-二溴丙基)磷酸酯(BIS)的检出限为5 μg/L外,三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯(TCEP)、三(1,3-二氯-异丙基)磷酸酯(TDCP)、三(1-氮丙啶基)氧化膦(TEPA)和三(2,3-二溴丙基)磷酸酯(TRIS)的检出限均为2 μg/L。后整理、染色和印花等实际废水样品加标试验表明,方法的平均回收率为71.6%~114.5%,RSD为2.7%~11.2%(n=6)。对11个样品进行检测,其中3个废水样品检出TCEP与TDCP化合物,含量为2.6~3.4 μg/L。本方法简单,快速,灵敏度好且环保绿色,能够对纺织废水中的5种痕量磷系阻燃剂进行准确的定性与定量检测。  相似文献   
2.
相变材料因为其优良的热性能,被广泛应用于纺织品、航空航天、交通运输、农业、国防、建材、太阳能系统和医疗设备等领域。近年来,开发应用新型相变材料已经成为研究热点。本文首先概括介绍了相变材料发展进程,着重介绍了有机相变材料,包括它的分类、性能和应用。详细介绍了有机相变材料在纺织行业的应用,以及对调温纺织品测试手段的研究和建立的相关数学模型的建立。  相似文献   
3.
The primary use of poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) fibers, commonly referred to as acrylic fibers, is in textile applications like clothing, furniture, carpets, and awnings. All commercially available PAN fibers are processed by solution spinning; however, alternative, more cost‐effective processes like melt spinning are still highly desired. Here, the melt spinning of PAN‐co‐poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) plasticized with propylene carbonate (PC) at 175°C is reported. The use of methyl acrylate (MA) as comonomer and PC as an external plasticizer renders the approach a combination of internal and external plasticization. Various mixtures of PAN and PC used in this work were examined by rheology, subjected to melt spinning, followed by discontinuous and continuous washing, respectively. The best fibers were derived from a PAN‐co‐PMA copolymer containing 8.1 mol‐% of MA having a number‐average molecular weight M n of 34 000 g/mol, spun in the presence of 22.5 wt.‐% of PC. The resulting fibers were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS), and were subjected to mechanical testing.  相似文献   
4.
A simple method for nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC)/fluorinated polyacrylate was developed by RAFT‐mediated surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization, in which the nanocomposites formed a core‐shell spherical morphology. The influence of the content of NCC‐g‐(PAA‐b‐PHFBA) (AA was acrylic acid, HFBA was hexafluorobutyl acrylate) on the properties of latex and film were systematically studied. The monomer conversion, the tensile strength, and water–oil repellency of film increased first and then decreased, the latex particle size decreased first and then decreased, when the content of NCC‐g‐(PAA‐b‐PHFBA) increased from 1 to 6 wt %. Elongation at break and thermal stability distinctly decreased when the content of NCC‐g‐(PAA‐b‐PHFBA) gradually increased. XPS showed that the fluorine‐containing groups well concentrated at the film–air interfaces during the annealing process. SEM analysis revealed that the treated fiber had a rugged surface, and the treated fabric had an excellent water repellency. In addition, this green grafting method in water offered a new perspective for the fabrication of exceptional NCC‐based nanocomposites with NCC as the core and also helped to promote the potential applicability of NCC in a range of multipurpose applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019 © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1305–1314  相似文献   
5.
气相色谱-质谱联用法同时测定纺织品中的8种多环芳烃   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
建立了同时快速测定纺织品中8种多环芳烃的气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)方法。样品经正己烷-丙酮(1∶1)超声波提取,氮吹浓缩后采用DB-17MS色谱柱程序升温分离,选择离子模式采集,外标法定量。研究了纺织品中8种多环芳烃的提取方法,并对色谱和质谱条件进行了优化。实验结果表明,多环芳烃的浓度在0.05~1.00 mg/L或0.10~1.00 mg/L范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)均大于0.995,方法检出限(LOD)为0.02~0.05 mg/kg,方法定量下限(LOQ)为0.05~0.10 mg/kg。在3个加标水平下的回收率为81.2%~106.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.5%~8.5%。该方法灵敏度高,操作简便,定量准确,适用于纺织品中8种多环芳烃的分析测定。  相似文献   
6.
为研究以印染废水为主的城镇污水处理厂锑污染来源特征,对浙江省嘉善县某污水处理厂及纳管行业进行水体锑(Sb)的采样分析,同时对印染和喷水纺织两大行业的锑污染源进行分析.研究表明,在污水处理厂纳管废水中,印染行业废水占纳管总量的55.2%,排锑量占总量的79.3%,是该污水处理厂锑污染的主要来源;在印染生产过程中,布料中锑的平均流失量为7mg·kg~(-1),平均损失率为13%,污染物锑在退浆、水洗和染色工艺段中的释放量依次为:染色退浆水洗;喷水纺织织造工艺中锑的释放量较少,布料中锑的平均流失量为2.2mg·kg~(-1),平均损失率仅为2.1%;污水处理厂进出水、印染各工段废水和织造废水中,锑主要以Sb(V)形态存在.  相似文献   
7.
A new polyamidoamine metallodendrimer modified with eight 1,8-naphthalimide units was synthesized. The Cu(II) complex has been investigated by EPR spectroscopy and it has shown that 17 copper ions have involved in the dendrimer complex. To confirm the presence of metallodendrimers on the cotton surface, scanning electron microscopy characterization has been used. In vitro antimicrobial activity of the metallodendrimer against different pathogens was investigated and compared to the dendrimer ligand free of copper ions. Both dendrimers were deposited on a cotton fabric and antibacterial activity of the treated cotton samples was investigated against model Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It has been shown that the studied dendrimers reduce bacterial growth and prevent the formation of biofilms. The metallodendrimer showed stronger antimicrobial and biofilm inhibiting abilities than those of the free of Cu(II) ions ligand.  相似文献   
8.
超高效合相色谱法快速检测纺织品中的8种荧光增白剂   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
汤娟  丁友超  曹锡忠  齐琰  钱凯 《色谱》2014,(11):1230-1235
建立了同时检测纺织品中1,2-双(5-甲基-2-苯并恶唑基)-乙烯(PF)、7-二乙氨基-4-甲基香豆素(SWN)、2,2′-(2,5-二苯基硫代)双[5-(1,1-二甲基乙基)]苯并恶唑(OB)、2-[4-[2-[4-(2-苯并恶唑基)苯基]乙烯基]苯基]-5-甲基苯并恶唑(KSN)、1,4-双(2-氰基苯乙烯基)苯(ER-Ⅰ)、1-邻氰苯乙烯基-4-对氰苯乙烯基苯(ER-Ⅱ)、2,2-(1,4-亚萘基)双(苯并恶唑)(KCB)和4,4′-双[2-(2-甲氧基苯基)亚乙基]-1,1′-联苯(FP)8种荧光增白剂的超高效合相色谱(UPC2)检测方法。样品经二甲苯提取、浓缩、定容后,由UPC2进行定性定量分析。以超临界CO2-甲醇为流动相,梯度洗脱,采用ACQUITY UPC2HSS C18 SB色谱柱(100 mm×3.0 mm,1.8μm)进行分离。8种荧光增白剂在1.0~20.0 mg/L范围内线性良好(r≥0.999 1),定量限(LOQ,S/N=10)在0.70~0.95 mg/L之间。不同添加水平的回收率范围为90.9%~96.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.8%~4.2%。该方法简单、准确度高、分析时间短,可用于快速检测纺织品中的8种荧光增白剂。  相似文献   
9.
采用湿式浸渍法,将6种含过渡金属(Cu,Fe,Zn,Ni,Mn,Ce)元素的化合物负载在活性炭(AC)上,制得6种催化剂AC/M(M=Cu,Fe,Zn,Ni,Mn,Ce),在室温条件下,催化臭氧化处理苯酚溶液和印染污泥.催化剂AC/M通过Boehm滴定、XRD和BET分析进行表征.苯酚的3种降解方法中,AC/M催化剂的臭氧催化最好,AC/M吸附处理次之,单独臭氧处理的效果最差.在苯酚的降解处理过程中,AC/M催化臭氧化处理苯酚溶液的效率依次为:AC/Fe> AC/Zn> AC/Ni> AC/Ce> AC/Cu> AC/Mn.AC/M催化剂催化臭氧化效果随溶液pH值的增大而增强.AC/M催化剂处理印染污泥的效率依次为:AC/Fe> AC/Zn> AC/Ce=AC/Ni>AC/Cu> AC/Mn,AC/Fe催化臭氧化处理印染污泥可使污泥中有机质含量降低8.17%.  相似文献   
10.
An inverse problem of bilayer textile thickness determination in dynamic heat and moisture transfer is presented satisfying the heat–moisture comfort level of human body. Heat and mass transfer law in bilayer textiles is displayed by proving the existence and uniqueness of solution to the coupled partial differential equations with initial-boundary value conditions. The finite difference method is employed to derive the numerical solution to partial differential equations. The regularized solution of the inverse problem is reformulated into solving function minimum problem through the Tikhonov regularization method. The golden section method is applied to solve the direct search problem and achieve the optimal solution to the inverse problem. Numerical algorithm and its numerical results provide theoretical explanation for textile materials research and development.  相似文献   
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