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1.
谢颖  韩磊  张志坤  汪伟  刘兆平 《人工晶体学报》2022,51(11):1903-1910
在石墨烯的化学气相沉积工艺中,铜箔是决定石墨烯薄膜质量的重要因素。传统铜箔由于制备工艺的限制,存在大量的缺陷,导致石墨烯薄膜的成核密度较高。本工作选用抛光铝板、抛光不锈钢板、微晶玻璃和SiO2/Si作为基材,用热蒸镀法制备了不同粗糙度的铜箔,并详细讨论了以该系列铜箔生长高平整度石墨烯薄膜的条件及铜箔对石墨烯薄膜品质的影响。实验结果表明,铜箔以(111)取向为主,与基材分离后,表面具有纳米级平整度。在生长石墨烯后,从SiO2/Si剥离的铜箔成核密度是4种基材中最小的。同时,从SiO2/Si剥离的铜箔晶体结构变化最不明显,具有良好的结晶性,表面几乎不存在铜晶界缺陷。当压强为3 000 Pa,氢气和甲烷流速分别为300 mL/min和0.5 mL/min时,可以获得约1 mm横向尺寸的石墨烯单晶晶畴。  相似文献   
2.
Patterned functionalization can, on the one hand, open the band gap of graphene and, on the other hand, program demanding designs on graphene. The functionalization technique is essential for graphene‐based nanoarchitectures. A new and highly efficient method was applied to obtain patterned functionalization on graphene by mild fluorination with spatially arranged AgF arrays on the structured substrate. Scanning Raman spectroscopy (SRS) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS) were used to characterize the functionalized materials. For the first time, chemical patterning on the bottom side of graphene was realized. The chemical nature of the patterned functionalization was determined to be the ditopic scenario with fluorine atoms occupying the bottom side and moieties, such as oxygen‐containing groups or hydrogen atoms, binding on the top side, which provides information about the mechanism of the fluorination process. Our strategy can be conceptually extended to pattern other functionalities by using other reactants. Bottom‐side patterned functionalization enables utilization of the top side of a material, thereby opening up the possibilities for applications in graphene‐based devices.  相似文献   
3.
通过衬底加热和氧化钼(MoO3)修饰源漏极制备了并五苯有机场效应晶体管.研究了衬底温度和电极修饰层厚度对器件性能的影响.实验结果表明:当衬底温度为60℃、MoO3修饰层为10 nm时,器件性能获得了显著增强,场效应迁移率由原来的3.39×10-3 cm2/(V·s)提高到2.25 ×10-1 cm2/(V·s),阈值电压由12 V降低到3V.器件性能的改善归因于:衬底加热可以优化有源层形貌,改善载流子传输;而MoO3修饰层显著降低了电极与有源层之间的接触势垒,提高了载流子的注入.因此,衬底加热与电极修饰对于制备高性能有机场效应晶体管是不可或缺的优化手段.  相似文献   
4.
曲家乐  肖杰文  陈和田  刘晓鹏  王天帅  张千帆 《催化学报》2021,42(2):288-296,后插21-后插31
氨作为一种可被植物直接吸收用以合成其他有机物的重要成分,在化学化工及含氮化合物的生产当中起着至关重要的作用.传统工业生产氨气采用Haber-Bosch工艺,将空气中丰富的氮气转化为氨气,但该工艺需要较高的压强和温度来促进氮气分解,因此会消耗大量能源.近年来,电催化反应发展迅速.在电催化工艺中,通过控制操作电位及电解质便可提高生产效率,降低能源消耗.基于这种策略,各种针对能源环境的催化研究应运而生,如二氧化碳还原、水分解反应等.其中,对于氮还原的催化研究尤其是电催化设计领域研究相对较少.研究发现,在电催化剂中,异构掺杂及原子尺度的调控可以极大地影响催化剂的催化活性.其中,单原子催化(SAC)因其在催化活性和催化选择性上的优势受到广泛关注.MXene是一种二维过渡金属碳化物或氮化物,其优异的化学性能和稳定的表面构型可以对单原子起到良好的锚定与支撑作用,是一种更具潜力的单原子催化基体.本文基于上述思想,利用密度泛函第一性原理等模拟软件,设计并研究了以MXene为基体的28种过渡金属单原子催化体系,计算并分析了各SAC@MXene体系对氮还原反应的催化效果,从限制电势、催化路径、反应机制等方面探索了其催化性能.并对体系进行了态密度、晶体轨道哈密顿量、差分电荷密度等电子结构分析,找到了适用于MXene体系的单原子催化设计原则.通过对限制电势的计算表明,Ni@MXene和Co@MXene体系具有很低的限制电势(-0.13和-0.17 V),说明这些体系在较低的启动电压下即可发生氮还原反应.研究发现了一种新型适用于SAC@MXene氮催化体系的酶促-远端反应机制.电子结构分析得到SAC原子与MXene基体的Ti原子在催化过程中存在一种协同作用.态密度及晶体轨道哈密顿量也显示出SAC原子与MXene基体Ti之间的一种轨道对称性匹配关系,揭示了这种协同作用对催化反应的积极作用.计算的氢析出反应(HER)结果也显示,在相同化学环境下,SAC@MXene体系氮还原反应相对于氢析出反应更易发生.  相似文献   
5.
In this contribution, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based on conical holed glass substrates deposited with silver colloids was reported for the first time. It combines the advantages of both dry SERS assays based on plane films deposited with silver colloids and wet SERS assays utilizing cuvettes or capillary tubes. Compared with plane glass substrates deposited with silver colloids, the conical holed glass substrates deposited with silver colloids exhibited five-to ten-folds of increase in the rate of signal enhancement, due to the internal multiple reflections of both the excitation laser beam and the Raman scattering photons within conical holes. The application of conical holed glass substrates could also yield significantly stronger and more reproducible SERS signals than SERS assays utilizing capillary tubes to sample the mixture of silver colloids and the solution of the analyte of interest. The conical holed glass substrates in combination with the multiplicative effects model for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (MEMSERS) achieved quite sensitive and precise quantification of 6-mercaptopurine in complex plasma samples with an average relative prediction error of about 4% and a limit of detection of about 0.02 μM using a portable i-Raman 785H spectrometer. It is reasonable to expect that SERS technique based on conical holed enhancing substrates in combination with MEMSERS model can be developed and extended to other application areas such as drug detection, environmental monitoring, and clinic analysis, etc.  相似文献   
6.
采用电化学沉积法制备了聚苯胺(Polyaniline,PANI)纳米棒、树枝状银和纳米颗粒银基体。并利用表面增强拉曼散射光谱技术(Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering,SERS)研究了PANI纳米棒的分子链在Ag金属表面的构象变化。实验结果表明由于Ag金属表面的等离子共振效应,PANI分子中N原子的孤对电子与Ag的自由电子产生共轭效应,使得PANI分子链上的电荷重新分布,结果 C—H面内弯曲振动频率和C—C键的伸缩频率向低波数方向移动(蓝移);拉曼散射频率增强的基团在金属表面倾向垂直于分子链的主轴,拉曼散射频率减弱的基团在金属表面倾向平行于分子链主轴。  相似文献   
7.
利用热丝化学气相沉积法(HFCVD)在碳化硅基底上制备金刚石薄膜,采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、拉曼光谱仪、原子力显微镜研究了在不同甲烷浓度条件下制备的金刚石薄膜表面形貌及物相组成,在干摩擦条件下通过往复式摩擦磨损实验测试并计算了已制备金刚石薄膜的摩擦系数和磨损率,结合物相分析及摩擦磨损实验结果分析了甲烷浓度的改变对金刚石薄膜摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,由于甲烷气体含量的升高,金刚石薄膜结晶质量下降,薄膜由微米晶向纳米晶转变。摩擦磨损实验结果显示:3%甲烷浓度条件下制备的金刚石薄膜耐磨性较好,磨损率为2.2×10-7 mm3/mN;5%甲烷浓度条件下制备的金刚石薄膜摩擦系数最低(0.032),磨损率为5.7×10-7 mm3/mN,制备的金刚石薄膜的耐磨损性能相比于碳化硅基底(磨损率为9.89×10-5 mm3/mN)提升了两个数量级,显著提高了碳化硅基底的耐磨性。  相似文献   
8.
Wetting of a sessile droplet on structured or patterned surface can be found in a broad range of applications. The researchers have been promoted to keep working on the topic. The review is on the basis of the recent experimental advances on the sessile droplet wetting on the hydrophobic, hydrophilic, or combined hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces under isothermal conditions, and on heating or cooling substrates having nonisothermal conditions. More attention has been paid on the wetting configuration between the sessile droplet and the structured substrate; the research gap has been discussed on identifying the three-phase line shape. Further, the three-dimensional measurement for the sessile droplets on the patterned surfaces with focusing more on the contact line of sessile droplets might reveal new physical insights. This review targets at building a holistic overview on the sessile droplet wetting behaviors on the structured substrate in the past 2 years.  相似文献   
9.
Regioselective catalytic transformations using supramolecular directing groups are increasingly popular as it allows for control over challenging reactions that may otherwise be impossible. In most examples the reactive group and the directing group are close to each other and/or the linker between the directing group is very rigid. Achieving control over the regioselectivity using a remote directing group with a flexible linker is significantly more challenging due to the large conformational freedom of such substrates. Herein, we report the redesign of a supramolecular Rh–bisphosphite hydroformylation catalyst containing a neutral carboxylate receptor (DIM pocket) with a larger distance between the phosphite metal binding moieties and the DIM pocket. For the first time regioselective conversion of internal and terminal alkenes containing a remote carboxylate directing group is demonstrated. For carboxylate substrates that possess an internal double bond at the Δ-9 position regioselectivity is observed. As such, the catalyst was used to hydroformylate natural monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) in a regioselective fashion, forming of an excess of the 10-formyl product (10-formyl/9-formyl product ratio of 2.51), which is the first report of a regioselective hydroformylation reaction of such substrates.  相似文献   
10.
ABSTRACT

A transparent flexible polymer film is chemically functionalised with a bent-core liquid crystal (BCLC) compound for effective alignment of the bulk BCLC sample at the substrate–LC interface. The surface attachment was achieved via a simple procedure which involved pre-treatment of the polymer film (commercial name: over head projector film) using piranha solution followed by chemically attaching the BCLC compound through silane condensation reaction. Surface characterisation of the unmodified and BC-modified flexible films was carried out through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, contact angle (CA) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. The BC-modified flexible substrates are analysed for their efficiency to orient the bulk LC sample. Remarkably, the chemically modified polymer substrates are highly efficient in vertically aligning both the BC and rod-like LC samples at the substrate–LC interface, in comparison to their unmodified counterparts. The described method is simple, reproducible, surface modified substrates are highly stable and more importantly reusable. The demonstrated method for the alignment of BCLCs advances a step forward towards the realisation of applications proposed for these fascinating compounds.  相似文献   
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