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1.
植物精油是从芳香植物提取的天然复杂化合物,作为芳香植物的次生代谢产物具有挥发性和浓郁香味,其特有的多样化生物活性广泛应用于医药和化妆品行业。植物精油具有高渗透性,能以活跃的分子态渗透皮肤组织,经淋巴腺吸收后进入血液,其所含的重金属元素也极易随植物精油进入人体对健康构成潜在威胁。采用硝酸-双氧水对植物精油进行微波消解,在多模式样品导入系统(MSIS)的双重模式下,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)测定其中可形成蒸气重金属元素As,Sn,Sb,Hg和不可形成蒸气重金属元素Cr,Ni,Cd和Pb的含量。选择盐酸对样品进行酸化并预还原氧化态元素,通过在线加入L-半胱氨酸/酒石酸提高可形成蒸气元素的蒸气发生效率,利用硼氢化钠/氢氧化钠在MSIS中将As,Sn,Sb和Hg转变为蒸气状态;针对分析过程中存在的多个或单个光谱重叠和背景干扰,分别对空白溶液、分析元素和预期干扰元素的纯溶液进行测定,根据获得的光谱响应数据解卷积构建快速自动曲线拟合技术(FACT)模型,将分析谱线从干扰谱线中分离出来,从而实现光谱重叠干扰和背景干扰的实时校正;采用加标回收并与电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)进行对比分析评价方法的准确性。各元素方法的检出限(MDL)为0.38~11.2 μg·kg-1,加标回收率为95.4%~104%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.9%~4.9%,对比分析的相对误差(RE)在-2.1%~2.7%之间,表明方法准确可靠,精密度高。对8种植物精油中的重金属元素进行了分析,所有植物精油样品中重金属元素As,Hg和Pb的含量远低于GB/T 26516—2011制定的限量标准,植物精油中重金属元素Cr,Ni,Sn,Cd和Sb的含量虽然没有制定限量标准,但均处于极低水平。MSIS兼具传统雾化和蒸气发生双重功能,在分析可形成蒸气元素和不可形成蒸气元素时无需切换不同进样系统,能满足大批量植物精油中微量重金属元素的高通量分析需要。  相似文献   
2.
以全血样品为原料,探讨湿法消解-原子荧光法测定全血中的硒含量。血样经硝酸-高氯酸消解后,用硼氢化钠将硒还原成硒化氢,由氩气载入原子化器,产生的原子荧光强度与试液中硒元素含量在一定范围内呈正比,外标法定量。以消解效率为指标,优化样品的消解条件,测定血中硒在0-10μg/L范围内线性情况良好,相关系数为0.9992,最低检出限为0.143μg/L,相对标准偏差为1.51%-1.58%,平均加标回收率为90.86%-104.62%。血中硒的原子荧光测定法灵敏度高,精密度和稳定性好,可应用于血中硒的生物监测。  相似文献   
3.
The features of rock-forming elements determination in powder samples of peat sediments are considered. Based on theoretical calculations and experimental data, the mineralogical and particle size effects on the X-ray fluorescence intensity have been estimated. For routine analysis, powder rock samples are usually milled to a particle size of 10–60 μm. Theoretically, estimated variations of rock-forming elements analytical lines intensities in different minerals are up to 30%, and the particle size effect cannot be eliminated simultaneously for all rock-forming elements. Experimental estimation shows that the impossibility of the particle size distribution control can lead to significant variations in the intensities of the analytical lines (3%–18%) that is mainly corresponding to theoretical estimation. Fine milling allowed us to achieve an average particle size of fewer than 20 μm and reduce the measurement uncertainty by 1.5–2 times. 12 samples of peat sediments with organic matter content up to 70 wt% were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence analysis using different sample preparation techniques, as well as by certified methods. The accuracy of X-ray fluorescence analysis of peat sediments prepared as pressed pellets varies from 1.5 to 11 rel% depending on compound contents. It is more than for samples prepared as fused beads, however, the proposed method can be used to determine the variations of rock-forming elements contents in peat sediments where the content variations exceed the measurement uncertainty, and accuracy of analysis is sufficient for further paleoecological reconstructions.  相似文献   
4.
Zhihang Xu 《中国物理 B》2022,31(4):40304-040304
We propose a novel scheme for remote state preparation of an arbitrary three-qubit state with unit success probability, utilizing a nine-qubit cluster-GHZ state without introducing auxiliary qubits. Furthermore, we proceed to investigate the effects of different quantum noises (e.g., amplitude-damping, phase-damping, bit-flip and phase-flip noises) on the systems. The fidelity results of three-qubit target state are presented, which are usually used to illustrate how close the output state is to the target state. To compare the different effects between the four common types of quantum noises, the fidelities under one specific identical target state are also calculated and discussed. It is found that the fidelity of the phase-flip noisy channel drops the fastest through the four types of noisy channels, while the fidelity is found to always maintain at 1 in bit-flip noisy channel.  相似文献   
5.
分析方法标准验证实验得到的分析方法基本性能参数重复性限和再现性限是日常检测工作质控规范重要依据。以环境监测领域土壤、沉积物及固废样品中无机元素分析为例,考察了已颁布执行的标准文本和在生态环境部官网公开征求意见的分析方法标准中重复性限。将重复性限转化为相对偏差后,与日常检测工作中质控限值进行了比较。根据目前现行有效的平行双样测定结果相对偏差限值,方法验证数据有多大比例符合质控要求?根据方法验证结果,平行双样测定结果相对偏差限值有无改进可能?从上述两个角度进行了研究。研究结果表明:土壤、沉积物、固体废弃物中无机元素的测定,不同文献来源相同分析方法标准和不同分析方法标准,其重复性限转化得到的平行测定相对偏差合格率存在明显区别;用平行测定相对偏差限值可以快速判断标准文本中的重复性限是否合理,审核方法验证数据质量是否满足要求。基于已有标准文本方法验证数据,探讨了修改平行测定结果相对偏差限值可行性。  相似文献   
6.
Recently, measuring the complexity of body movements during sleep has been proven as an objective biomarker of various psychiatric disorders. Although sleep problems are common in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and might exacerbate ASD symptoms, their objectivity as a biomarker remains to be established. Therefore, details of body movement complexity during sleep as estimated by actigraphy were investigated in typically developing (TD) children and in children with ASD. Several complexity analyses were applied to raw and thresholded data of actigraphy from 17 TD children and 17 children with ASD. Determinism, irregularity and unpredictability, and long-range temporal correlation were examined respectively using the false nearest neighbor (FNN) algorithm, information-theoretic analyses, and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). Although the FNN algorithm did not reveal determinism in body movements, surrogate analyses identified the influence of nonlinear processes on the irregularity and long-range temporal correlation of body movements. Additionally, the irregularity and unpredictability of body movements measured by expanded sample entropy were significantly lower in ASD than in TD children up to two hours after sleep onset and at approximately six hours after sleep onset. This difference was found especially for the high-irregularity period. Through this study, we characterized details of the complexity of body movements during sleep and demonstrated the group difference of body movement complexity across TD children and children with ASD. Complexity analyses of body movements during sleep have provided valuable insights into sleep profiles. Body movement complexity might be useful as a biomarker for ASD.  相似文献   
7.
升高样品温度和采用空间约束能提高激光诱导击穿光谱的信号强度,两种技术的结合可以进一步提高激光诱导击穿光谱的光谱强度。本文在空气环境中研究了升高样品温度和空间约束效应两种方法相结合对激光诱导击穿光谱的影响,测量了激光诱导铝等离子体的时间分辨光谱。实验结果表明:升高样品温度能增加激光诱导击穿光谱的信号强度,高温样品能耦合更多的激光能量;当圆柱形腔被用于约束等离子体时,信号强度得到了进一步提高。两个实验条件的结合对于激光诱导击穿光谱信号增强的效果明显强于单独升高样品温度或者单独采用空间约束的增强效果。单一200°C高温下样品的Al(I)396.2 nm线强度增加了1.4倍;单一空间约束条件下的Al(I)396.2 nm线强度增加了1.3倍;而在200°C和空间约束的组合条件下,Al(I)396.2 nm线强度增加了2.1倍。这个结合效应增强效果产生主要由于激光照射高温样品产生更强的冲击波,从而能更有效地压缩高温下产生的更大尺寸的等离子体羽,进一步提高了激光诱导击穿光谱的强度。  相似文献   
8.
王剑锋 《化学教育》2022,43(5):107-113
石蕊溶液在碱性溶液中变色不明显,这个问题虽小,但它一直困扰着我们的实验教学活动。利用手机软件颜色识别器、数字传感器等几种软硬件技术手段,对石蕊试剂的选择、配制方法的优化、溶液pH的调节等方面进行探究,试图配制出在酸碱性溶液中显色明显的石蕊溶液。  相似文献   
9.
随着绿色分析化学概念的提出,新型绿色溶剂的开发和利用成为当前的研究热点。将绿色溶剂替代传统有机溶剂用于样品前处理过程,可以减少对实验人员及环境的危害。超分子溶剂由于两亲物质含量高,萃取分离条件温和,近年来被广泛应用于萃取富集宽极性范围内的目标分析物,兼具萃取和净化的效果。该文介绍了超分子溶剂的形成过程和基本性质,综述了超分子溶剂应用于萃取分离过程的优势,对超分子溶剂在样品前处理中的应用进行了归纳梳理,包括基于超分子溶剂的样品前处理及超分子溶剂萃取与其他前处理方式的联用,并对超分子溶剂萃取与多种检测技术的联用进行了介绍。通过对超分子溶剂在样品前处理与检测技术中应用研究进展的综述,为其进一步开发利用提供理论指导和技术支持。  相似文献   
10.
Mycotoxin contamination is a globally concerned problem for food and agricultural products since it may directly or indirectly induce severe threats to human health. Sensitive and selective screening is an efficient strategy to prevent or reduce human and animal exposure to mycotoxins. However, enormous challenges exist in the determination of mycotoxins, arising from complex sample matrices, trace-level analytes, and the co-occurrence of diverse mycotoxins. Appropriate sample preparation is essential to isolate, purify, and enrich mycotoxins from complicated matrices, thus decreasing sample matrix effects and lowering detection limits. With the cross-disciplinary development, new solid-phase extraction strategies have been exploited and integrated with nanotechnology to meet the challenges of mycotoxin analysis. This review summarizes the advance and progress of solid-phase extraction techniques as the methodological solutions for mycotoxin analysis. Emphases are paid on nanomaterials fabricated as trapping media of solid-phase extraction techniques, including carbonaceous nanoparticles, metal/metal oxide-based nanoparticles, and nanoporous materials. Advantages and limitations are discussed, along with the potential prospects.  相似文献   
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