Photoelectrochemical Cytosensors

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cytosensors, a combination of the PEC process and the living-cell assay, have emerged as a powerful tool in the analytical and biological science. This mini review provides a brief introduction of this arena and summaries the key steps about the development of PEC cytosensors with representative examples, followed by future prospects based on our own opinions.     

基于BalanceCascade-GBDT算法的类别不平衡虚假评论识别方法

虚假评论是电商发展过程中一个无法避免的难题. 针对在线评论数据中样本类别不平衡情况，提出基于BalanceCascade-GBDT算法的虚假评论识别方法. BalanceCascade算法通过设置分类器的误报率逐步缩小大类样本空间，然后集成所有基分类器构建最终分类器. GBDT以其高准确性和可解释性被广泛应用于分类问题中，并且作为样本扰动不稳定算法，是十分合适的基分类模型. 模型基于Yelp评论数据集，采用AUC值作为评价指标，并与逻辑回归、随机森林以及神经网络算法进行对比，实验证明了该方法的有效性.     

A review of bioanalytical methods for chronic lymphocytic leukemia drugs and metabolites in biological matrices

Quantitation of drugs used for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in various biological matrices during both pre-clinical and clinical developments is very important, often in routine therapeutic drug monitoring. The first developed methods for quantitation were traditionally done on LC in combination with either UV or fluorescence detection. However, the emergence of LC with mass spectrometry in tandem in early 1990s has revolutionized the quantitation as it has provided better sensitivity and selectivity within a shorter run time; therefore it has become the choice of method for the analysis of various drugs. In this article, an overview of various bioanalytical methods (HPLC or LC–MS/MS) for the quantification of drugs for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, along with applicability of these methods, is given.     

英国国家科研与创新署学科交叉研究资助机制及启示

Newly established in 2018, the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) strengthens the strategic coordination of the UK research and innovation system by bringing together seven Research Councils, Research England, and Innovate UK. Through its nine organizations, UKRI funds multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research in a number of priority areas. It also runs the Strategic Priorities Fund to support multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research in strategic areas identified by government policies as well as the Global Challenges Research Fund to promote challenge-led interdisciplinary research needed by developing countries. The UKRI makes significant efforts to engage stakeholders in the development, design, and implementation of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary programs. It has also developed a range of mechanisms to improve the evaluation of multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary projects. Chinese science and innovation funding agencies could draw upon the UKRI experience from four aspects to advance interdisciplinary research in China.     

Exploring the state of science stereotypes: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the Draw-A-Scientist Checklist

This systematic review and meta-analysis examined recent articles that have used the 1995 Draw-A-Scientist Checklist (DAST-C). This study was focused on the current state of students' stereotypes of scientists and the appropriateness of the DAST-C as a tool to assess these perceptions. Articles included in the review were published between 2003 and 2018, resulting in n = 30 studies. Mean results across studies are presented to describe current stereotypes of scientists, and the current format of the DAST-C is evaluated. Findings suggest that students' perceptions of scientists have largely remained consistent across time: scientists are still perceived as Caucasian, middle-aged or elderly males who wear lab coats and work indoors. However, while the DAST-C is a generally appropriate measure to assess students' perceptions of scientists, recommended revisions to the DAST-C could assist in capturing more modern scientist stereotypes and culturally bound perceptions of scientists.     

无溶剂法在有机锌与醛(酮)不对称加成反应中的应用

综述了无溶剂法在有机锌与醛酮不对称加成反应中的应用。重点阐述了该方法在制备手性二级醇和手性三级醇中的应用。并对其未来发展进行了展望。参考文献30篇。     

Castanea sativa by-products: a review on added value and sustainable application

Castanea sativa Mill. is a species of the family Fagaceae abundant in south Europe and Asia. The fruits (chestnut) are an added value resource in producing countries. Chestnut economic value is increasing not only for nutritional qualities but also for the beneficial health effects related with its consumption. During chestnut processing, a large amount of waste material is generated namely inner shell, outer shell and leaves. Studies on chestnut by-products revealed a good profile of bioactive compounds with antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and cardioprotective properties. These agro-industrial wastes, after valorisation, can be used by other industries, such as pharmaceutical, food or cosmetics, generating more profits, reducing pollution costs and improving social, economic and environmental sustainability.

The purpose of this review is to provide knowledge about the type of chestnut by-products produced, the studies concerning its chemical composition and biological activity, and also to discuss other possible applications of these materials.     

数学模型在高校领军人才评审中的应用

教育评估的可靠性决定了评估结果的可信性,影响着教育评估的声誉和发展.结合高校领军人才评审探讨了数学可靠性模型在教育评估中的应用,通过建立数学可靠性模型,计算评审系统的可靠性,并结合可靠性计算结果分析了影响评审系统可靠性的因素.     

论证“是否应该停止使用氮肥”社会性科学议题教学——氮及其化合物的复习

“氮及其化合物”复习教学中,通过社会性科学议题“是否应该停止使用氮肥”,在真实复杂的两难问题情境中,使学生基于物质类别和元素价态视角分析、设计氮肥的制备、使用以及减少其对环境影响中涉及的含氮物质的转化,提高学生自主应用氮元素“价-类”二维图综合分析、解决真实问题的能力,促进证据推理与模型认知、科学探究与创新意识、科学态度与社会责任等多维度化学学科核心素养的融合发展。经过多轮教学改进,结合教学效果抽提出以下教学策略：课上课下统筹安排,合理设置任务,提高学生参与议题的兴趣,促使学生全身心投入对议题的探讨;聚焦真实问题解决,将议题的探讨过程与关键能力持续进阶紧密结合并相互促进;让学生经历“做真事、真做事、真反思、真发展”的完整过程。     

促进深度学习的专题复习教学*——以“碳及其化合物”为例

以促进学生的深度学习为基本理念,围绕“自然界的碳循环”“大气中CO₂的控减排”“化学家们合成的新型碳家族成员”等板块,设计并成功实施系列情境问题,在系列问题的讨论、分析、解决过程中帮助学生建构“碳”家族成员间相互转化的知识网络,提高学生思维的纵深度,引发高阶思维,促进深度学习。