Finite groups with a given number of relative centralizers

We will study all finite groups and their subgroups with at most four relative centralizers.     

围压与径向荷载共同作用下巴西盘裂纹应力强度因子的解析解

利用权函数法推导了围压和径向荷载共同作用下，考虑裂纹面摩擦的预制裂纹巴西盘应力强度因子计算公式，从理论上分析了围压、径向荷载和裂纹面摩擦对巴西盘应力强度因子的影响。结果表明，围压对I型应力强度因子有很大影响，I型应力强度因子随围压的增大而减小。当裂纹面闭合后围压和摩擦系数对II型应力强度因子同样具有显著影响，考虑裂纹面有效剪应力的权函数法理论解与有限元数值解相吻合，表明理论分析的正确性。     

Stimulation of Microvascular Networks on Sulfonated Polyrotaxane Surfaces with Immobilized Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

Modulation of material properties and growth factor application are critical in constructing suitable cell culture environments to induce desired cellular functions. Sulfonated polyrotaxane (PRX) surfaces with immobilized vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are prepared to improve network formation in vascular endothelial cells. Sulfonated PRXs, whereby sulfonated α‐cyclodextrins (α‐CDs) are threaded onto a linear poly(ethylene glycol) chain capped with bulky groups at both terminals, are coated onto surfaces. The molecular mobility of sulfonated PRX surfaces is modulated by tuning the number of threading α‐CDs. VEGF is immobilized onto surfaces with varying mobility. Low mobility and VEGF‐immobilization reinforce cell proliferation, yes‐associated protein activity, and rhoA, pdgf, ang‐1, and pecam‐1 gene expression. Highly mobile surfaces and soluble VEGF weakly affect these cell responses. Network formation is strongly stimulated in vascular endothelial cells only on low‐mobility VEGF‐immobilized surfaces, suggesting that molecular mobility and VEGF immobilization synergistically control cell function.     

Uptake,Translocation, and Bioaccumulation of Elements in Forest Nettle (Laportea alatipes)

Elements found in the edible parts of plants are considered to be the main source of nutrients for humans and animals. However, there is insufficient information on the relationship between heavy metal pollution in the growing soil of most edible plants. In this study, the distribution of elements in the edible forest nettle (Laportea alatipes) was evaluated as a function of geographical location. Forest land soils had higher concentrations of minor elements (Cu, Cr, Ni, and Zn) compared to soils from rural and suburban areas. Translocation factors for Cd and Pb showed effective translocation from the roots to the leaves; however, these heavy metals in leaves were still above South African maximum permissible levels for vegetables. Atmospheric depositions may play a significant role in higher Cd and Pb concentrations in the leaves. Bioaccumulation factors showed the plant to accumulate Cu, Mn, and Zn to meet physiological requirement levels. Geoaccumulation indices and enrichment factors showed no soil contamination or minimal enrichment by trace metals. Principal component analysis showed Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn in soil to originate from a common source which may be soil silicates and other minerals.     

多层结构的阴极修饰层对有机电致发光器件的性能改善

为提高有机电致发光器件（OLEDs）的阴极电子注入效率，我们设计了新型的阴极杂化修饰层，其结构为Bphen∶LiF/Al/MoO₃，将其应用到器件ITO/NPB/Alq₃/Al中，参考器件的电子注入层选用传统材料LiF。实验研究表明，与传统的阴极修饰层LiF相比，基于这种杂化结构的阴极修饰层非常有效。测试了器件的电致发光光谱（EL谱），其峰值位于534 nm，发光来自于Alq₃，实验中我们可以观察到明亮的绿色发光。将其与传统参考器件的EL谱进行对比，在电流密度40 mA·cm-2下，两个器件的电致发光光谱是一致的。在0～100 mA·cm-2范围内，对器件的EL谱进行了测试。实验结果表明，随着电流密度的增加，器件的发光增强，但是EL谱的形状和谱峰的位置是固定不变的。与参考器件对比，基于杂化修饰层的器件的发光性能更好。研究表明，杂化修饰层的最佳参数为Bphen∶LiF(5 nm; 6%)/Al(1 nm)/MoO₃(5 nm)，在测试范围内，器件的最大电流效率和最大功率效率分别为4.28 cd·A-1和2.19 lm·W-1，相比参考器件提高了25.5%和23.7%。器件的电流密度-电压特性曲线表明阴极杂化修饰层可以增强电子的注入，使器件中的载流子更加平衡，从而提高了器件的发光性能。从两个角度对器件效率的增强进行了理论方面的论证。一方面利用阴极杂化修饰层的作用机制来解释。在HML中，LiF能填充Bphen的电子陷阱，增强电流的注入，同时HML也能限制空穴的传输，减小空穴电流。另一方面从电荷平衡因子的角度，HML增强了电子的注入，使得器件的电荷平衡因子增大，空穴和电子的平衡性更好。实验研究表明，阴极杂化修饰层很好地增强了器件的效率。     

Adaptive signal enhancement for overlapped peaks based on weighting factor selection

Peak-sharpening is an effective method for the peak position detection of overlapped spectra. However, the weighing factor parameter strongly affects the sharpening performance, and the derivative adopted in the peak-sharpening method is sensitive to noise. In this paper, an adaptive peak-sharpening method based on weighting factor selection is proposed. The relationship between the sharpening ratio and weighting factor is studied. In addition, the Savitzky–Golay filter is adopted due to its excellent noise reduction and peak shape retention abilities. First, the smoothed signal and second-order derivative signal are obtained by the Savitzky–Golay filter. Then, the parameters of the overlapped peaks are estimated for the weighting factor selection. Next, the peak position is detected by the peak-sharpening method. After that step, the estimated parameters are updated, and the above steps are iterated until the detection of the peak position converges. Finally, the converged results are considered to be the final detection results. The experimental results using a simulated dataset, a virtual mass spectra dataset and a polarography dataset show that the proposed method is effective for peak position detection.     

Math1基因在内耳毛细胞发育及再生过程中的作用

耳蜗感觉毛细胞作为听觉机械感受器，在听觉的发生过程中起着至关重要的作用。 哺乳动物的毛细胞损伤后无法再生，往往会造成听力障碍或永久性听力缺失。因此，阐明内耳感觉毛细胞发育过程中的分子机制对听力损伤的诊断与治疗具有非常重要的意义。Math1是毛细胞发育与再生过程中的关键基因，本文就Math1及其相关基因和信号通路在毛细胞的发育与再生过程中的调控作用做简要概述。     

Tunable and highly sensitive temperature sensor based on graphene photonic crystal fiber

Optical fiber temperature sensors have been widely employed in enormous areas ranging from electric power industry, medical treatment, ocean dynamics to aerospace. Recently, graphene optical fiber temperature sensors attract tremendous attention for their merits of simple structure and direct power detecting ability. However, these sensors based on transfer techniques still have limitations in the relatively low sensitivity or distortion of the transmission characteristics, due to the unsuitable Fermi level of graphene and the destruction of fiber structure, respectively. Here, we propose a tunable and highly sensitive temperature sensor based on graphene photonic crystal fiber (Gr-PCF) with the non-destructive integration of graphene into the holes of PCF. This hybrid structure promises the intact fiber structure and transmission mode, which efficiently enhances the temperature detection ability of graphene. From our simulation, we find that the temperature sensitivity can be electrically tuned over four orders of magnitude and achieve up to ～ 3.34×10^-3 dB/(cm·℃) when the graphene Fermi level is ～ 35 meV higher than half the incident photon energy. Additionally, this sensitivity can be further improved by ～ 10 times through optimizing the PCF structure (such as the fiber hole diameter) to enhance the light-matter interaction. Our results provide a new way for the design of the highly sensitive temperature sensors and broaden applications in all-fiber optoelectronic devices.     

Rate sensitivity and deformation mechanism of semi-crystalline polymers during instrumented indentation

Instrumented indentation tests using both constant loading rate (CLR) and continuous stiffness measurement (CSM) operation modes were performed to investigate the deformation mechanism and their sensitivity to the deformation rate in semi-crystalline polymers through the quantitative analysis of load-depth loading and unloading curves. The strain rate was constant during the CSM tests, while the strain rate decreased with the increasing of loading time in CLR tests. The mechanical response mechanism of the semi-crystalline polymers to these tests was very complicated because of the combined effects of strain-hardening in the crystal phase and strain-softening in the amorphous phase. Results show that the loading index m reflects the strain-hardening or strain-softening response during indentation. When m > 2, the mechanical response was due to the strain-hardening, and when m < 2, the response was due to strain-softening. A method based on the measured contact hardness was proposed to obtain the unloading stiffness, and the other mechanical parameters could then be determined according to the unloading stiffness.