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1.
亚甲基蓝和环丙沙星是水体中2种污染物, 对生态环境有潜在危害. 本文以市政剩余活性污泥为原料, 氯化锌为活化剂热解制备污泥基吸附剂, 研究盐酸酸洗浓度、氯化锌浓度、热解温度、热解时间等对污泥基吸附剂吸附水中亚甲基蓝和环丙沙星性能的影响. 结果表明 (1)污泥基吸附剂对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能随盐酸酸洗浓度的增大而增加, 对环丙沙星的吸附性能则随盐酸酸洗浓度的增大呈先降后增趋势, 两者均在1.500mol·L-1盐酸浓度下取得最优值. (2)污泥基吸附剂对亚甲基蓝和环丙沙星的吸附性能随氯化锌浓度和热解温度的增加呈先升后降趋势, 在氯化锌浓度为4.0mol·L-1、热解温度为500℃时有最优值; 随着热解时间的延长, 污泥基吸附剂对亚甲基蓝和环丙沙星的吸附性能分别在500℃热解70min和80min时有最优值. (3)污泥基吸附剂的最佳制备条件为 氯化锌4.0mol·L-1活化2h、500℃热解70min和80min、1.500mol·L-1盐酸酸洗; 以此制得的污泥基吸附剂对亚甲基蓝和环丙沙星的去除率分别为97.7%和96.4%, 平衡吸附量分别为97.9mg·g-1和3.9mg·g-1, 且污泥基吸附剂对亚甲基蓝和环丙沙星的吸附过程均符合准二级动力学方程.  相似文献   
2.
The new nanocomposites, Pd/C/ZrO2, PdO/ZrO2, and Pd/PdO/ZrO2, were prepared by thermal conversion of Pd@UiO-66-Zr−NH2 (MOF) in nitrogen or air atmosphere. The presence of Pd nanoparticles, uniformly distributed on the ZrO2 or C/ZrO2 matrix, was evidenced by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) methods. All pyrolysed composites retained the shape of the MOF template. They catalyze carbonylative Suzuki coupling under 1 atm CO with an efficiency significantly higher than the original Pd@UiO-66-Zr−NH2. The most active PdO/ZrO2 composite, formed benzophenone with TOF up to 1600 h−1, while by using Pd@UiO-66-Zr−NH2, much lower TOF values, 51–95 h−1, were achieved. After the reaction, PdO/ZrO2 was recovered with the same composition and catalytic activity. Very good results were also obtained in the transfer hydrogenation of benzophenones to alcohols with Pd/C/ZrO2 and PdO/ZrO2 catalysts under microwave irradiation.  相似文献   
3.
《Mendeleev Communications》2022,32(5):700-702
Kinetic modeling of pyrolysis of acetylene diluted with argon showed a strong influence of small additives of oxygen on the routes of formation of soot nuclei. The influence of oxygen on various channels of formation and consumption of propargyl radicals C3H3, which are important precursors of soot formation, as well as the fundamental possibility of controlling the process of soot formation and its properties are considered.  相似文献   
4.
This review covers the characteristics of pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis bio‐oils by focusing on the fundamental factors that determine bio‐oil upgradability. The abundant works on the subject of bio‐oil production from lignocellulosic biomass were studied to establish the essential attributes of the bio‐oils for assessment of the oil stability and upgradability. Bio‐oils from catalytic pyrolysis processes relating to catalysts of different compositions and structures are discussed. A general relationship between the higher heating value and the oxygen content in the catalytic pyrolysis oils exists, but this relationship does not apply to the thermal pyrolysis oil. Reporting bio‐oil yield is meaningful only when the oxygen content of the oil is measured because the pyrolytic oil stability is mainly determined by the oxygen content. Isoenergy plot that associates bio‐oil yield with oxygen content is presented and discussed.  相似文献   
5.
采用四种相同阴离子不同有机链长阳离子的离子液体([EMIM][MeSO_4]、[BMIM][MeSO_4]、[HMIM][MeSO_4]和[OMIM][MeSO_4])对煤直接液化残渣(DCLR)进行溶胀处理,通过SEM、FT-IR和TG-DTG表征,分析了各离子液体溶胀对煤直接液化残渣溶胀效果、表面形貌、官能团分布、主体结构和热解性能的影响。溶胀结果表明,不同链长离子液体对煤直接液化残渣具有不同的溶胀效果,[HMIM][MeSO_4]对残渣溶胀效果最好,其溶胀度高达1.78。FT-IR表明,不同链长离子液体会不同程度地破坏煤中C-H键,使得脂肪族和芳香族类化合物的相对含量有所差异。由TG-DTG可知,不同链长离子液体溶胀对残渣热解性能的影响具有较大差异,其中,以离子液体[OMIM][MeSO_4]溶胀对残渣的热解最为有利,失重率高达47.5%;而离子液体[BMIM][MeSO_4]溶胀在一定程度上抑制了残渣的热解,其失重率低于未经溶胀处理的残渣。基于Coats-Redfern法的热解动力学分析表明,煤直接液化残渣及其溶胀残渣在低温段(180-480℃)的热解过程均符合二级反应动力学,高温段(480-825℃)均以三级和四级反应动力学为宜。另外,不同链长离子液体溶胀处理明显改变了残渣的热解活化能,其链越长残渣的热解活化能越高。  相似文献   
6.
采用烟叶和烟梗为原料,使用热裂解气相色谱法对烟草的燃烧时间、燃烧温度进行控制,精确模拟实际烟草致香物质释放环境,精确捕获、并半定量物质,从而在实验室模拟、分析、研究烟草燃烧物中致香物质的组成和特点。研究分别考察了两种生物质在500℃、550℃下释放的致香物质组成。结果表明,烟梗、烟叶中元素组成中硫、氮两种元素含量低,而C/H比值两种烟草生物质均较高。两个热解温度下烟叶的热解产物中致香物质的含量均明显高于烟梗。升高热解温度均有利于获得更高相对含量的热解成分。烟叶热解产物中烯烃类物质相对含量比烟梗中多,而烟梗热解产物中酚类物质含量比烟叶中多。提高热解温度有利于酮类致香物质含量产生。  相似文献   
7.
In this study, polystyrene‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine), PS‐b‐P2VP, polyisoprene‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridne), PI‐b‐P2VP and poly(methyl metacrylate)‐block‐poly(2‐vinylpyridine), PMMA‐b‐P2VP, coordinated to Cr metal were synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, transmission electron microscopy and direct pyrolysis mass spectrometry techniques. Both thermal degradation mechanism and thermal stability of P2VP blocks were affected by the coordination of Cr nanoparticles to nitrogen of pyridine rings. Thermal decomposition of P2VP blocks was started by loss of pyridine units leaving an unsaturated and/or crosslinked polymer backbone that degraded at relatively high temperatures. Incorporation of Cr metal did not noticeably influence thermal behavior of PS and PI blocks. However, increase in thermal stability of PMMA block was detected and associated with inhibition of the interactions between carbonyl groups of MMA chains with nitrogen atom of pyridine ring as a consequence of coordination to metal. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
8.
本文的主要实验目的是利用DMA-80测汞仪直接测定固体样品中的汞并证明其方法可靠。采用升温加热直接进行热分解、金汞齐反应,采用长、短双检测池,可直接测定固体、液体样品,汞含量在0.n×10-9~600.0×10-9范围内的样品都能被很准确地测定,每个样品测定时间约为5min。 测试结果证明其方法具可靠性。  相似文献   
9.
Using Reaction Mechanism Generator (RMG), we have automatically constructed a detailed mechanism for acetylene pyrolysis, which predicts formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) up to pyrene. To improve the data available for formation pathways from naphthalene to pyrene, new high‐pressure limit reaction rate coefficients and species thermochemistry were calculated using a combination of electronic structure data from the literature and new quantum calculations. Pressure‐dependent kinetics for the CH potential energy surface calculated by Zádor et al. were incorporated to ensure accurate pathways for acetylene initiation reactions. After adding these new data into the RMG database, a pressure‐dependent mechanism was generated in a single RMG simulation which captures chemistry from C to C. In general, the RMG‐generated model accurately predicts major species profiles in comparison to plug‐flow reactor data from the literature. The primary shortcoming of the model is that formation of anthracene, phenanthrene, and pyrene are underpredicted, and PAHs beyond pyrene are not captured. Reaction path analysis was performed for the RMG model to identify key pathways. Notable conclusions include the importance of accounting for the acetone impurity in acetylene in accurately predicting formation of odd‐carbon species, the remarkably low contribution of acetylene dimerization to vinylacetylene or diacetylene, and the dominance of the hydrogen abstraction CH addition (HACA) mechanism in the formation pathways to all PAH species in the model. This work demonstrates the improved ability of RMG to model PAH formation, while highlighting the need for more kinetics data for elementary reaction pathways to larger PAHs.  相似文献   
10.
Continuous catalytic pyrolysis of oily sludge was carried out in a special U-shape reactor for producing saturates-enriched light oil. The sludge underwent thermal pyrolysis first and then catalytic pyrolysis. During the thermal pyrolysis, chain hydrocarbons were first cracked and further polymerized into aromatics. The effect of temperatures (400–800 °C) on the products was investigated and the maximum liquid yield (67.7%) was obtained at 500 °C. High temperature promoted polymerization, thus the distribution of aromatics in the liquid product was increased and was more concentrated in polyaromatics at 800 °C. In the catalytic upgrading stage, dolomite was used as catalyst and aromatics were adsorbed on it, either aggregated or decomposed. As a result, a light oil product with 57.0% saturates was obtained at the residence time of 8.9?s due to the conversion of aromatics and heavy hydrocarbons into light aliphatic hydrocarbons such as straight chain hydrocarbons. Compared with the oil phase in the raw sludge sample, the content of saturates was increased by 45.0% and that of the asphaltenes was reduced by 88.5%. Meanwhile, the inherent moisture in the oily sludge could participate in the steam reforming reaction, promoting the decomposition of aromatics and leading to an increase in the H2 generation. Moreover, the release of H2S was reduced from 0.132 to 0.005?mol per kg sludge and the sulfur content of the oil product was also decreased in the presence of dolomite. The deactivation of dolomite can be attributed to the carbonization of CaO and deposition of polyaromatic coke on the catalyst surface.  相似文献   
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