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明确了“物质分类”“氧化还原反应”“电离与离子反应”等概念对物质性质的认识功能,阐述了鲁科版教材通过构建认识模型,基于认识发展布局学习素材,依据学习理解、应用实践、迁移创新构建进阶的评价体系等方式促进核心知识向能力、素养转化的编写思路,并提出了使用建议。 相似文献
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无机纳米颗粒在塑料抗紫外的研究中一直备受关注,主要介绍了四种(TiO2、ZnO、SiO2、CeO2)典型的无机纳米颗粒在该领域的应用。首先归纳了其既能吸收又能反射或散射紫外线的抗紫外机理;其次,分别论述了不同无机纳米颗粒适用的紫外光波长范围,以在塑料中的添加方法和应用特点为主线,重点介绍了国内外四种无机纳米颗粒在塑料抗紫外性能中的研究现状和进展;最后,将四种无机纳米颗粒在塑料抗紫外性能中的应用特点进行了对比,提出了应用过程中存在的分散和相容性差等问题,以期为无机纳米颗粒的深入应用和发展提供一定的参考。 相似文献
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润滑理论研究的进展与思考 总被引:4,自引:3,他引:4
全面阐述了润滑理论研究中关于各种润滑状态,包括流体润滑、边界润滑、弹流润滑、薄膜润滑以及混合润滑等的研究进展和存在的问题;并进而就今后的润滑理论研究提出了若干建议. 相似文献
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Wang Han Arne Scholtissek Christian Hasse 《Proceedings of the Combustion Institute》2019,37(2):1767-1774
For non-premixed combustion, the steady laminar flamelet model (SLFM) and flamelet/progress variable approach (FPVA) are two popular methods for tabulating flamelet manifolds. Even if the two methods are used to tabulate and parameterize the same flamelet database, their results sometimes differ in the subsequent simulation. In this work, a novel perspective is provided to assess the performance of the SLFM and FPVA. Both approaches are compared with respect to their capabilities to capture tangential diffusion (TD) of the thermochemical state variables along iso-surfaces of mixture fraction. The relevance of TD effects is identified using generalized flamelet equations and regimes by comparing flamelet solutions with and without TD terms to a FTC (full transport and chemistry) solution of a well-known non-premixed coflow flame. It is found that TD effects can play an important role in entire mixture fraction space, even in the classical flamelet regime. This suggests that the ability to characterize TD effects is an important performance indicator for tabulation strategies. Thereafter, an a priori analysis is conducted comparing the results from the FPVA and SLFM (using the same flamelet database) with the FTC results. The results show that the FPVA is able to more accurately describe the thermochemical state and the flame structure than the SLFM. For a more detailed assessment of the two tabulation strategies, the TD terms reconstructed from the FPVA and SLFM are compared to those from the FTC results. It is found that the FPVA can capture a significant portion of TD effects, while the SLFM can hardly characterize TD effects. This particular capability allows the FPVA to describe chemistry-transport interaction and flame structure more accurately than the SLFM. 相似文献
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在实验室实现聚变反应释放的能量大于点燃聚变反应所需能量的阈值是当今世界ICF研究的主要目标,实现这一目标仍需要深入研究一系列的关键物理问题。在ICF研究中,制靶能力的发展与提升至关重要,靶的质量是实验成功的核心要素之一。本文介绍了国际ICF靶制备工作近年来在新型烧蚀层材料靶丸、新型靶丸支撑技术、优化黑腔材料与构型以及减小燃料填充管直径等方面取得的一系列进展,并结合ICF物理需求,简要阐述了ICF靶的发展趋势。 相似文献
7.
《中国化学快报》2019,30(9):1575-1580
As a promising signaling transduction approach, fluorescence polarization (FP)/fluorescence anisotropy (FA), provides a powerful quantitative tool for the rotational motion of fluorescently labeled molecules in chemical or biological homogeneous systems. Unlike fluorescence intensity, FP/FA is almost independent the concentration or quantum of fluorophores, but they are highly dependent on the size or molecular weight of the molecules or materials attached to fluorophores. Recently, significant progress in FP/FA was made, due to the introduction of some nanomaterials as FP/FA enhancers. The detection sensitivity is thus greatly improved by using nanomaterials as FP/FA enhancers, and nanomaterial-based FP/FA is currently used successfully in immunoassay, and analysis of protein, nucleic acid, small molecule and metal ion. Nanomaterial-based FP/FA provides a new kind of strategy to design fluorescent sensors and establishes innovative analytical methods. In this review, we summarize the scientific publications in the field of FP/FA sensor in recent five years, and first introduce the recent progress of FP/FA sensor based on nanomaterial. Subsequently, the various analytical applications of FP/FA based on nanomaterial are discussed. Finally, we provide perspectives on the current challenges and future prospects in this promising field. 相似文献
8.
Chao Han 《Combustion Theory and Modelling》2017,21(4):603-629
Flamelet models for turbulent combustion modelling make use of presumed-shape probability density functions (PDFs) for integrating laminar flamelet solutions to obtain an integrated flamelet table that can readily be used for turbulent flame calculations. The existence of non-unique approaches for such an integration has rarely been investigated before. For the first time, this work studies systematically the non-uniqueness of the flamelet table integration approaches. A flamelet model called the flamelet/progress variable model is used in the study, although the issue exists generally in many other flamelet models. Two classes of table integration approaches are investigated, one preserving the laminar flamelet structures during integration and the other not. Three different table integration approaches are examined and compared in detail to provide a thorough understanding of the different approaches. A partially stirred reactor is used as a test case for examining the different approaches. A method based on the transported PDF method is also employed to provide a reference for the assessment of the different flamelet table integration approaches. It is found in general that the flamelet preserving integration approach yields a more reasonable joint PDF of the mixture fraction and the progress variable, and the prediction results are closer to the referenced transported PDF results. 相似文献
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