全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4474篇 |
免费 | 708篇 |
国内免费 | 901篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 4199篇 |
晶体学 | 31篇 |
力学 | 72篇 |
综合类 | 23篇 |
数学 | 40篇 |
物理学 | 1718篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 46篇 |
2022年 | 132篇 |
2021年 | 215篇 |
2020年 | 214篇 |
2019年 | 208篇 |
2018年 | 159篇 |
2017年 | 197篇 |
2016年 | 162篇 |
2015年 | 246篇 |
2014年 | 262篇 |
2013年 | 347篇 |
2012年 | 290篇 |
2011年 | 344篇 |
2010年 | 293篇 |
2009年 | 334篇 |
2008年 | 312篇 |
2007年 | 356篇 |
2006年 | 286篇 |
2005年 | 276篇 |
2004年 | 264篇 |
2003年 | 215篇 |
2002年 | 141篇 |
2001年 | 95篇 |
2000年 | 127篇 |
1999年 | 80篇 |
1998年 | 69篇 |
1997年 | 60篇 |
1996年 | 56篇 |
1995年 | 35篇 |
1994年 | 46篇 |
1993年 | 37篇 |
1992年 | 35篇 |
1991年 | 24篇 |
1990年 | 19篇 |
1989年 | 12篇 |
1988年 | 17篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有6083条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
近年来,设计和合成高性能非富勒烯受体(NFAs)材料已经成为太阳能电池研究领域的前沿课题。基于DA'D型稠环结构的NFAs由于具有吸光系数高、能级和带隙可调、结构易于修饰、分子可高效合成、光电学性能优异等优点而受到了越来越广泛的关注。在短短7年的时间里,能量转换效率(PCE)从3%~4%提高到18%。2019年初邹应萍等报道了一个优秀的受体分子Y6,与PM6共混制备单结电池,获得了15.7%的能量转换效率。Y6类受体材料的中心给电子单元为DA'D型稠环结构,缺电子单元(A')通过氮原子与两个给电子单元(D)并联形成稠环结构,这有助于降低前线分子轨道能级并增强吸收,同时与氮相连的两个烷基链和位于噻吩并噻吩β位的两个侧链则有助于提高溶解度及调节结晶性。自Y6问世以来,人们对分子的结构剪裁进行了深入的研究,并报道了数十种新的结构。在这些新的受体中,DA'D部分的结构裁剪对提高器件效率和太阳能电池的性能起着至关重要的作用。本文对A'、D单元和侧链结构修饰的研究进展进行了综述。通过选择几组受体,对最近报道的分子进行分类,并将它们的光学、电化学、电学和光电性质与精确的结构修饰相关联,从而对结构-性能关系进行全面概述。 相似文献
2.
Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) has attracted attention as a next-generation light signal because of its carrying more information compared with normal and linearly polarized lights as well as its potential wide application in information fields. Recently, much attention has been paid to small organic molecules-based CPL emitters because of easy synthesis, fine structural modification at molecular level, and tunable wide range emission wavelength. This review highlights the development of small organic molecules-based CPL emitters in the past 5 years (2017–2021). The progress suggests that small organic molecules-based CPL emitters provide a simple and efficient way to generate CPL. 相似文献
3.
Dr. Yolimar Gil Dr. Alejandro Castro-Alvarez Dr. Pablo Fuentealba Prof. Evgenia Spodine Dr. Daniel Aravena 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2022,28(48):e202200336
Enhancement of axial magnetic anisotropy is the central objective to push forward the performance of Single-Molecule Magnet (SMM) complexes. In the case of mononuclear lanthanide complexes, the chemical environment around the paramagnetic ion must be tuned to place strongly interacting ligands along either the axial positions or the equatorial plane, depending on the oblate or prolate preference of the selected lanthanide. One classical strategy to achieve a precise chemical environment for a metal centre is using highly structured, chelating ligands. A natural approach for axial-equatorial control is the employment of macrocycles acting in a belt conformation, providing the equatorial coordination environment, and leaving room for axial ligands. In this review, we present a survey of SMMs based on the macrocycle belt motif. Literature systems are divided in three families (crown ether, Schiff-base and metallacrown) and their general properties in terms of structural stability and SMM performance are briefly discussed. 相似文献
4.
对晶体硅(c-Si)太阳能电池而言, 氧化铝(AlOx)是一种广泛使用的钝化材料, 因为它具有优异的沉积保形性和良好的钝化质量. 为了确保AlOx发挥其良好的钝化效果, 在沉积后退火并氢化处理是必不可少的. 通过在AlOx薄膜上沉积氢化氮化硅(SiNx:H)来实现氢化, 利用开尔文探针力显微镜研究了在不同热处理和氢化作用下, AlOx/SiNx:H双层薄膜功函数的变化, 并基于沉积薄膜所含氢与固定电荷展开了讨论. 发现钝化质量和功函数之间有相关性, 影响因素包括薄膜厚度、氢化与热处理顺序. 相似文献
5.
Bohuai Xiao Jianqiao Dong Zhiye Wang Xu Wang Mingjun Sun Jing Guo Gongming Qian Yunchuan Li Shuai Chang 《Chemphyschem》2022,23(7):e202100833
One important prerequisite for the fabrication of molecular functional device strongly relies on the understanding the conducting behaviors of the metal-molecule-metal junction that can respond to an external stimulus. The model Lewis basic molecule 4,4′-(pyridine-3,5-diyl)dibenzonitrile (DBP), which can react with Lewis acid and protic acid, was synthesized. Then, the molecular conducting behavior of DBP, DBP-B(C6F5)3, and DBP-TfOH (DBP-B(C6F5)3, and DBP-TfOH were produced by Lewis acid and protonic acid treatment of DBP) was researched and compared. Given that their identical physical paths for DBP, DBP-B(C6F5)3, and DBP-TfOH to sustain charge transport, our results indicate that modifying the molecular electronic structure, even not directly changing the conductive physical backbone, can tune the charge transporting ability by nearly one order of magnitude. Furthermore, the addition of another Lewis base triethylamine (of stronger alkaline than DBP), to Lewis acid-base pair reverts the electrical properties back to that of a single DBP junction, that is constructive to propose a useful but simple strategy for the design and construction of reversible and controllable molecular device based on pyridine derived molecule. 相似文献
6.
《Arabian Journal of Chemistry》2022,15(7):103940
Fluoride anion (F?) affects environmental, biological, and chemical processes significantly. Therefore, its detection has received increasing attention, and sensitive, effective, and convenient probes for F? detection need to be developed urgently. In this work, two perylene tetra-(alkoxycarbonyl) (PTAC) based colorimetric and ratiometric probes, P1 and P2, were developed for the detection of F?. The interactions between F? and these two probes were investigated by absorption, electrochemistry, 1H NMR, and density functional methods. Both the two probes were complexed with F? with a ratio of 1:1. The detection limits of P1 and P2 were 0.22 μM and 0.87 μM, respectively. It was worth noting that the absorption peak of P1 showed a 190 nm red shift when sensing F?, and P1 is the largest red shift value reported in F? probes based on PTAC derivatives. This phenomenon was resulted from the unique configuration and deprotonation of P1 that can promote the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). This strategy provides an example for the development of other ion probes based on D-A type ICT mechanism. 相似文献
7.
8.
Guoxing Yin Tingting Niu Ting Yu Yabing Gan Xinyu Sun Peng Yin Haimin Chen Youyu Zhang Haitao Li Shouzhuo Yao 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2019,58(14):4557-4561
Studying numerous biologically important species simultaneously is crucial to understanding cellular functions and the root causes of related diseases. Direct visualization of endogenous biothiols in biological systems is of great value to understanding their biological roles. Herein, a novel multi‐signal fluorescent probe was rationally designed and exploited for the simultaneous sensing of homocysteine (Hcy), cysteine (Cys), and glutathione (GSH) using different emission channels. This probe was successfully applied to the simultaneous discrimination between and visualization of endogenous Hcy, Cys, GSH, and their transformation in living cells. 相似文献
9.
Dr. Yao Zhang Dr. Rui Zhang Dr. Song Jiang Prof. Yang Zhang Prof. Zhen-Chao Dong 《Chemphyschem》2019,20(1):37-41
Determining the adsorption configurations of organic molecules on surfaces, especially for relatively small molecules, is a key issue for understanding the microscopic physical and chemical processes in surface science. In this work, we have applied low-temperature ultrahigh-vacuum tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS) technique to distinguish the configurations of small 4,4′-bipyridine (44BPY) molecules adsorbed on the Ag(111) surface. The observed Raman spectra exhibit notable differences in the spectral features which can be assigned to three different molecular orientations, each featuring a specific fingerprint pattern based on the TERS selection rule that determines the distribution of the relative intensities of different vibrational peaks. Furthermore, such a small molecule can in turn act as a local probe to provide information on the local electric field distribution at the tip apex. Our work showcases the capability of TERS technique for obtaining information on adsorption configurations of small molecules on surfaces down to the single-molecule level, which is of fundamental importance for many applications in the fields of molecular science and surface chemistry. 相似文献
10.
ABSTRACTInteractions of cycloheptatriene derivatives, C7H6X, (X?=?NH, PH, AsH, O, S, Se) with the cations H+, CH3+, Cu+, Al+, Li+, Na+, and K+ are studied using B3LYP functional and 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The calculated gas-phase cation affinities (CA) and cation basicities (CB) for all molecules decrease as H+ > CH3+ > Cu+ > Al+ > Li+ > Na+ > K+. We used the induced aromaticity in the 7-membered ring of C7H6X upon interaction with the cations, M+, as a measure of C7H6X/M+ interaction. Nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) and harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA) were used as two indices of aromaticity. The highest and lowest induced aromaticities were observed for interactions of H+ and K+, respectively. Also, the aromaticity induced by interaction with a cation in C7H6AsH and C7H6PH was larger than that in C7H6NH and C7H6O. Hence, the aromaticity was considered as a measure of covalency for the C7H6X/M+ interactions showing a rational dependence on both the molecule and cation. The nature of the interactions was also assessed using electron density, charge distribution analysis and NBO calculations. The results of the aromaticity indices, NICS and HOMA, were compared with the electron density and NBO results. 相似文献