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1.
The features of rock-forming elements determination in powder samples of peat sediments are considered. Based on theoretical calculations and experimental data, the mineralogical and particle size effects on the X-ray fluorescence intensity have been estimated. For routine analysis, powder rock samples are usually milled to a particle size of 10–60 μm. Theoretically, estimated variations of rock-forming elements analytical lines intensities in different minerals are up to 30%, and the particle size effect cannot be eliminated simultaneously for all rock-forming elements. Experimental estimation shows that the impossibility of the particle size distribution control can lead to significant variations in the intensities of the analytical lines (3%–18%) that is mainly corresponding to theoretical estimation. Fine milling allowed us to achieve an average particle size of fewer than 20 μm and reduce the measurement uncertainty by 1.5–2 times. 12 samples of peat sediments with organic matter content up to 70 wt% were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence analysis using different sample preparation techniques, as well as by certified methods. The accuracy of X-ray fluorescence analysis of peat sediments prepared as pressed pellets varies from 1.5 to 11 rel% depending on compound contents. It is more than for samples prepared as fused beads, however, the proposed method can be used to determine the variations of rock-forming elements contents in peat sediments where the content variations exceed the measurement uncertainty, and accuracy of analysis is sufficient for further paleoecological reconstructions.  相似文献   
2.
对微结构的制作、微装配系统进行了研究. 采用飞秒激光双光子聚合微加工技术制作有底座、精细的三维立体“拱形”微结构, 其高250μm、长300μm、厚50μm. 将此微结构与实验室自主搭建的二维微装配平台相结合, 利用自主编程的人机交互界面驱动步进电机, 远程操控微装配设备; 将荧光闪烁陶瓷粉末装配到微结构中, 对装配后的微结构进行荧光光谱表征发现, 纯荧光粉末和微结构中的荧光粉末的发射光谱在测量误差范围内基本一致, 表明荧光粉末的光学性质未发生改变. 利用该装置可以将各类微纳米级材料和微结构进行装配, 形成含有不同材料的微结构系统.  相似文献   
3.
Ethnopharmacological relevanceMetabolic syndrome is closely related to the intestinal microbiota and disturbances in the host metabolome. Hyperuricemia (HUA), a manifestation of metabolic syndrome, can induce various cardiovascular diseases and gout, seriously affecting a patient’s quality of life. Astragalus membranaceus has a long history as a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine to treat kidney disease in China and East Asia.Materials and methodsWe compared the therapeutic effect of benzbromarone and two different doses Astragalus membranaceus ultrafine powder (AMUP) in rats with HUA. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer was used to analyze the AMUP metabolism in the plasma, urine, and feces. Further, 16S ribosome RNA sequencing and feces metabolomic were performed to capture the variation of the gut microbiota and metabolites changes before and after drug administration.ResultsAMUP had a notable impact on reducing blood uric acid levels while protecting the liver and kidney. Drug metabolism analysis demonstrated that effective constituent flavonoids are distributed in the blood, whereas saponins remain in the intestine. Gut microbiota analysis showed that low-dose AMUP ameliorated HUA-induced gut dysbiosis by reducing the abundance of harmful bacteria and increasing that of some beneficial bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties, such as Clostridia, Lachnospiraceae, and Muribaculaceae. In addition, HUA-induced changes in metabolite contents in bile acid and adrenal hormone biosynthesis pathways were restored after treatment with AMUP.ConclusionLow-dose AMUP exerts remarkable therapeutic effects on HUA by regulating the gut microbiome and mediating gut metabolism pathways associated with uric acid excretion.  相似文献   
4.
以六水合氯化锶(SrCl2·6H2O)和碳酸氢铵(NH4HCO3)为原料,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)为表面活性剂,采用阴离子表面活性剂辅助固相球磨法制备纳米碳酸锶微球。样品采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、能谱仪(EDX)、X-射线衍射仪、红外光谱FTIR、热重仪和差示扫描仪联用(TG—DSC)等手段表征。结果表明:所制备的碳酸锶样品的形貌为球形,粒度为30~70 nm,晶相为斜方晶系文石型结构,具有粒径小、分布窄、分散性好、纯度高的优点。  相似文献   
5.
Two new divalent copper (C1) and zinc (C2) chelates having the formulae [M(PIMC)2] (where M = Cu(II), Zn(II) and PIMC = Ligand [(E)-3-(((3-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)imino)methyl)-4H-chromen-4-one] were obtained and characterized by several techniques. Structures and geometries of the synthesized complexes were judged based on the results of alternative analytical and spectral tools supporting the proposed formulae. IR spectral data confirmed the coordination of the ligands to the copper and zinc centers as monobasic tridentate in the enol form. Thermal analysis, UV-Vis spectra and magnetic moment confirmed the geometry around the copper center to be tetrahedral, square pyramidal and octahedral. Study of the binding ability of the synthesized compounds with Circulating tumor DNA (CT-DNA) bas been evaluated applying UV-Vis spectral titration and viscosity measurements. The copper and zinc oxides were achieved from the copper and zinc nano-particles structures Schiff base complexes as the raw material after calcination for 5 hr at 600°C. On the other hand, synthesized of C1 and C2 NPs were used as suitable precursors to the preparation of CuO and ZnO NPs. Finally, the synthesized of the two complexes exhibited enhanced activity against the tested bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia Coli) and fungal strains (Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus) as compared to HPIMC. Among all these synthesized compounds, C1 exhibits good cleaving ability compared to other newly synthesized C2.  相似文献   
6.
Using aqueous extraction of red sanders powder as a reducing agent, silver and copper bimetallic nanoparticles were in situ generated in cotton fabrics. Silver and copper nanoparticles were also generated separately for comparison. The resulted nanocomposite cotton fabrics (NCFs) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and antibacterial tests. SEM analysis indicated the generation of more number of nanoparticles when bimetallic source solutions were used. Further, the size range of the generated bimetallic nanoparticles was found to be lower than when individual metal nanoparticles were generated in NCFs. XRD analysis confirmed the in situ generation of silver and copper nanoparticles when equimolar bimetallic salt source solutions were utilized. The NCFs with bimetallic nanoparticles exhibited higher antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and hence can be considered for applications as antibacterial bed and dressing materials.  相似文献   
7.
A new crystalline form of αβ‐d ‐lactose prepared by oven drying a concentrated aqueous solution of d ‐lactose is a lesson in the power of observation and the rigorous analysis of powder samples.  相似文献   
8.
蛋白粉是健身者必备的营养补剂,市场需求在不断增加,一些不法商家为了谋取利益,在蛋白粉中加入廉价的粉末售卖。传统的蛋白粉掺杂的检测方法费时、费力,操作复杂,且成本昂贵。高光谱技术具有易于操作、在不损害实验样本的情况下可快速检测等优点,因此,提出使用高光谱技术以实现蛋白粉掺假检测。在蛋白粉中分别加入质量百分数5%~60%,浓度间隔5%的三类掺假物(玉米粉、大米粉和小麦粉),并采集所有样本的光谱信息。在对蛋白粉中的玉米粉、大米粉和小麦粉三类掺假物进行定性判别时,首先分别采用卷积平滑(SG)、标准化(Normalize)、多元散射校正法(MSC)、基线校正(Baseline)和标准正态变换(SNV)的预处理方法对光谱数据进行处理,然后建立基于主成分回归(PCR)、反向传播神经网络(BPNN)和随机森林(RF)的模型,其中基于全波段光谱MSC预处理方法下建立的RF模型最优,其整体准确率达到了100%,其对应的RP和RMSEP分别为0.997 9和0.018 9。在对蛋白粉中不同掺假物浓度进行定量分析时,对三类掺假样本的光谱分别进行SG,Normalize,MSC,Baseline和SNV的预处理,并建立LSSVM模型;比较不同预处理方法下的各模型之间的性能,在蛋白粉中掺玉米粉、大米粉和小麦粉的LSSVM预测模型最佳预处理方法分别是无、Baseline和Normalize,然后,采用连续投影算法(SPA)和竞争性自适应重加权算法(CARS)对其筛选,并建立LSSVM模型,三类掺假样本的SPA-LSSVM模型对应的RP为0.989 0,0.986 0和0.997 9,CARS-LSSVM模型对应的RP为0.991 0,0.994 6和0.999 1,故三类掺假样本的CARS-LSSVM模型预测效果更佳。研究表明:高光谱技术可以实现对蛋白粉掺假的定性、定量的检测,并且操作简单、检测快速和无损。  相似文献   
9.
均匀性是标准物质三大特性之一。X射线荧光光谱法(XRF),精密度高,可实现多元素同时分析,是地球化学标准物质均匀性检验重要方法之一。目前,应用XRF对标准物质进行均匀性检验还存在争议。由于均匀性检验要求称样量为最小取样量,一般地球化学标准物质的最小取样量为0.1 g,而采用粉末压片-XRF进行均匀性检验时称样量为4 g左右,得到的结果在理论上不足以支撑样品在最小取样量条件下是否均匀。本研究改变了以往压片模具的大小,采用0.1 g样品粉末压片法制样,在对仪器条件进行优化的基础上,选取了3个土壤(GBW07425,GBW07428,GBW07388)和3个水系沉积物(GBW07375,GBW07378,GBW07379)标准物质,每个标准物质取15瓶,每瓶取样2份,共制样片30个,对SiO2,Al2O3,TFe2O3,MgO,CaO,Na2O,K2O,Mn,Ti和P共10个主量组分进行了均匀性检验,根据单因素方差分析的F值、测定值的标准偏差(s)和相对标准偏差(RSD)综合判定样品的均匀性。通过理论计算,在样品照射半径为5 mm的条件下,所测10个主量组分的最小取样量小于0.1 g。0.1 g压片测定结果表明,本研究中的方法准确度高,相对误差小于16%,精密度高,相对标准偏差不超过4.3%,F值小于临界值,标准物质的均匀性良好。在最小取样量为0.1 g的条件下,应用X-射线荧光光谱法进行均匀性检验,不仅能够解决地球化学标准物质均匀性检验中长期存在的争议问题,还可为X-射线荧光光谱法在其他领域的应用提供技术支持。  相似文献   
10.
Marine fishery wastes such as bivalve shells, crab shells and cuttlebone are rich in calcium. Calcium carbonate derived from these materials can be transformed into calcium oxide by calcination, which is used in a wide variety of applications (e.g., biomaterials for bone and teeth implants and drugs). In this study we analyze the effects of calcination temperatures (550 °C, 700 °C and 900 °C) on characteristics and elemental composition of calcium oxide derived from shells of four marine species collected in Thailand: oyster (Saccostrea cucullata), green mussel (Perna viridis), blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus), and cuttlefish (Sepia brevimana). The XRD patterns indicated the complete transformation of calcium carbonate into calcium oxide, observed by the changes of diffraction angles at 900 °C for all calcined samples, except cuttlebone, which was calcined successfully at 700 °C. Likewise, the FT-IR results revealed changes of functional groups at the same calcination temperatures. In addition, ICP-OES showed the effects of calcination temperature on elemental contents: major elements (Ca, P and K) increased in all samples, and some minor elements increased in blue swimming crab shell (Zn and Cu) and oyster shell (Fe) as a result of increasing the calcination temperature. This study demonstrates the optimum calcination temperature of calcium oxide production from four types of marine wastes that might be benefit for the chemical compound production industry.  相似文献   
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