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1.
上转换发光是一种将长波长的激发光转化为短波长发射的反斯托克斯发光现象,三线态-三线态湮灭上转换(TTA-UC)能够在较低密度能量下被激发,且上转换量子产率高,因此获得研究者们广泛关注。关于敏化剂分子结构与上转换发光性能相关性的研究一直是TTA-UC研究领域的重要热点,选择两种代表性的卟啉钯光敏剂[PdOEP-八乙基卟啉钯(Ⅱ)和PdBrTPP-四溴苯基卟啉钯(Ⅱ)]与蒽衍生物9,10-(4-羟甲基)苯基蒽p-DHMPA发光剂组合上转换体系作为研究模型,通过一系列合成工作获得材料分子后,进一步比较两种敏化剂的光谱性质与体系最终上转换性能之间关系。通过细致研究敏化剂和发光剂的荧光发射和寿命等光谱性质对敏化剂系间窜越,三线态-三线态能量转移及三线态-三线态湮灭等能量传递过程的影响后,发现在532 nm处的摩尔吸光系数PdBrTPP (10.8 cm-1·mmol-1)大于PdOEP (3.0 cm-1·mmol-1);三线态寿命PdBrTPP (173.13 μs)大于PdOEP (109.21 μs)。但与p-DHMPA配对时光敏剂与发光剂的三线态能级差ΔETT,PdOEP (0.140 eV)却高于PdBrTPP (0.062 eV),通过Stern-Volmer方程得到Stern-Volmer猝灭常数KSV和双分子猝灭常数kq值也是PdOEP略高,最终表现出上转换阈值PdOEP/p-DHMPA (22.40 mW·cm-2)小于PdBrTPP/p-DHMPA (29.78 mW·cm-2),上转换发光效率ΦUC,PdOEP/p-DHMPA (28.3%)大于PdBrTPP/p-DHMPA (26.8%)。因此,卟啉钯敏化剂的构效对三重态湮灭上转换发光效率影响最为重要的决定因素是敏化剂三线态高低。对于不同的敏化剂,在分子主体结构、摩尔吸光系数与三线态寿命等光谱参数差别不大的情况下,敏化剂的三线态能级越高,就将会具有更大的上转换发光效率。然而如果以总上转换能力指标来评价,PdBrTPP的共轭结构能够提升其在激发波长处吸收更多光子的能力,具有比PdOEP更高的摩尔吸光系数,造成其总上转换能力η比PdOEP高3.4倍。因此从上转换总效能指标来评价,通过敏化剂分子设计调控其在激发光波长处的摩尔吸光系数也不失为一种简单易行的方法。  相似文献   
2.
Ou-Zheng Xiao 《中国物理 B》2022,31(8):88401-088401
To reduce the energy demand and operation cost for circular electron positron collider (CEPC), the high efficiency klystrons are being developed at Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. A 800-kW continuous wave (CW) klystron operating at frequency of 650-MHz has been designed. The results of beam-wave interaction simulation with several different codes are presented. The efficiency is optimized to be 65% with a second harmonic cavity in three-dimensional (3D) particle-in-cell code CST. The effect of cavity frequency error and mismatch load on efficiency of klystron have been investigated. The design and cold test of reentrant cavities are described, which meet the requirements of RF section design. So far, the manufacturing and high-power test of the first klystron prototype have been completed. When the gun operated at DC voltage of 80 kV and current of 15.4 A, the klystron peak power reached 804 kW with output efficiency of about 65.3% at 40% duty cycle. The 1-dB bandwidth is ±0.8 MHZ. Due to the crack of ceramic window, the CW power achieved about 700 kW. The high-power test results are in good agreement with 3D simulation.  相似文献   
3.
Vitamin E, a natural antioxidant, is of interest to scientists, health care pundits and faddists; its nutritional and biomedical attributes may be validated, anecdotal or fantasy. Vitamin E is a mixture of tocopherols (TPs) and tocotrienols (T-3s), each class having four substitutional isomers (α-, β-, γ-, δ-). Vitamin E analogues attain only low concentrations in most tissues, necessitating exacting invasive techniques for analytical research. Quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) with an F-18-labeled molecular probe would expedite access to Vitamin E’s biodistributions and pharmacokinetics via non-invasive temporal imaging. (R)-6-(3-[18F]Fluoropropoxy)-2,7,8-trimethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-3,7,11-trien-1-yl)-chromane ([18F]F-γ-T-3) was prepared for this purpose. [18F]F-γ-T-3 was synthesized from γ-T-3 in two steps: (i) 1,3-di-O-tosylpropane was introduced at C6-O to form TsO-γ-T-3, and (ii) reaction of this tosylate with [18F]fluoride in DMF/K222. Non-radioactive F-γ-T-3 was synthesized by reaction of γ-T-3 with 3-fluoropropyl methanesulfonate. [18F]F-γ-T-3 biodistribution in a murine tumor model was imaged using a small-animal PET scanner. F-γ-T-3 was prepared in 61% chemical yield. [18F]F-γ-T-3 was synthesized in acceptable radiochemical yield (RCY 12%) with high radiochemical purity (>99% RCP) in 45 min. Preliminary F-18 PET images in mice showed upper abdominal accumulation with evidence of renal clearance, only low concentrations in the thorax (lung/heart) and head, and rapid clearance from blood. [18F]F-γ-T-3 shows promise as an F-18 PET tracer for detailed in vivo studies of Vitamin E. The labeling procedure provides acceptable RCY, high RCP and pertinence to all eight Vitamin E analogues.  相似文献   
4.
Organotrifluoroborates solvolyze in water at rates that vary over five orders of magnitude. The negative logarithm of the solvolytic rate constant, pk(B?F), correlates exceptionally well with the pKa of the analogous carboxylic acid (R2=0.984). This unforeseen correlation may be of predictive value for several applications including Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions and the design of 18F‐organotrifluoroborate radioprosthetic groups.  相似文献   
5.
采用传统降温法从不同程度氘化(x=0, 0.51, 0.85)的生长溶液中生长氘化KH2PO4(KDP) 晶体, 利用正电子湮没技术(正电子寿命谱和多普勒展宽谱)、结合X射线衍射谱(XRD) 结构分析, 对KDP晶体氘化生长的微观缺陷进行了研究, 讨论了氘化程度对晶体内部微观结构特性、缺陷类型和浓度的影响. XRD结果显示晶胞参数a, b值随氘含量的增加而增加, c值无明显变化; 正电子寿命谱结果发现随着氘化浓度的提高, KDP晶体内部中性填隙缺陷以及氧缺陷不断增加, 引起晶体晶格畸变; 氢空位、K空位、杂质替位缺陷不断发生缔合反应形成复合缺陷, 缺陷浓度不断减少; 团簇、微空洞等大尺寸缺陷也在不断发生聚合反应, 缺陷浓度表现为不断减少. 多普勒实验结果表明随着氘化程度的提升, 晶体内部各类缺陷表现为同步变化. 实验结果表明, KDP晶体在低浓度氘化生长(50%以内)下缺陷反应较弱, 而在高浓度氘化(50%以上)下的缺陷反应显著增强.  相似文献   
6.
2,2-bistrifluoromethyl-4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxole-co-tetrafluoroethylene (PDD-TFE) copolymer is a good candidate to prepare gas separation membranes with excellent permeability due to its free volume characteristics. However, the influence of PDD-TFE copolymer structure on its free volume characteristics is less studied. In this paper, PDD-TFE copolymers with different compositions and molecular weights were synthesized, and their free volume characteristics were analyzed by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and a molecular dynamics simulation. It indicated that the molar fraction of PDD in copolymers had a significant effect on free volume characteristics, while the molecular weight of copolymers exerted a slight influence on free volume when the molecular weight exceeded a critical region (intrinsic viscosity [η] > 68 ml g−1). PDD-TFE copolymers with greater PDD molar fractions (i.e., 72% and 84%) showed bimodal distributions in positron lifetime and free volume size distributions, while PDD-TFE copolymers with lower PDD molar fractions (i.e., 27% and 35%) exhibited a single peak. The long-lifetime parameter τ3 was assigned to micro-cavities formed by [-(TFE)y-PDD-] segments and τ4 was attributed to micro-cavities formed by [-(PDD)x-TFE-] segments. The cis and trans transitions of PDD led to a local multilayer spiral structure with a 2.6–4.3 Å layer spacing, which would also increase the free volume of copolymers.  相似文献   
7.
The free volume holes of a shape memory polymer have been analyzed considering that the empty space between molecules is necessary for the molecular motion, and the shape memory response is based on polymer segments acting as molecular switches through variable flexibility with temperature or other stimuli. Therefore, thermomechanical analysis (TMA) and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) have been applied to analyze shape recovery and free volume hole sizes in gamma‐irradiated polycyclooctene (PCO) samples, as a noncytotoxic alternative to more conventional PCO crosslinked via peroxide for future applications in medicine. Thus, a first approach relating structure, free volume holes and shape memory properties in gamma‐irradiated PCO is presented. The results suggest that free volume holes caused by gamma irradiation in PCO samples facilitate the recovery process by improving movement of polymer chains and open possibilities for the design and control of the macroscopic response. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015 , 53, 1080–1088  相似文献   
8.
Target-specific biomolecules, monoclonal antibodies (mAb), proteins, and protein fragments are known to have high specificity and affinity for receptors associated with tumors and other pathological conditions. However, the large biomolecules have relatively intermediate to long circulation half-lives (>day) and tumor localization times. Combining superior target specificity of mAbs and high sensitivity and resolution of the PET (Positron Emission Tomography) imaging technique has created a paradigm-shifting imaging modality, ImmunoPET. In addition to metallic PET radionuclides, 124I is an attractive radionuclide for radiolabeling of mAbs as potential immunoPET imaging pharmaceuticals due to its physical properties (decay characteristics and half-life), easy and routine production by cyclotrons, and well-established methodologies for radioiodination. The objective of this report is to provide a comprehensive review of the physical properties of iodine and iodine radionuclides, production processes of 124I, various 124I-labeling methodologies for large biomolecules, mAbs, and the development of 124I-labeled immunoPET imaging pharmaceuticals for various cancer targets in preclinical and clinical environments. A summary of several production processes, including 123Te(d,n)124I, 124Te(d,2n)124I, 121Sb(α,n)124I, 123Sb(α,3n)124I, 123Sb(3He,2n)124I, natSb(α, xn)124I, natSb(3He,n)124I reactions, a detailed overview of the 124Te(p,n)124I reaction (including target selection, preparation, processing, and recovery of 124I), and a fully automated process that can be scaled up for GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) production of large quantities of 124I is provided. Direct, using inorganic and organic oxidizing agents and enzyme catalysis, and indirect, using prosthetic groups, 124I-labeling techniques have been discussed. Significant research has been conducted, in more than the last two decades, in the development of 124I-labeled immunoPET imaging pharmaceuticals for target-specific cancer detection. Details of preclinical and clinical evaluations of the potential 124I-labeled immunoPET imaging pharmaceuticals are described here.  相似文献   
9.
高能自旋极化正负电子束与偏振伽马射线在高能物理、实验室天体物理与核物理等领域有十分重要的应用.近年来随着超短超强激光脉冲技术的快速发展,利用强激光与物质相互作用的非线性康普顿散射和多光子Breit-Wheeler过程为制备高极化度、高束流密度的高能极化粒子束提供了新的可能.本文对基于强激光产生高能极化正负电子束与偏振伽马射线的研究成果进行简要回顾,并介绍了这些方法的基本物理原理和主要结果.  相似文献   
10.
《中国物理C(英文版)》2022,46(11):113002-113002-11
The integrated luminosities of data samples collected in the BESIII experiment in 2016–2017 at center-of-mass energies between 4.19 and 4.28 GeV are measured with a precision better than 1% by analyzing large-angle Bhabha scattering events. The integrated luminosities of old datasets collected in 2010–2014 are updated by considering corrections related to detector performance, offsetting the effect of newly discovered readout errors in the electromagnetic calorimeter, which can haphazardly occur.  相似文献   
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