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1.
To remove methylene blue dye from water by adsorption, bentonites were modified by polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) and three kind of quaternary ammonium surfactants (dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, tetrabutyl ammonium bromide, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide) in aqueous solution. Systematic adsorption experiments were carried out, the adsorption mechanism was studied, and the factors governing the adsorption of methylene blue on modified bentonite were discussed. The adsorption capacity of methylene blue on all three modified bentonites in 1000 mg·L−1 solutions quickly reached equilibrium within 2000 s, and the removal rate was basically 100%; however, the removal rate in raw bentonite samples was only 60%. The pseudo second-order kinetic model can provide satisfactory kinetic data fitting. The obtained adsorption isotherms fit well with the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model. The thermodynamic results showed that the adsorption process was a spontaneous endothermic physical adsorption process. With increasing pH and KCl concentration, the removal of methylene blue increased significantly. The results of this study confirmed that the modified bentonite is a candidate material as a cationic dye adsorbent.  相似文献   
2.
以两个形状杂化分子(Shape Hybrid Molecules)为目标分子,研究了它们在气液界面上形成Langmuir膜的过程和Langmuir-Blodgett(LB)膜的聚集态结构,杂化分子是由Wells-Dawson型磷钨氧簇(Polyoxometalates,POMs)和T_8型的倍半硅氧烷簇(Polyhedral Oligosilsesquioxane,POSS),通过对苯二甲酸有机连接链(OL)用共价键构筑的具有杂化性质和哑铃形状的簇-簇杂化分子[POM-OL-POSS).这两种杂化分子的差别在于POSS段中,外围有机基团的尺寸不同,在实验中,采用Langmuir和LB膜技术,了解POSS外围的七个取代基变化导致的分子尺寸变化对Langmuir膜形成过程和LB膜结构的影响,采用Langmuir技术测定了表面压-平均分子面积(π-A)等温曲线和π-A循环等温曲线,跟踪并研究了这两个杂化分子在水表面上形成Langmuir膜的过程,实验结果表明,两个杂化分子都表现出良好的两亲性,从气相变化到固相的过程中,杂化分子经历了从分散到集中的过程,将这些膜转移到基片上,得到单层的LB膜,再利用原子力显微镜(AFM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究了LB膜的表面形貌和聚集态结构.由于POM段中含有钨和钒金属,可以直接用TEM观察聚集态结构,发现了在气-液和液-固相转变过程中,LB膜中杂化分子的聚集态结构都呈现涨落特征,一种凝聚态物理中由相转变导致结构涨落的重要物理现象,本研究获得的结果能够帮助我们以及这个领域的研究者们继续优化杂化分子的结构,进一步构筑具有有序结构的膜和本体材料。  相似文献   
3.
Electrospun nonwovens of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) modified with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and linear ladder-like poly(silsesquioxane) with methoxycarbonyl side groups (LPSQ-COOMe) were obtained. MWCNT and LPSQ-COOMe were added to the polymer solution before the electrospinning. In addition, nonwovens of PLLA grafted to modified MWCNT were electrospun. All modified nonwovens exhibited higher tensile strength than the neat PLA nonwoven. The addition of 10 wt.% of LPSQ-COOMe and 0.1 wt.% of MWCNT to PLLA increased the tensile strength of the nonwovens 2.4 times, improving also the elongation at the maximum stress.  相似文献   
4.
This study aimed to determine the solubility and temperature dependence of methanol and ethanol vapor caused by the difference in the substituents of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)-containing polymethacrylate membranes and the spacer length between the backbone and POSS backbone. Vapor sorption of methanol and ethanol was measured at 25°C, 35°C, and 45°C for three kinds of POSS-containing polymer membranes, namely, poly(methacryl isobutyl POSS), poly(methacrylate isobutyl POSS), and poly(methacryl phenyl POSS). The primary structures of the three POSS-containing polymer chains were columnar. The solubility of alcohol vapor on the POSS-containing polymer membranes followed the mechanism of solid adsorption and not the general dissolution diffusion. The sorption amount at all three temperatures was related to the surface area of the cylindrical primary structure and the solid adsorption property of the alcohol molecule of the POSS substituent. The sorption amount increased because of the large surface area and adsorption property of alcohol molecules. Although a typical glassy polymer shows exothermic mixing and a rubbery polymer displays endothermic mixing, the sample with the POSS substituent of isobutyl group exhibited an unusual behavior of endothermic mixing despite being a glassy polymer.  相似文献   
5.
The design of porous materials for the recognition of multiple hydrocarbons is highly desirable for the energy-efficient separation and recognition of chemical feedstock. Herein, three new iso-structural porous discrete metal–organic cages of formula {[Pd3(NiPr)3PO]4(R-AN)6} (R-AN=anilate linkers) for the selective recognition of substituted aromatic hydrocarbons are reported. The tetrahedral cages 1 , 2 , and 3 containing anilate, chloranilate, and bromanilate linkers exhibited selective encapsulation of mesitylene, o-xylene, and p-xylene, respectively, over other analogous aromatic hydrocarbons. These selective encapsulations were driven by the variations in the portal diameters present at each of these cages and their interactions with the hydrocarbon guests. These observations are supported by mass spectrometry, NMR studies, and theoretical binding-energy calculations.  相似文献   
6.
In the present research, the synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, and structural investigations of a unique ZnII complex of imine-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) is designed, and hereby described, as a catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2. The uncommon features of the designed catalytic system is the elimination of the need for a high pressure of CO2 and the significant shortening of reaction times commonly associated with such difficult transformations like that of styrene oxide to styrene carbonate. Our studies have shown that imine-POSS is able to chelate metal ions like ZnII to form a unique coordination complex. The silsesquioxane core and the hindrance of the side arms (their steric effect) influence the construction process of the homoleptic Zn4@POSS-1 complex. The compound was characterized in solution by NMR (1H, 13C, 29Si), ESI-MS, UV/Vis spectroscopy and in the solid state by thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), elemental analysis, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CP MAS) NMR (13C, 29Si) spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography.  相似文献   
7.
We present an efficient algorithm for finding the shortest path joining two points in a sequence of triangles in three-dimensional space using the concept of funnels associated with common edges along the sequence of triangles and the planar unfolding for each funnel. We show that the unfolded image of a funnel is a simple polygon, it thus is non-overlapping. Therefore, such funnels are determined iteratively to their associated common edges by the planar unfolding and the shortest path joining two points is determined by cusps of these funnels.  相似文献   
8.
For curvilinear Lipschitz polyhedral domains Ω, explicit characterizations of the tangential trace spaces of H 1(Ω) are presented. These extend the original characterizations given by Buffa and Ciarlet that hold on Lipschitz polyhedral domains with plane faces. The tangential trace spaces of H 1(Ω) are fundamental for the definition, analysis and intuitive understanding of the trace spaces of H ( curl ,Ω) and therefore, more general characterizations of the latter are obtained at the same time. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
9.
对于具有复杂几何形态的多面体单元,线性接触模型不能准确地计算不同接触模式下的作用力,且接触变形和作用力方向也不易判断.基于闵可夫斯基和(Minkowski sum)方法的扩展多面体单元能够准确描述非规则颗粒单元的几何形态,并可精确计算单元间的接触碰撞作用.该方法具有接触判断简单、计算效率高的特点.它将基本多面体和扩展球体相叠加以形成具有光滑棱边和角点的扩展多面体单元.考虑扩展多面体单元相互作用过程中角点、棱边和平面之间的不同接触模式,发展了相应的非线性黏弹性接触模型. 该接触模型将不同接触模型下的法向刚度统一表述为单元接触中接触点处等效曲率半径的函数;黏滞力和切向弹性力接触模型则借鉴球体单元非线性接触模型的处理方法. 为检验扩展多面体的可靠性,对碎冰区冰块对圆桩结构的冰载荷进行了离散元分析. 采用沃洛诺伊(Voronoi)切割算法获得了碎冰的初始随机分布状态,并考虑了海冰在运动过程中的海水浮力和拖曳力.计算表明该扩展多面体单元可描述海冰在海流拖曳下的运动过程以及圆桩结构的动冰力特性.在此基础上进一步分析了冰速和冰块尺寸对圆桩冰力的影响,并确定了冰力在圆桩上的分布规律. 最后,讨论了目前扩展多面体单元在计算冰载荷方面的局限性和改进方法.  相似文献   
10.
通过笼型八氯丙基倍半硅氧烷(POSS-Cl)与4-羟基二苯甲酮(HBP)的反应得到一种新型夺氢型大分子光引发剂(POSS-HBP),利用磁共振谱和红外光谱对其分子结构进行表征.通过实时红外光谱比较研究了光引发剂HBP与POSS-HBP在紫外光照下引发1,6-已二醇二丙烯酸酯(HDDA)的聚合性能.同时,分别考察了POSSHBP和供氢体N,N-二甲基苯胺(DMA)的浓度对HDDA光聚合速率的影响,当POSS-HBP的质量分数为1.0%(以HBP计),供氢体(DMA)的质量分数为3.0%时,HDDA的光聚合只需要8s,较相同情况下HBP光引发聚合缩短了4s.同时,该聚合材料还具有抗黄变及基本无气味等优点.  相似文献   
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