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Swelling and shrinking of polyacid gels is accompanied by forming and breaking of hydrogen bonds yielding additional crosslinks of the polymer network. Continuous forming and breaking of hydrogen bonds even in equilibrium gives rise to viscoelastic behaviour. Based on molecular considerations a two-network model has been developed to describe microstructural changes under a uniaxial load. A phenomenological theory is presented which describes the temporal evolution of viscoelastic processes. By this approach the number of adjustable parameters can be reduced considerably compared to the Kelvin or Maxwell model.Received: 11 November 2002, Accepted: 10 February 2003, Published online: 27 June 2003 相似文献
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Pioglitazone Hydrochloride (PG) is an insulin-sensitizing drug and is indicated for the treatment of type II diabetes. In this study, newly molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensors were constructed for the potentiometric determination of PG in the pharmaceutical formulations (Diabetonorm® 45 and 15 mg) with high accuracy and precision. The MIP particles (ionophore) were prepared by using the PG drug as a template, acrylamide (AC) or methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimthacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross-linker. The best MIP was synthesized from AC as a functional monomer, AC-MIP. The best sensor (CPEs) was formulated from graphite (47 wt%) as a carbon source, AC-MIP (5 wt.%) as an ionophore, PMA (1 wt%) as an ion-exchanger, DNPOE (47 wt.%) as a conductive oil so-called plasticizer. The best CPE electrode exhibited response slope to the Nernstian slope of 63.0 mV Decade−1, linear dynamic range of 10−8–10−4 M with the detection limit of 1.0×10−8 M, along with high reversibility, short response time 30 sec, and a long lifetime. The constructed biosensors showed high selectivity against similar interfering species (e. g. arabinose, galactose, lactose, maltose, glucose, Ba2+, Cu2+, Na+, Zn2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Ca2+, NH4+). 相似文献
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以双氧水(H2O2)-硫酸亚铁(FeSO4)为氧化还原引发剂,丙烯酸(AA)和马来酸酐(MAH)为单体,采用原位一步法制备了宽分子量分布的P(MAH-co-AA)。通过测定P(MAH-coAA)和木质素磺酸盐(LS)缩聚反应产物的凝胶含量,研究了P(MAH-co-AA)中单体组成、胶黏剂酸度和添加三乙醇胺(TEA)等因素对交联的影响,比较了木质素磺酸钠(LSS)和木质素磺酸铵(LSA)两种LS的反应活性。结果表明:木质素磺酸盐能代替部分多元醇与共聚物制备低成本无甲醛型木材用胶黏剂;提高共聚物P(MAH-co-AA)中MAH含量、胶黏剂酸度及采用LSA均能提高固化交联的程度。 相似文献
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Biodegradable polycarbonates containing side carboxyl groups—synthesis,properties, and degradation study 下载免费PDF全文
Joanna Jaworska Michal Kawalec Malgorzata Pastusiak Katarzyna Reczynska Henryk Janeczek Kamila Lewicka Elzbieta Pamula Piotr Dobrzynski 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2017,55(17):2756-2769
The main objective of the presented research was to synthesise biodegradable aliphatic polycarbonates containing reactive carboxyl pendant groups and to examine the influence of the copolymer chain microstructure and composition on the process of their hydrolytic degradation and cytocompatibility. The work describes copolymerization of cyclic trimethylene carbonate derivative containing benzyl‐ester pendant group (benzyl 5‐methyl‐2‐oxo‐1,3‐dioxane‐5‐carboxylate) with trimethylene carbonate. The copolymerization was conducted with the use of zinc (II) and lanthanum (III) acetylacetonates as ring‐opening polymerization coordination initiators. Detailed NMR analysis allowed to define the microstructure of the obtained copolymers, which depended on the composition and type of used initiator. The final tapered chain microstructure of the obtained copolymers was related to huge differences in comonomers reactivity and evidenced low level of transesterification of the main copolymer backbone. Chosen copolymers, with unprotected carbonyl groups, were subjected to in vitro degradation test and cytocompatibility studies. It was found that high concentration of carboxyl groups resulted in copolymers which formed hydrogels and were very prone to hydrolytic degradation; they were also cytotoxic toward osteoblast‐like MG 63 cells. Copolymers with lower content of carboxyl groups were found less susceptible to degradation and cytocompatible with studied cells. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55, 2756–2769 相似文献
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选择Keggin型12-磷钨酸(TPA)及其钠盐(Na TP)水溶液为亚相,用四(4-N,N-二乙胺基苯基)卟啉化合物(H_2TNPP)自组装膜为功能模板,釆用低成本的QLS法成功制备了2种新型有机/无机复合材料:H_2TNPP/TPA,H_2TNPP/Na TP QLS薄膜。薄膜结构、形貌及半导体性质测试发现:H_2TNPP分子在H_2TNPP/TPA,H_2TNPP/Na TP复合膜中均采取H-聚集模式,TPA亚相上H-聚集程度更大。而在纯H_2TNPP膜中其为J-聚集模式。3种薄膜表面均为纳米颗粒形貌,以H_2TNPP/Na TP膜表面颗粒均一,颗粒尺寸最小(~60 nm),H_2TNPP/TPA膜表面缺陷较多,颗粒尺寸最大(~150 nm)。薄膜导电性依次为H_2TNPP/Na TP(3.00×10-5S·cm-1)H_2TNPP/TPA(2.49×10-5S·cm-1)H_2TNPP膜(1.53×10-5 S·cm-1)。常温气敏测试发现:3种薄膜在30 s内对浓度小于1.88 mg·m-3的NO2气体都有响应,灵敏度依次为H_2TNPP/Na TP(43%)H_2TNPP膜(16%)H_2TNPP/TPA(4.5%)。具有最小颗粒尺寸和最高导电性的H_2TNPP/Na TP复合薄膜具有最高的灵敏度,并且对NO2检测限低至0.094 mg·m-3。显示出了非常高的实际应用价值。本研究为制备低成本、高灵敏度、环境友好的快速室温NO2气敏器件提供了一种新的策略。 相似文献
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为解决混合酸(碱)、多元酸(碱)滴定教学中出现的问题,提出一些思路:(1)应在搞清滴定反应及其优先次序前提下,充分利用滴定曲线这一有力工具解决各种问题。(2)教学中,应遵循由易到难、步步深入的原则。在充分讲授单种一元酸滴定的基础上,可按强碱滴混合一元酸、强碱滴多元酸、强碱滴复杂混合酸的顺序安排教学内容。由于规律相似,所以在学生学完强碱滴定酸之后,只需对强酸滴定碱略作介绍即可。另外,提出一种无需复杂计算,仅利用单种一元酸(碱)滴定曲线拼合出复杂酸(碱)体系的近似滴定曲线的新方法,获得的曲线虽不十分精确,但足以给滴定分析可能性判断以及指示剂选择等问题提供有力的支持。 相似文献
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选择Keggin型12-磷钨酸(TPA)及其钠盐(NaTP)水溶液为亚相,用四(4-N,N-二乙胺基苯基)卟啉化合物(H2TNPP)自组装膜为功能模板,釆用低成本的QLS法成功制备了2种新型有机/无机复合材料:H2TNPP/TPA,H2TNPP/NaTP QLS薄膜。薄膜结构、形貌及半导体性质测试发现:H2TNPP分子在H2TNPP/TPA,H2TNPP/NaTP复合膜中均采取H-聚集模式,TPA亚相上H-聚集程度更大。而在纯H2TNPP膜中其为J-聚集模式。3种薄膜表面均为纳米颗粒形貌,以H2TNPP/NaTP膜表面颗粒均一,颗粒尺寸最小(~60 nm),H2TNPP/TPA膜表面缺陷较多,颗粒尺寸最大(~150 nm)。薄膜导电性依次为H2TNPP/NaTP(3.00×10-5 S·cm-1)>H2TNPP/TPA(2.49×10-5 S·cm-1)>H2TNPP膜(1.53×10-5 S·cm-1)。常温气敏测试发现:3种薄膜在30 s内对浓度小于1.88 mg·m-3的NO2气体都有响应,灵敏度依次为H2TNPP/NaTP(43%)>H2TNPP膜(16%)>H2TNPP/TPA(4.5%)。具有最小颗粒尺寸和最高导电性的H2TNPP/NaTP复合薄膜具有最高的灵敏度,并且对NO2检测限低至0.094 mg·m-3。显示出了非常高的实际应用价值。本研究为制备低成本、高灵敏度、环境友好的快速室温NO2气敏器件提供了一种新的策略。 相似文献
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