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1.
In this paper we consider minimizers of the functionalmin{λ1(Ω)++λk(Ω)+Λ|Ω|,:ΩD open} where DRd is a bounded open set and where 0<λ1(Ω)λk(Ω) are the first k eigenvalues on Ω of an operator in divergence form with Dirichlet boundary condition and with Hölder continuous coefficients. We prove that the optimal sets Ω have finite perimeter and that their free boundary ΩD is composed of a regular part, which is locally the graph of a C1,α-regular function, and a singular part, which is empty if d<d, discrete if d=d and of Hausdorff dimension at most dd if d>d, for some d{5,6,7}.  相似文献   
2.
Active inference is a physics of life process theory of perception, action and learning that is applicable to natural and artificial agents. In this paper, active inference theory is related to different types of practice in social organization. Here, the term social organization is used to clarify that this paper does not encompass organization in biological systems. Rather, the paper addresses active inference in social organization that utilizes industrial engineering, quality management, and artificial intelligence alongside human intelligence. Social organization referred to in this paper can be in private companies, public institutions, other for-profit or not-for-profit organizations, and any combination of them. The relevance of active inference theory is explained in terms of variational free energy, prediction errors, generative models, and Markov blankets. Active inference theory is most relevant to the social organization of work that is highly repetitive. By contrast, there are more challenges involved in applying active inference theory for social organization of less repetitive endeavors such as one-of-a-kind projects. These challenges need to be addressed in order for active inference to provide a unifying framework for different types of social organization employing human and artificial intelligence.  相似文献   
3.
In this article a coupled version of the improved divergence‐free‐condition compensated method will be proposed to simulate time‐varying geometries by direct forcing immersed boundary method. The proposed method can be seen as a quasi‐multi‐moment framework due to the fact that the momentum equations are discretized by both cell‐centered and cell‐face velocity. For simulating time‐varying geometries, a semi‐implicit iterative method is proposed for calculating the direct forcing terms. Treatments for suppressing spurious force oscillations, calculating drag/lift forces, and evaluating velocity and pressure for freshly cells will also be addressed. In order to show the applicability and accuracy, analytical as well as benchmark problems will be investigated by the present framework and compared with other numerical and experimental results.  相似文献   
4.
A series of metal ion complexes was prepared in solid state from Cu(II), Hg(II) and UO2(II) ions with 3-oxo-3-(2-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)hydrazineyl)-N-phenylpropanamide (H3L) ligand through solvent free synthesis methodology. The chemical formulae of the new compounds were estimated according to variable spectral and analytical investigations. The ligand exhibited a neutral or mononegative tetradentate mode of coordination towards the central ions inside the octahedral arrangement that proposed for the three complexes. The DFT/B3LYP method was applied under different basis sets (6-31G*or SDD) to optimize the structures of new compounds except the UO2(II) complex. The computational data were investigated to verify the binding mode that suggested spectrally. Moreover, studies in solution regarding Cu(II) ion via cyclic voltammetry were performed in absence or presence of H3L, to realize the significant effect of complex formation on the electrochemical manners of copper. The shifts in the potential peaks accompanied by the changes in the values of parameters correspond to kinetic and thermodynamic. Also, the solvation and kinetic characteristics for the cathodic and anodic potential of Cu(II) ion in absence or presence of H3L at different scan rates, were estimated. Finally, the ligand and copper ion exhibited high affinity towards complexation in solution. Furthermore, the activity of the new compounds towards inhibiting microbes was studied against Staphylococcus aureus (G+) and Escherichia coli (G-) bacteria as well as Candida albicans (fungus) by determining the inhibition zone diameter. Also, both the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of the isolated compounds were evaluated. Commonly, a remarkable antimicrobial and anticancer activity was appeared with UO2(II) complex and the ligand. While, the antioxidant activity of all compounds appeared lower.  相似文献   
5.
探索高效、经济的非金属氧还原(ORR)电催化剂已成为电化学能源体系的关键.科学界最具挑战性的目标之一是通过合理地验证和精确地调节活性位点来设计结构明确、性能优异的催化剂材料.本文提出一种精确和可控的串联协同作用的活性位点策略,以提高MFCOFs的ORR催化活性.以亚胺-N、噻吩-S和三嗪-N等作为结构单元,通过精确的串联策略合成了三种MFCOFs,分别为亚胺-N构建的TFPB-TAPB-COF、亚胺-N和噻吩-S构建的BTT-TAPB-COF以及亚胺-N、噻吩-S和三嗪-N三种活性中心构建的BTT-TAT-COF.将三种MFCOFs置于超临界二氧化碳中活化处理后,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、X射线衍射、交叉极化结合魔角旋转技术13C核磁共振法和热重分析法、氮气吸脱附曲线等表征手段对其进行了测试,并在含有0.1 M KOH的电解液中测试其ORR催化活性.结果表明,与BTT-TAPB-COF相比,BTT-TAT-COF展现出更优异的ORR催化性能;而BTT-TAPB-COF的催化性能优于TFPB-TAPB-COF.具体表现为,BTT-TAT-COF的半波电位(0.77 V)和起始电位(0.87 V)均高于BTT-TAPB-COF(0.71 V,0.80 V)和TFPB-TAPB-COF(0.65,0.73 V).此外,BTT-TAT-COF表现出较低的塔菲尔斜率和接近于4电子的ORR过程,说明其具有较高的反应速率.DFT计算结果表明,在费米能级附近,BTT-TAPB-COF比TFPB-TAPB-COF具有更窄的带隙,而BTT-TAT-COF具有最窄的带隙.因此,与TFPB-TAPB-COF和BTT-TAPB-COF相比,BTT-TAT-COF可以更有效地激发电子转移,增强ORR活性.此外,利用三种结构的吉布斯自由能图分析了ORR的过电位.结果表明,当亚胺-N、噻吩-S和三嗪-N结构被引入骨架后,相同位点的过电势降低.由此可见,亚胺-N、噻吩-S和三嗪-N作为催化活性位点诱导了正的ORR过程.此外,BTT-TAT-COF中部分碳原子(BTT-TAT-5,9,10)的过电势均低于BTT-TAPB-COF和TFPB-TAPB-COF中所有位点的过电势,表明多活性位点发挥了协同催化的作用.本文证明了精确串联协同催化的多活性位点策略提高ORR性能的可行性,并为构建高效的COF基非金属ORR催化剂提供新的见解.  相似文献   
6.
烯烃氢酯基化反应是羰基合成领域的重要分支之一,长期以来一直备受关注。目前已发展了钯基、铑基、钴基、钌基等众多催化体系,其中钯-膦-酸催化体系因具有反应条件温和、底物普适性良好、催化性能优异等优点而得到最广泛、最深入的研究。因此,我们对均相、非均相的钯-膦-酸催化体系在烯烃氢酯基化反应中的研究应用进行了简要综述,并对催化机理、催化剂组成和性能进行讨论,最后指出稳定性高、可回收性好的非均相钯-膦-酸催化体系将是该领域的研究重点。  相似文献   
7.
朱本占  张静  唐苗  黄春华  邵杰 《化学进展》2022,34(1):227-236
卤代醌是一类卤代芳烃类环境污染物的致癌中间体,也是在饮用水中新发现的氯化消毒副产物。我们最近发现卤代醌和 H2O2 或有机氢过氧化物体系可以不依赖过渡金属离子,而产生高活性的羟基/烷氧自由基和醌氧/醌碳自由基。目前尚不清楚这些卤代醌类致癌物和氢过氧化物共存能否诱导 DNA 产生氧化损伤和修饰,以及其潜在的分子机制是什么。我们的研究发现 DNA 在四氯-1,4-苯醌/H2O2体系中可被氧化产生 8-氧脱氧鸟苷、DNA 链断裂和三种甲基氧化产物,这些反应不依赖过渡金属离子,且由于卤代醌与 DNA 的嵌入作用而导致其氧化作用增强。其他卤代醌也观察到了类似的现象,而且通常比经典的 Fenton 体系更有效。我们进一步将研究从纯化的 DNA 扩展到了活细胞的基因组 DNA。同时还发现卤代醌和有机氢过氧化物(如叔丁基过氧化氢或在正常生理条件下产生的 13S-过氧羟基-9Z,11E-十八碳二烯酸(13-HPODE))共存时,可通过独特的醌氧自由基介导机制诱导 DNA 氧化生成致突变性更强的咪唑啉酮类产物 dIz。这些发现为解释普遍存在的卤代醌类致癌中间体和消毒副产物的潜在基因毒性、致突变性和致癌性提供了新思路。  相似文献   
8.
9.
Corrective matrix that is derived to restore consistency of discretization schemes can significantly enhance accuracy for the inside particles in the Moving Particle Semi‐implicit method. In this situation, the error due to free surface and wall boundaries becomes dominant. Based on the recent study on Neumann boundary condition (Matsunaga et al, CMAME, 2020), the corrective matrix schemes in MPS are generalized to straightforwardly and accurately impose Neumann boundary condition. However, the new schemes can still easily trigger instability at free surface because of the biased error caused by the incomplete/biased neighbor support. Therefore, the existing stable schemes based on virtual particles and conservative gradient models are applied to free surface and nearby particles to produce a stable transitional layer at free surface. The new corrective matrix schemes are only applied to the particles under the stable transitional layer for improving the wall boundary conditions. Three numerical examples of free surface flows demonstrate that the proposed method can help to reduce the pressure/velocity fluctuations and hence enhance accuracy further.  相似文献   
10.
飞火是开放空间中大尺度火灾非连续性蔓延的主要形式。本文通过不同热流下的木质飞火颗粒自由燃烧实验,揭示不同燃烧状态飞火颗粒的结构变形、质量损失及温度分布的变化规律。研究表明,颗粒结构变形受材料化学反应机制和热机械力作用共同影响;颗粒燃烧反应易造成热解气体的内部积聚,以致内压激增、诱发喷射或喷溅细小颗粒的现象;阴燃过程颗粒表面温度变化较小但持续时间很长,明火状态的颗粒持续高温并且温度与质量变化剧烈。  相似文献   
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