A Kinetic Spectrophotometric Method to Determine the Insecticide Methyl Parathion in Commercial Formulations and the Aqueous Environment

Abstract

A simple kinetic-spectrophotometric method for the analysis of the organophosphate insecticide methyl parathien is presented. The method is based on the alkaline hydrolysis of the insecticide into its main metabolite p-nitrophenol. The influence of reaction variables (pH and temperature), and the effect of other pesticides, are discussed. The calibration graphs (initial rate, fixed time, fixed absorbance) were linear from 2 to 30μg/ml. The precision was calculated for the different methods applied, the relative standard deviation being 6.25% for 4μg/ml.

The proposed kinetic method can be applied directly to synthetic mixtures, commercial formulations and different aqueous environment, with recoveries close to 100%.     

铁掺杂A-TiO_2光催化降解对硝基苯酚的动力学研究

研究了以自制掺铁的锐钛矿型TiO2(即A-TiO2)光催化降解对硝基苯酚的动力学过程。结果表明:在可见光照射下,对硝基苯酚溶液为20mg·L-1、溶液调节为酸性(pH=2)、自制的掺铁0.1%(摩尔分数)A-TiO2的投入量1.0g·L-1、室温下搅拌下反应200min的条件下,对硝基苯酚的光催化降解的表观反应速率常数k(0.0050min-1)和降解率(64.52%)最大,拟合可见光下铁掺杂TiO2降解对硝基苯酚为一级反应。     

Determination of Enzymatic Activities Based on an Optical Flow-Through p-Nitrophenol Sensor

Abstract

An optical flow-through biosensor based on the transient retention of p-nitrophenol on an ion-exchange support packed in the flow cell is presented. The approach was applied to the determination of the activity of some enzymes which catalyze the conversion of p-nitrophenyl-derivatives into p-nitrophenol. The method was first developed for determination of p-nitrophenol yielding a linear range between 0.1–5 μg/mL (r² = 0.9922, r.s.d.% less than 2.5), then, it was also applied to the determination of β-D-glucuronidase activity in serum, with a linear range between 0.1–20 U/L (r² = 0.9976, r.s.d.% less than 3.0), and a sampling frequency of 20 h^?1. The application of the method to the determination of the enzyme activity in serum samples provided results consistent with those obtained by a conventional method and recoveries within 95–104%.     

Colorimetric Determination of Surfactants Using Lipase

Abstract

The inhibition effect of a surfactant on an enzymic reaction of lipase was investigated to determine small amounts of the surfactant. Surfactants could be determined by colori-metrically measuring the degree of their inhibition in the enzymic reaction. By the method studied, 10–200 ppm of LAS, 25–300 ppm of ABS, 10² ?10³ ppm of SDS, and 1–10% of polyethyleneglycol dodecyl ether and polyethylene glycol octylphenyl ether could be determined with coefficient of variance of about 2%.     

一维纳米Co_3O_4,Ag/Co_3O_4及CuO/Co_3O_4的合成与电催化性能(英文)

采用水热合成法制备了Co3O4及复合Ag/Co3O4、CuO/Co3O4一维纳米产品。用XRD,FE-SEM和TEM手段对产品进行了表征。采用循环伏安法研究了合成产品修饰的玻碳电极在碱性溶液中对对硝基苯酚的电催化还原性能。与裸玻碳电极相比,1mmol·L-1的对硝基苯酚在用Co3O4、特别是CuO/Co3O4修饰的玻碳电极上还原的峰电流明显增大,用Ag/Co3O4(Ag/Co原子比分别为1∶5和2∶5)修饰的玻碳电极催化还原对硝基苯酚时,尽管还原峰电流增大不是太大,但其峰电位明显降低(分别降低0.265和0.371V)。     

大孔-介孔Ag/PDA/MMS复合材料的制备及其催化性能

用双模板法制备了介孔纳米薄膜构筑的毫米级尺寸的大孔-介孔SiO₂(MMS),通过多巴胺(DA)在其孔道表面氧化自聚合成聚多巴胺(PDA),得到PDA修饰的MMS(PDA/MMS),再经PDA原位还原Ag+制得大孔-介孔Ag/PDA/MMS复合材料。应用扫描电镜、透射电镜、N2吸附-脱附、X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射、UV-Vis、FT-IR和热重技术对所制得的材料进行表征。结果表明,MMS兼具纳米介孔材料和宏观尺寸大孔材料的优点。Ag/PDA/MMS在催化还原对硝基苯酚(4-NP)反应中展现出高催化活性,转化频率(TOF)达2.97 min^-1。这归因于其独特的结构：相互连通的大孔孔道大大降低了传质阻力,短孔道的介孔显著增加了活性位点的可达性,大的比表面积为反应物提供了大量的活性位点。而且,毫米级尺寸的Ag/PDA/MMS可以很容易从反应体系中分离出来,在5次循环后仍能将4-NP完全转化为对氨基苯酚(4-AP)。另外,Ag/PDA/MMS对亚甲基蓝(MB)的还原也有良好的催化效果。     

液相催化复极性流化床电解槽处理对硝基酚废水

应用液相催化复极性流化床电解槽降解处理对硝基酚废水.溶液中的Fe2+离子与O2在阴极还原生的成H2O2形成了Fenton试剂,实验以对硝基酚为降解底物,考察了槽电压、Fe2+浓度及曝气量对模拟废水对硝基酚及COD去除率的影响.结果显示,在pH=3.0,电压30V,Fe2+浓度500 mg.L-1,曝气量0.4 m3.h-1的条件下,对硝基酚及COD均有较高的去除率.     

Electrochemical Sensor for Detection of p-Nitrophenol Based on Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles/α-Cyclodextrin Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide

p-Nitrophenol (p−NP) is a high priority toxic pollutant and that has harmful effects on human, animals and plants. Thus, the detection and determination of p−NP present in the environment is an urgent as well as highly important requisite. The present article, therefore focused on the construction of a novel electrochemical sensor based on NiO nanoparticles/α-cyclodextrin functionalized reduced graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode (NiO−NPs-α-CD-rGO-GCE) for the selective and sensitive detection of p−NP. UV-vis, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), selected area electron diffraction pattern (SAED) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirms the formation of highly pure NiO nanoparticles. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to characterize the step-wise electrode modification process. DPV was carried out to quantify p−NP within the concentration range of 1−10 μM and found the detection limit of 0.12 nM on the basis of the signal-to-noise ratio S/N=3. The electrode can able to detect different isomers of nitrophenols. Interferences of other pollutants such as phenol, p-aminophenol, o- and m- nitrophenol, 4-chlorophenol, 2,6-dichlorophenol and ions like K⁺, Cd²⁺, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻ did not affect the sensing of p−NP. The newly developed sensor exhibited diffusion controlled kinetics and had excellent sensitivity, selectivity and reproducibility for the detection of p−NP. The electrode showed good recoveries in real sample analysis.     

Side-Chain Type Polysulfates: Their Synthesis,AIE Properties and Applications for p-Nitrophenol Detection in Water

Two small molecular monomers, ph-TPE and ph-TPE-CN, and their homopolymers Poly (ph-TPE) and Poly (ph-TPE-CN) containing tetra phenylethylene and sulfate structures, were synthesized by a sulfur (VI) fluorine exchange click reaction (SuFEx) and radical polymerization. All the monomers and polymers exhibit a typical aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effect both in the solid state and aggregated state. Moreover, based on the intermolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect between the tetra phenylethylene chromophore and p-nitrophenol, both polymers could be used for the selective detection of p-nitrophenol. The detection limit and reactivity coefficient of Poly (ph-TPE) are 0.081 μM and 5.15×10⁴ M⁻¹, respectively, whereas the detection limit and reactivity coefficient of Poly (ph-TPE-CN) are 0.077 μM and 1.81×10⁴ M⁻¹, respectively. This can be attributed to the greater sensitivity of Poly (ph-TPE-CN) to p-nitrophenol than that of Poly (ph-TPE). This work provides a new methodology for the preparation and broadening application of side-chain type AIE-active polysulfate fluorescent probes.     

FT-Raman Spectra of o-, m-, and p-Nitrophenol Included in Cyclodextrins

FT-Raman spectra of o-, m-, and p-nitrophenol included in -cyclodextrin (CD), -CD, hydroxypropyl (HP) -CD, andsulfated -CD were recorded. The phenyl (C=C) band of o- and p-nitrophenol in the CD inclusion complexes was shifted to higher wavenumber thanthat of pure o- and p-nitrophenol,whereas the phenyl (C=C) band of m-nitrophenol in the CD inclusion complexes was shifted to lower wavenumber than that of pure m-nitrophenol. The ring CH peak of o-nitrophenol in the CD complexes was shifted to higher wavenumber than that of pure o-nitrophenol, whereas the ring CH peak of m- and p-nitrophenol in the CD complexes was shifted to lower wavenumber than that of pure m- and p-nitrophenol.