Tuning of the Temperature Window for Unit‐Cell and Pore‐Size Enlargement in Face‐Centered‐Cubic Large‐Mesopore Silicas Templated by Swollen Block Copolymer Micelles

The unit‐cell size and pore diameter as functions of temperature are investigated in the syntheses of FDU‐12 silicas with face‐centered cubic structure templated by Pluronic (PEO‐PPO‐PEO) block copolymer micelles swollen by toluene. The temperature range in which the unit‐cell size and pore size strongly increase as temperature decreases is correlated with the critical micelle temperature (CMT) of the surfactant. While Pluronic F127 affords a wide range of unit‐cell parameters (28–51 nm) and pore diameters (16–32 nm), it renders moderately enlarged pore sizes at 25 °C. The use of Pluronic F108 with higher CMT affords FDU‐12 with very large unit‐cell size (～49 nm) and large pore diameter (27 nm) at 23 °C. Large unit‐cell size (40–41 nm) and pore size (22 nm) were obtained even at 25 °C. The application of Pluronics F87 and F88 with much smaller molecular weights and higher CMTs also allows one to synthesize FDU‐12 with quite large unit‐cell parameters and pore sizes at room temperature. The present work demonstrates that one can judiciously select Pluronic surfactants with appropriate CMT to shift the temperature range in which the pore diameter is readily tunable.     

Hierarchical control of porous silica by pH adjustment: Alkyl polyamines as surfactants for bimodal silica synthesis and its carbon replica

Bimodal macro-mesoporous silica networks have been prepared in a simple one-pot synthesis using an inexpensive tetramine surfactant and tetraethoxysilane as a silica precursor. These novel materials show high pore volumes and templated mesopores (average pore size 3.0 nm) embedded in 20 nm thick walls forming interparticle large meso/macropores. The judicious control of the pH during the silica formation allows for the precise control of the interparticle condensation, likely due to the change in the interaction between the tetramine surfactant and the silica precursors. Finally, a highly porous carbon replica with bimodal porosity was prepared by using the bimodal silica as a hard sacrificial template. The microstructure of the silica template was accurately transferred to the carbon material obtaining high surface areas (up to 1300 m² g⁻¹) and total pore volumes ≥2 cm³ g⁻¹.     

以一种新型Gemini表面活性剂作为介孔模板剂通过转晶过程合成介孔ZSM-5分子筛

将一种新型Gemini表面活性剂,丙撑基双(十八烷基二甲基氯化铵)[C18H37(CH3)2–N+–(CH2)3–N+–(CH3)2C18H37]Cl2(C18-3-18),作为介孔模板剂用于水热法合成介孔ZSM-5分子筛.结果表明,在130 oC低温晶化即可高效合成介孔ZSM-5分子刷.C18-3-18的加入量可影响到所合成介孔ZSM-5分子筛的相对结晶度和织构性质,它的形成遵从一个转晶过程.在合成初期,凝胶中介孔模板剂C18-3-18的使用导向了介孔材料的生成;随后在TPABr的模板作用下,介孔材料慢慢转晶生成具有MFI结构的介孔ZSM-5;然后所合成的介孔ZSM-5晶粒进一步长大并聚集形成块状颗粒,同时产生晶间介孔.C18-3-18作为介孔导向剂不仅可用于合成介孔ZSM-5分子筛,也可用于其它介孔分子筛的合成中.     

A Promising MoO_x-based Catalyst for n-Heptane Isomerization

The increasing demand for higher-octane gasoline and the regulations limiting the amount of aromatics in the fuel motivate the interest in catalytic isomerization of n-alkanes. In the last ten years, transition metal oxides or oxycarbides based on molybdenum or tungstate have attracted much attention due to their high activity and isomerization selectivity compared to the conventional bifunctional supported platinum catalyst and high resistance to sulphur and nitrogen catalyst poisons1-5. Ma…     

介孔沸石材料

介孔沸石材料是含有丰富介孔的结晶沸石,不仅保留了沸石材料优良的酸性和水热稳定性,而且由于介孔的引入改善了其对大分子的吸附和扩散性能,在催化领域特别是涉及大分子的催化反应中是极有应用前景的材料。本文综述了介孔沸石材料的制备方法并进行了比较分析,概述了近年来介孔沸石材料在不同催化反应中的应用,探讨了介孔沸石材料今后的研究方向。     

内嵌型介孔分子筛的合成

用表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基氢氧化铵在溶液中形成的液晶相胶态分子团作为模板剂，同时在分子团憎水基团内部导入对乏燃料中钯离子有特效选择萃取效应的协萃剂ＴＯＰＯ－Ｐ２０４，通过表面活性剂亲水基团与易水解的有机硅酸盐阴离子之间的自组织过程，合成了内嵌型介孔分子筛固体吸附剂ＭＣＭ－ＴＰ，经ＴＥＭ，ＸＲＤ，２９Ｓｉ－ＭＡＳＮＭＲ测试，与ＭＣＭ－４１介孔分子筛有相似的孔道结构，但其晶胞参数有所增加，水热稳定性有明显的改善．用于提取乏燃料中的钯，饱和吸附Ｐｄ容量可达０．０１５ｍｍｏｌ／ｇ．     

MMM分子筛的制备与表征

 以碱溶液处理ZSM－5分子筛，得到了含微孔及介孔的MFI结构分子筛（简称MMM），并采用XRD，XRF，SEM，XPS和低温氮吸附等技术对分子筛进行了表征．结果表明，通过改变处理碱的浓度可以得到具有不同物化性能的MMM分子筛，其化学组成、介孔及微孔的大小和多少，及分子筛晶体上n（Al）／n（Si）均随碱浓度的变化而变化，随着碱浓度的增加，分子筛部分微孔结构遭到破坏，介孔的数量增加，孔径增大，n（Al）／n（Si）增大．碱处理脱硅的过程包括脱除晶粒间的无定形物质，脱除分子筛表面的硅及脱除分子筛体相硅等步骤，硅脱除以后形成了介孔．     

层状和MSU结构的介孔纳米二氧化锆

在不添加任何结构稳定剂的条件下, 首次用固态反应结构导向法成功地合成了具有层状结构和MSU结构的介孔纳米二氧化锆. 研究发现, 通过有效地控制晶化条件, 二氧化锆的晶相、比表面和孔结构可以方便地得以调变. 晶相的转变由粒度大小控制, 并且构成无机骨架的相态不同, 合成样品的热稳定性存在差异. 结果显示, 介孔纳米二氧化锆的形成仍遵循超分子液晶模板机制, 且由碱锆摩尔比的大小控制介观相的转化, 低碱锆摩尔比条件下形成层状相, 而高碱锆摩尔比条件下为维持整个体系的低能稳定状态, 在电荷作用下形成反棒状胶束结构.     

具有超大通道结构的介孔氧化硅柱层状钛酸的合成和催化应用初探

A mesoporous (d=2.3mm) silica-pillared layered tetratitanate with a super gallery (d₀₀₁=1.84mm)was prepared by first preswelling layered tetratitanate with n-dodecyl amine, then reacting with 20wt% NH₂(CH₂)₃Si(OC₂H₅)₃ aqueous solution, and finally calcinating the resultant solid product in air at 550℃. All the reaction was carried out hydrothermally in an autoclave at 130℃. The obtained material has a relatively high BET surface area of 204m²·g^-1 and a thermal stability beyond 600℃. The catalytic application of the material was also investigated by using the dehydration of isopropanol and the reform of n-hexane as two probing reactions.     

介孔氧化镍的合成、表征和在电化学电容器中的应用

以十二烷基硫酸钠为模板剂, 采用尿素为沉淀剂, 用均匀沉淀法, 适当控制尿素的水解速度, 制备具有介孔结构的氢氧化镍胶体, 在不同温度下焙烧处理得到孔分布集中的氧化镍介孔分子筛. 结果表明, 在523 K下焙烧得到的氧化镍BET比表面达到477.7 m²•g^－1. 结构表征还显示, 介孔氧化镍的孔壁为多晶结构, 其孔结构形成机理应为准反胶束模板机理. 循环伏安法表明用NiO介孔分子筛制备的电极有很好的电容性能. 与浸渍法和阴极沉淀法制得的NiO相比, 这种介孔结构的NiO能够大量用来制作电化学电容器电极, 并且保持较高的比电容量和良好的电容性能.