Activity-Directed Synthesis of Inhibitors of the p53/hDM2 Protein–Protein Interaction

Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) provide a rich source of potential targets for drug discovery and biomedical science research. However, the identification of structural-diverse starting points for discovery of PPI inhibitors remains a significant challenge. Activity-directed synthesis (ADS), a function-driven discovery approach, was harnessed in the discovery of the p53/hDM2 PPI. Over two rounds of ADS, 346 microscale reactions were performed, with prioritisation on the basis of the activity of the resulting product mixtures. Four distinct and novel series of PPI inhibitors were discovered that, through biophysical characterisation, were shown to have promising ligand efficiencies. It was thus shown that ADS can facilitate ligand discovery for a target that does not have a defined small-molecule binding site, and can provide distinctive starting points for the discovery of PPI inhibitors.     

Luminescent Thin Films Enabled by CsPbX3 (X=Cl,Br, I) Precursor Solution

Inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals are candidates for lighting and display materials due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties. However, the dissolution issue of perovskite nanocrystals in polar solvents remains a challenge for practical applications. Herein, we present a newly designed one-step spin-coating strategy to prepare a novel multicolor-tunable CsPbX₃ (X=Cl, Br, I) nanocrystal film, where the CsPbX₃ precursor solution was formed by dissolving PbO, Cs₂CO₃, and CH₃NH₃X into the ionic liquid n-butylammonium butyrate. The as-designed CsPbX₃ nanocrystal films show high color purity with a narrow emission width. Also, the blue CsPb(Cl/Br)₃ film demonstrates an absolute photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) of 15.6 %, which is higher than 11.7 % of green CsPbBr₃ and 8.3 % of red CsPb(Br/I)₃ film. This study develops an effective approach to preparing CsPbX₃ nanocrystal thin films, opening a new avenue to design perovskite nanocrystals-based devices for lighting and display applications.     

Laboratory Performance Evaluation on Analysis of Cadmium and Lead in Herb through Participation in the Regional Laboratory Comparison APMP QM-P10

The ubiquitous presence of heavy metals in the environment arising from various natural and anthropogenic activities have led to the accumulation intrusion of these substances into agricultural products including herbal plants. With the rapid growth of herbal medicine trade market, extensive surveillance monitoring and laboratory testing of heavy metals in herbal samples are carried out worldwide nowadays. Those surveillance activities are very much rely on the quality of the data produced by analytical laboratory. As analysis of heavy metals have been one of several main interests of our laboratory of Research Center for Chemistry, then participation on the international laboratory comparison such as APMP.QM-P10: Cadmium and Lead in Herb is a valuable effort for evaluate laboratory performance in this area of analysis. Several trial run and validation had been performed on the proficiency samples, including sample preparation, level of method blanks, use of matrix modifiers, precision and also trueness check using suitable reference material. Z-scores of 0.787 and 1.105 for cadmium and lead respectively have obtained as result of participation. It was found that the z-scores were satisfactory compared to the satisfactory limit of -2 ≥ z-score ≤ 2. These results provide strong confirmation of maintained capability of Research Center for Chemistry on heavy metals analysis, particulary in herb.     

Unconventional Route to Uniform Hollow Semiconducting Nanoparticles with Tailorable Dimensions,Compositions, Surface Chemistry,and Near‐Infrared Absorption

Despite impressive recent advances in the synthesis of lead chalcogenide solid nanoparticles, there are no examples of lead chalcogenide hollow nanoparticles (HNPs) with controlled diameter and shell thickness as current synthetic approaches for HNPs have inherent limitations associated with their complexity, inability to precisely control the dimensions, and limited possibilities with regard to applicable materials. Herein, we report on an unconventional strategy for crafting uniform lead chalcogenide (PbS and PbTe) HNPs with tailorable size, surface chemistry, and near‐IR absorption. Amphiphilic star‐like triblock copolymers [polystyrene‐block‐poly(acrylic acid)‐block‐polystyrene and polystyrene‐block‐poly(acrylic acid)‐block‐poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)] were rationally synthesized and exploited as nanoreactors for the formation of uniform PbS and PbTe HNPs. Compared to their solid counterparts, the near‐IR absorption of the HNPs is blue‐shifted owing to the hollow interior. This strategy can be readily extended to other types of intriguing low‐band‐gap HNPs for diverse applications.     

Correlation between Interfacial Structures and Device Performance: The Double-Edged Sword Effect of Lead Iodide in Perovskite Solar Cells

The interfacial electronic structure of perovskite layers and transport layers is critical for the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The device performance of PSCs can generally be improved by adding a slight excess of lead iodide (PbI₂) to the precursor solution. However, its underlying working mechanism is controversial. Here, we performed a comprehensive study of the electronic structures at the interface between CH₃NH₃PbI₃ and C₆₀ with and without the modification of PbI₂ using in situ photoemission spectroscopy measurements. The correlation between the interfacial structures and the device performance was explored based on performance and stability tests. We found that there is an interfacial dipole reversal, and the downward band bending is larger at the CH₃NH₃PbI₃/C₆₀ interface with the modification of PbI₂ as compared to that without PbI₂. Therefore, PSCs with PbI₂ modification exhibit faster charge carrier transport and slower carrier recombination. Nevertheless, the modification of PbI₂ undermines the device stability due to aggravated iodide migration. Our findings provide a fundamental understanding of the CH₃NH₃PbI₃/C₆₀ interfacial structure from the perspective of the atomic layer and insight into the double-edged sword effect of PbI₂ as an additive.     

改性钛基PbO2电极的制备及其对COD的快速检测

通过制备Ti/α/β-PbO₂、Ti/Ag/β-PbO₂这两种含有不同中间层的钛基二氧化铅电极来探究电催化氧化技术快速测定葡萄糖模拟废水中有机物(COD)含量的可行性。为了评估两种电极的各项性能,首先采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)对电极进行形貌表征,其次进行电化学性能测试包括线性伏安曲线(LSV)、塔菲尔曲线(Tafel)、循环伏安曲线(CV)以及交流阻抗测量分析。结果表明,Ti/α/β-PbO₂电极表面晶体结构更加均匀,晶粒尺寸偏小,具有更大的电活性表面积。Ti/α/β-PbO₂电极的析氧电位为1.77 V,为·OH的产生提供良好条件。在Tafel、CV测试中,Ti/α/β-PbO₂电极的交换电流密度i₀及比电容C_p分别为0.0995 A·cm^-1、0.004098 F·cm^-1均高于Ti/Ag/β-PbO₂电极,说明Ti/α/β-PbO₂电极的耐腐蚀性以及释放电子的能力优异。最终选用Ti/α/β-PbO₂电极为工作电极。Ti/α/β-PbO₂电极检测COD的最佳条件为：氧化电位1.30 V、电解时间150 s、电解液浓度0.03 mol·L^-1 硝酸钠(NaNO₃)。电化学法与比色消解法测定COD的相关系数可达0.9909,同时具有良好的重现性与相关性,COD的检测范围为0 mg·L^-1 ~ 500 mg·L^-1。在误差允许的范围内可以替代标准的重铬酸钾法,为实现COD的在线快速检测提供参考价值。     

运用综合手段研究铅锌硫化物精矿的氧化和鉴定其产物

南京关口每年从国外进口铅、锌精矿达几百万吨,随着我国国民经济的发展,作为重要有色金属来源的该矿种的进口量仍将逐年增加。硫化物精矿在运输和储存过程中都有可能发生氧化,由此导致金属品位的波动是常见现象,然而此前在这方面的报导甚少。为此,作者以铅锌硫化物精矿为例对其进行了模拟状态下的氧化实验并采用能谱、光学显微镜、化学物相分析、X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜等手段对氧化前及氧化后的样品进行了鉴定。结果表明,在模拟精矿储运条件下两种精矿的氧化皆甚为明显,铅精矿为1.5%,而锌精矿达到了14.5%,由此引起的品位变化是不可忽视的。鉴于有色金属硫化物精矿在储运过程中呈现了它们的易氧化性并对品位产生影响,所以有关这类矿产品的商贸过程中涉及取样、样品加工和保管、公证等问题,均应在科学实验基础上规范化。     

低浓度含铅细颗粒物暴露大鼠体内生物转运研究

食品接触性塑料制品、可再生资源、汽车尾气中含有低浓度铅。铅等重金属体内蓄积严重影响机体健康,但机体长期暴露于铅环境的代谢依然未知。以低剂量含铅细颗粒物暴露为场景,探讨其在大鼠体内的生物转运及体内分布。通过比较每日吸入染毒(7.05±0.83)μg/m~3及经口染毒0.42μg/d,连续染毒28d。结果显示含铅细颗粒物入血的速度比经口途径快,在肺内蓄积浓度达(4.2±0.67)μg/g,与经口染毒组比较有显著统计学差异(P0.01);排泄方面,吸入含铅细颗粒物以粪便、尿液形式排出为主,与经口染毒组比较具有体内蓄积量大、排泄慢、在股骨和肋骨内蓄积量大的特点。因此,吸入含铅细颗粒物暴露体内蓄积量大,代谢速度慢,暴露危害比经口途径更大。     

高频燃烧红外吸收法测定铅精矿中的硫

利用高频燃烧红外吸收碳硫仪测定铅精矿中的硫含量。低硫含量(S<5%)铅精矿样品直接称样测定;高硫含量(S>5%)铅精矿样品添加稀释剂后称样测定。对样品称样量、助熔剂类型及用量等条件进行了研究,获得最佳分析条件。通过空白实验测得方法检出限为0.0010%,利用铅精矿有证标准物质进行精密度和准确度验证,方法的标准偏差在0.295%~1.3%之间,结果表明该方法精密度高、准确度好,能够满足铅精矿中硫含量的快速准确测定。