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1.
以廉价的椰壳为原料制备了高比表面积的多孔碳材料,然后在密闭的反应釜中以硝酸蒸汽对多孔碳材料进行了后处理,制备了亲水性更好的多孔碳材料。采用扫描透射电子显微镜(TEM)、物理吸附、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和接触角测试对材料的微观形貌、孔道结构、组成和亲水性进行了表征,探究了不同温度下硝酸蒸汽对多孔碳材料的形貌、结构的影响,并采用循环伏安法、恒电流充放电法和交流阻抗法考察了多孔碳材料的超级电容性能。结果表明,经过硝酸蒸汽处理后的多孔碳材料的比表面积和孔体积均有所降低,且随着处理温度的升高,降低得更加明显,而亲水性却越来越好。电化学测试结果表明,经过100℃硝酸蒸汽处理的多孔碳材料(CSC-100)具有最佳的超级电容性能。在以6 mol·L-1 KOH为电解液的三电极体系中,当电流密度为0.5 A·g-1时CSC-100的比电容可达452.9 F·g-1,而未经硝酸蒸汽处理的多孔碳材料(CSC)的比电容仅为350.4 F·g-1。电容贡献分析表明CSC-100良好的亲水性和表面官能团不仅提高了双电层电容,也提高了赝电容。  相似文献   
2.
Supercapacitors (SCs) with high energy density and power density are a research hotspot. Herein, we report a flexible porous carbon membrane supercapacitor prepared by electrospinning polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with γ-cyclodextrin-MOF (γ-CD-MOF) and then carbonizing at 900 °C. BET results showed that the supercapacitor retained the skeleton of γ-CD, γ-CD-MOF and the pores formed by the spun-fibers, which were 0.73, 1.09 and 23–186 nm, respectively, showing a high specific surface area of 134.7 m2/g. The hierarchically porous structures ensure rapid charge transfer and ion diffusion, resulting in the PAN/γ-CD-MOF carbon electrode with a high capacity of 283.3 F/g. Moreover, the supercapacitor had a high energy density up to 17.5 Wh/kg and power density up to 6 kW/kg. Significantly, it showed excellent cycle stability with a capacitance retention of 97.5% after 6000 cycles. This work provides a supramolecular strategy to construct a flexible porous carbon membrane, which has potential for supercapacitor applications.  相似文献   
3.
采用溶剂热法合成了以锆为金属核心、2-氨基为配体的锆基金属有机骨架(UiO-66)纳米材料,通过静电纺丝技术制备出UiO-66自由分散的聚丙烯腈(PAN/UiO-66)纤维,可控热解得到多孔碳纳米纤维(porous carbon nanofibers,PCNFs),结合湿化学还原法在PCNFs表面沉积Pd纳米颗粒,得到PCNFs@Pd复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射技术对其形貌、组成、结构进行表征;采用电化学工作站分别测试了PCNFs@Pd在0.1 mol·L-1 KOH和0.1 mol·L-1 HClO4电解质中氧还原性能(oxygen reduction reaction,ORR)。结果表明,在PAN纤维中添加UiO-66显著提高了PCNFs@Pd(Pd负载量为0.34%)复合材料的ORR性能。相比40% Pt/C,在碱性电解质中,PCNFs@Pd复合材料展示出更低的Tafel斜率、更优异的循环稳定性和耐甲醇中毒性。在酸性电解质中也表现出类似20% Pt/C的催化活性和循环稳定性。  相似文献   
4.
Novel SiO2-pyrazole (SiO2-PYZ) nanocomposite was introduced for the elimination of Zn(II) and Cr(III) from oil reservoir water. Characterization analysis of prepared SiO2-PYZ nanocomposite was investigated using SEM, FTIR, TGA, XRD, TEM, and BET. Studying the effects and optimization of the parameters such as retention time, pH, initial Cr(III) and Zn(II) ions concentrations, adsorbent dosage, and temperature were examined. For kinetics investigation, the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model matches the adsorption process effectively under different operating conditions. After applying two other isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich), the experimental data was adequately equipped with Langmuir, R2 = 1. The thermodynamic results pointed that the adsorption of Zn(II) and Cr(III) ions was spontaneous, endothermic, and physisorption reaction. At pH 12, the influence of more than one ion, such as Ca(II) and Na(I), was checked, and the results revealed that this conjugate substance was highly selective to Cr(III). After washing with water in multiple cycles, the adsorbed material was regenerated with 0.1 M HCl and subsequently reused without deterioration in its case cavities. Interestingly, SiO2-PYZ was highly effective against sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the petroleum field.  相似文献   
5.
本工作基于工业炼油产品沥青,开发了一种无金属、氮和硫共掺杂多孔碳纳米片(NSPC)的合成方法。获得的多孔碳纳米片具有高比表面积(339 m2·g-1)和优异的固硫能力。同时,高含量氮、硫共掺杂可以有效增强碳材料的导电性,同时促进多硫化物的高效催化转化。通过熔融法固硫后,制备得到的NSPC/S电极具有较高的比容量和优异的循环稳定性(在0.6C电流密度下,200次循环后容量为762 mAh·g-1),实现了高含量氮和硫共掺杂的二维多孔碳材料的快速批量生产并用于高性能锂硫电池正极材料。  相似文献   
6.
In this study, a fingerprint-activity relationship modeling between chemical fingerprints and antirheumatic activity was established, and multivariate statistical analysis was used to evaluate the quality of Taxilli Herba (TH) from different hosts. Characteristic fingerprints of 20 batches of TH samples were generated by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS), and the similarity analysis was calculated based on thirteen common characteristic peaks by hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). Subsequently, nine efficacy markers were discovered by combining fingerprints and antirheumatic activity through grey correlation analysis (GCA) and bivariate correlation analysis (BCA). Meanwhile, the content of 5 constituents in 9 markers was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS). The comprehensive quality of TH was assessed using multivariate statistical analysis, including principal components analysis (PCA) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The results showed that a high dose of TH extract could markedly ameliorate arthritis damage compared to other doses, with flavonoids playing an important role in the antirheumatic activity. The comprehensive quality of samples from Morus alba L. (SS) was superior to those from Liquidambar formosana Hance (FXS). The present study will demonstrate the markers associated with efficacy, and provide an applicable strategy for more comprehensive quality control and evaluation of TH.  相似文献   
7.
Combustion processes in porous media have been used by the petroleum engineering industry to extract heavy oil from reservoirs. This study focuses on a one-dimensional nonlinear hybrid system consisting of n reaction–diffusion–convection equations coupled with n ordinary differential equations, which models a combustion front moving through a porous medium with n parallel layers. The state variables are the temperature and fuel concentration in each layer. Coupling occurs in both the reaction function and differential operator coefficients. We prove the existence of a classical solution, first locally and then globally over time, to an initial and boundary value problem for the corresponding system. The proof uses a new approach for combustion problems in porous media. The local solution is obtained by defining an operator in a set of Hölder continuous functions and using Schauder’s fixed-point theorem to find a fixed point as the desired solution. Using Zorn’s lemma, we extend the local solution to a global solution, proving that the first-order spatial derivative of the temperature in each layer is a bounded function.  相似文献   
8.
D-木糖为炭源,月桂酸钠为模板剂,硼酸为掺杂剂,通过水热炭化方法制得硼掺杂分级多孔炭球(BPCS)。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、N2吸附-脱附测试、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、顺磁共振波谱(EPR)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、热重(TG)分析对样品进行表征。结果表明:月桂酸钠作为介孔造孔剂的同时,通过与D-木糖间的氢键作用使有机-有机自组装过程自发进行并形成窄尺寸分布(2~5 μm)规整炭球;硼酸在水热中催化炭源脱水降解,并以BC3、BCO2和BC2O的形式掺杂在炭球上,掺硼后炭球与水表面接触角降低,润湿性提高。经CO2活化、月桂酸钠高温分解以及胶质炭球的堆积分别产生微孔(0.5~1.2 nm)、介孔(3.14~35.00 nm)和大孔(60~146 nm)并形成分级结构。当硼酸加入量为0.927 5 g时多孔炭球(BPCS-1)的电化学性能最佳,在6 mol·L-1 KOH三电极体系中电流密度为0.5 A·g-1时,比电容达287.12 F·g-1;两电极体系中电流密度为0.5 A·g-1时比电容达151.34 F·g-1,能量密度达5.3 Wh·kg-1;电流密度为5 A·g-1时进行1 000次充放电循环,电容保持率仍达96.43%。  相似文献   
9.
Combining photothermal therapy and radiotherapy(PTT-RT) with reducing tumor hypoxia acts as an important antitumor modality. However, it is a great challenge to realize photothermal therapy, radiotherapy and exogenous oxygen supply in one nanosystem. To realize a combination of the three functions, we fabricated a red blood cell membrane(RBCm)-camouflaged, red blood cell content(RBCc) and the copper sulfide(CuS) co-loaded dendritic large pore mesoporous silica nanoparticle(DLMSN/CuS/RBCc/ RBCm). The cell membrane coating endowed the nanoparticles with good stability in the physiological environment, and CuS allowed the nanoparticle exhibiting good photothermal and radiosensitization properties. RBCc loaded nanoparticle DLMSN/CuS/RBCc enhanced superior anti-tumor effect than DLMSN/CuS during combined PTT-RT therapy because the introduction of RBCc increased the exogenous oxygen supply. The in vitro study further demonstrated that the combination of photothermal therapy and radiotherapy induced superior antitumor efficacy than single therapy. Our work thus presents a unique multifunctional nanoscale platform favorable for combined PTT and RT.  相似文献   
10.
Abstract

In this study, the photovoltaic organic-inorganic structures were created by deposition of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) film doped by poly(styrenesulfonate) and reduced graphene oxide on the porous silicon/silicon substrate. Formation of the hybrid structure was confirmed by means of atomic-force microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The current-voltage characteristics of the obtained structures were studied. It was found the increase of electrical conductivity and photo-induced signal in organic-inorganic structures. Temporal parameters and spectral characteristics of photoresponse in the 400–1100?nm wavelength range were investigated. The widening of spectral photosensitivity in a short-wavelength range due to light absorption in various layers of the multijunction structure in comparison with single crystal silicon was revealed.  相似文献   
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