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1.
级间加气是乙烯工业节能增产的重要手段,特别是百万吨乙烯压缩机加气量高达8倍于上游通流流量,对下游叶轮气动匹配及整机性能影响巨大。目前关于压缩机加气特性及与通流相互影响的研究鲜有报道。本文基于计算流体动力学方法,建立了通流部件与径向加气室内部流动的耦合模型,并以百万吨乙烯压缩机为研究对象,通过分析上一级通流特性、通流-加气侧流耦合特性、通流为射流的加气侧流特性,研究通流与侧流相互作用机理。结果表明:通流性能曲线的流动计算结果与压缩机选型程序结果吻合较好;侧流流量远高于通流流量时,通流为射流的加气侧流模型可替代复杂耗时的通流-侧流耦合模型。研究工作为压缩机级间加气的设计优化提供了快速准确的流动计算模型。  相似文献   
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Polymer electrolytes have attracted great interest for next-generation lithium-based batteries on account of safety and high energy density. In this review, we assess recent progress on the design of poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes in high voltage lithium batteries and identify possible side reactions between PEO-based electrolytes and existing cathodes. We provide an overview of the ways to enhance high voltage resistance of PEO-based electrolytes. Those include components blend, molecular design and interface modification. With these efforts, we want to present new insights into rational design of PEO-based electrolytes to develop solid-state lithium batteries for advanced performance.  相似文献   
4.
Several phenoxy-imine ligands bearing o-trityl group in phenoxy moiety RN=CHArOH (Ar = C6H2(CPh3)tBu, R = 2,6-Me2C6H3 ( L 1 H ); 2,6-iPr2C6H3 ( L 2 H ); 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3 ( L 3 H ); 3,5-(OMe)2C6H3 ( L 4 H ); CHPh2 ( L 5 H ); CPh3 ( L 6 H )) were synthesized and characterized by1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The vanadium complexes based on these ligands LVCl2(THF)2 ( 1–6 ) were synthesized via conventional transmetalation reaction in moderate to high yields. Complexes 1–6 were fully characterized by FT-IR, elemental analyses and the molecular structures of 1 , 2 ·H2O, (2 ·H2O ) 2 (μ-Cl) 2 , 4 , and 5 were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis in which the six-coordinated vanadium centers are in a typical octahedral geometry. Upon activation with Et2AlCl in toluene, complexes 1–6 showed high activities in ethylene polymerization affording polymers with moderate molecular weight (5.9–11.8 × 104 Da). Moreover, in hexane or CH2Cl2, 1–6 /Et2AlCl exhibited enhanced activities. When activated with MAO or MMAO in toluene, these complexes showed relatively low activities but afforded polymers with ultra-high molecular weight (up to 3.30 × 106 Da). 1–6 /Et2AlCl also showed high activities in ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization at room temperature giving moderate molecular-weight polymers (6.5–11.4 × 104 Da) with co-monomer incorporation being of 6.0 ~ 7.8%.  相似文献   
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In recent years ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted much interest because of their widespread use in various fields. Several trimerization and oligomerization catalysts have been evaluated in ILs with different organic–inorganic hybrid structures. High catalytic activity and selectivity, easy product separation, and recycling of the catalyst are the advantages of a biphasic catalyst system compared to the homogeneous catalysts. In this study, the influence of IL counter-anions on activity and selectivity of the ethylene trimerization catalysts based on Cr-SNS-R was investigated. All synthesized materials were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV–Vis. spectroscopy, thin-layer chromatography, and elemental analysis (CHNS). In ethylene trimerization reaction, the dodecyl substituent in the SNS ligand exhibited better activity and selectivity than the butyl substituent. The results revealed that the presence of BF4 as a counter-anion in the IL led to an increase in activity and selectivity compared to Br and I counter-anions. It was found that the BF4 counter-anion plays a conclusive role in the development of 1-hexene activity and selectivity to a maximum amount of 71,132 g1-C6/(gCr × h) and more than 99%, respectively. Finally, the catalyst was reused thrice without losing its 1-hexene selectivity.  相似文献   
6.
The thermal decomposition of post-consumer samples of a carbonated water bottle made of poly(ethylene terephthalate), PC-PET, was examined by linear temperature programing under an argon atmosphere to determine its mass loss kinetics. A simple kinetic model, called the first order pseudo single-component model, was used. The total weight-loss of each sample assumed to be in two periods, with each period corresponding to a one step decomposition of the PC-PET to volatiles. Three methods for determining the kinetic parameters by thermal gravimetric analysis were examined: differential analysis at a constant heating rate (differential), temperatures of a given conversion at a number of heating rates (isoconversional), and the maximum rate at multiple heating rates (peak temperature). The latter two multiple heating rates methods results were comparable to each other but they were not in agreement with the results from the differential method. The results of the differential method were insensitive to the heating rate and consistent with kinetics data reported in the literature for PET.  相似文献   
7.
This review gives an overview of the evolution of the technology of condensed mode cooling, primarily for the case of ethylene polymerization on supported catalysts in fluidized bed reactors. It is well known that this mode of heat removal is quite effective in allowing polyolefin manufacturers to increase significantly production rates. What is perhaps less well understood are all of the issues that, in addition to the effect of the latent heat of vaporization of injected liquid components, also have an impact on the rate of production and behavior of the reactor. However, the liquid components injected into the reactor can vaporize rapidly under full‐scale conditions, leaving behind several heavy components (with respect to ethylene) that have numerous effects on how the particles behave, on the reaction rate, and on fluidization, fouling, and other parameters related to reactor and process performance.  相似文献   
8.
α4/7-Conotoxin LvIA is an isoform-selective inhibitor of the α3β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. An efficient strategy for the synthesis of this toxin is critical to advancing its utility as a probe for receptor function and as a potential pharmaceutical lead target. On-resin methods for peptide synthesis offer potential synthetic advantages; however, strategies for on-resin formation of multiple disulfides have historically been low-yielding. Here, we harness the reactivity of the Allocam protecting group and employ a 3-amino acid spacer strategy to synthesize α4/7-conotoxin LvIA via three different on-resin strategies, each of which results in an isolated yield higher than previous fully on-resin approaches.  相似文献   
9.
A new set of Cr(III) complexes, {L}CrCl3(THF), based on thiophene–imine ( 2a , L = PhOC6H4(N═CH)‐2‐SC4H3; 2b , L = PhOC2H4(N═CH)‐2‐SC4H3; 2c , L = Ph(NH)C2H4(N═CH)‐2‐SC4H3; 2d , L = PhOC6H4(N═CH)‐2‐SC4H2‐5‐Ph; 2e , L = Ph(NH)C2H4(N═CH)‐2‐SC4H2‐5‐Ph) have been prepared and characterized using elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy. Upon activation with methylaluminoxane, all the chromium complexes generated active systems affording a nonselective distribution of α‐olefins with turnover frequencies in the range 9500–93 500 (mol ethylene) (mol Cr)?1 h?1, and producing mostly oligomers (95.0–99.3 wt% of total products). Small amounts of polymer were produced in these oligomerization reactions (0.8–8.2 wt%). The catalytic activities were quite sensitive to the ligand environment. Moreover, the effects of oligomerization parameters (temperature, [Al]/[Cr] molar ratio, time) on the activity and on the product distribution were examined.  相似文献   
10.
采用高频炉快速热解装置研究油浆的高温快速热解特性,考察了热解温度、氮气流量对气固相产物的组成和产率的影响。温度是影响气相产物产率的关键因素,气相产物主要为甲烷、氢气和乙烯,升高温度可提高甲烷和氢气的产率,而乙烯产率受高温下二次反应的影响在800℃到达最大值后逐渐降低,乙烷、丙烯产率较小且受二次反应的影响在700℃到达最大值后逐渐降低,温度高于800℃时会有少量乙炔生成且升温可提高乙炔产率。增加氮气流量可降低甲烷、氢气分压,缩短乙烯、丙烯等在高温区的停留时间,从而增加气相产物的产率。积炭产率随热解温度升高迅速增加,氮气流量的增加能够削弱二次反应从而降低积炭产率。  相似文献   
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