Formation of active phases of Fe/C,Cr/C and Fe–Cr/C catalysts in oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane

The oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane into ethylene using CO₂ as an oxidant at temperatures of 650–750 °C was carried out over Fe/C, Cr/C and Fe–Cr/C catalysts deposited on a carbon support. Before and after the reaction the catalysts were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), in situ magnetometry and transmission electron microscopy methods. The correlation between activity of Fe/C, Cr/C and Fe–Cr/C catalytic systems and their phase composition was established.     

Triruthenium clusters containing mono and bidentate phosphines: Synthesis,structure, thermal reactivity and fluxional behavior

The syntheses, structures and thermal reactions of [Ru₃(CO)₉{P(C₄H₃E)₃}(μ-dppe)] (2, E = S; 3, E = O; dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) are described. These triphosphine-substituted clusters can be easily obtained in high yield from the Me₃NO initiated room temperature reaction between [Ru₃(CO)₁₀(μ-dppe)] (1) and P(C₄H₃E)₃. Both clusters have been structurally characterized which reveals that the functionalized phosphine P(C₄H₃E)₃ is coordinated to the remote ruthenium atom using the phosphorus atom, while the NMR spectroscopic data indicate that both clusters are fluxional in solution mainly due to the ring-flipping process involving the dppe ligand which has been probed by VT NMR spectroscopy. Thermolysis of 2 at 66 °C affords 1 via P(C₄H₃S)₃ dissociation, whilst that of 3 under similar experimental conditions also furnishes the diruthenium σ,π-furyl complex [Ru₂(CO)₆(μ,η²-C₄H₃O){μ-P(C₄H₃O)₂] (4) in addition to 1.     

乙烷在金属铁表面还原NO的实验研究

温度300~1 100 ℃时,由程序控温电加热水平陶瓷管反应器在N₂气氛和模拟气氛下,对乙烷在金属铁表面还原NO的特性进行了实验研究。结果表明,乙烷在金属铁表面能够高效地还原NO。在N₂气氛中,温度高于900 ℃时,乙烷在金属铁表面的脱硝效率超过95%。在模拟烟气条件下,当温度超过900 ℃,且过量空气系数小于1.0时,乙烷在金属铁表面还原NO的效率能够达到90%以上。相同条件下,乙烷在金属铁表面脱硝效率高于甲烷的脱硝效率。SO₂对乙烷在金属铁表面还原NO的效率影响可以忽略。对反应后的铁样品的组分进行了XRD表征,在此基础上对反应机理进行了分析。结果表明,在模拟烟气条件下NO的还原通过乙烷的再燃脱硝和金属铁直接还原两个机理完成。金属铁直接还原NO时生成的氧化铁则被乙烷还原为金属铁,从而使得金属铁能够持续对NO进行直接还原。乙烷再燃还原NO的中间产物HCN被氧化铁氧化为N₂,同时氧化铁也被HCN还原为金属铁。这一过程增强了NO的持续还原反应,同时避免了在燃尽时HCN二次氧化重新生成NO,从而保证了较高的NO还原效率。     

Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Ethane Halides and Derivatives（C_2H_（6-n）X_n（n = 1～3）;X = F,Cl,Br）：DFT Study and NBO Analysis

A theoretical study of the thermal decomposition kinetics of ethane halides(C2H6-nXn(n = 1～3);X = F,Cl,Br) has been carried out at the B3LYP/6-31++G** and B3PW91/631++G** levels of theory.Among these methods and comparison of activation parameters with available experimental values,the B3PW91/6-31++G** method is in good agreement with the experimental data.The analysis of bond order and natural bond orbital(NBO) charges,bond indexes,and synchronicity parameters suggest the elimination of HX in reactions 1～9(HF:compounds 1～3,HCl:compounds 4～6,and HBr:compounds 7～9) occur through a concerted and slightly asynchronous four-membered cyclic transition state type of mechanism.     

乙烷质子传导膜燃料电池的极化与反应机理

制备了以乙烷作为燃料电池膜电极组装(MEA)及构建了单电池系统。研究了Nafion材料作为质子传导膜、Pt/C作为电极催化剂构成的燃料电池在105 ℃和0.4 MPa电化学性能。采用交流阻抗分析法、色谱分析法及根据Faraday定律,考察了电池的电极极化过程,确定了电池的反应产物并探讨了电极的电化学反应机理。研究结果表明,乙烷燃料电池内阻引起的欧姆极化很小,电池阴极的极化主要是欧姆极化过程所控制,阳极极化主要为活化和浓差过程控制,阳极极化比阴极极化显著,乙烷燃料电池的极化主要在阳极侧;在实验操作条件下,阴极反应产物为水,阳极反应的主产物为CO₂且含有少量的CO,电池反应产物不含乙烯。     

Selective Oxidation of Ethane to Acetic Acid Catalyzed by a C-Scorpionate Iron(II) Complex: A Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous Comparison

The direct, one-pot oxidation of ethane to acetic acid was, for the first time, performed using a C-scorpionate complex anchored onto a magnetic core-shell support, the Fe₃O₄/TiO₂/[FeCl₂{κ³-HC(pz)₃}] composite. This catalytic system, where the magnetic catalyst is easily recovered and reused, is highly selective to the acetic acid synthesis. The performed green metrics calculations highlight the “greeness” of the new ethane oxidation procedure.     

(1,2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑))乙烷的一维双链Cu(Ⅱ)配合物合成与表征(英文)

利用高度柔性的双三唑配体(1,2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑))乙烷(L)和铜盐反应合成了1个新的具有一维双链结构的铜(Ⅱ)配合物{[Cu(cis-L)2Br]Br.2H2O}n(1)。单晶结构表明:配合物1的晶体属于三斜晶系,P1空间群。在配合物1中双三唑配体采用反式构型,桥联相邻的中心铜离子形成一维双链结构,晶格中游离的Br原子同配位水分子形成了四元环状的Br…O超分子环。测定了配合物1在2～300 K的变温磁化率,结果表明相邻铜离子间存在弱的反铁磁相互作用。     

Ni基乙烷脱氢催化剂的性能及其改进

过渡金属Ni是地球上储量丰富的金属元素, 在加氢脱硫、重整制氢等催化领域应用非常广泛, 但是关于Ni基催化剂在烷烃脱氢方面的研究较少; 因此, 本工作采用不同的方法, 制备了三种结构的Ni基负载催化剂, 即尖晶石分解型、浸渍型和钙钛矿析出型, 并在700 ℃、C₂H₆-N₂气氛中和50 mL•min^-1气体流速下, 探索了它们的乙烷脱氢性能. 结果表明: 尖晶石分解型催化剂Ni_1-xCu_xCr₂O₄还原后在Cr₂O₃表面形成Ni-Cu合金颗粒, 能有效钝化Ni的C—C键断裂活性, 提高乙烯的选择性. Ni含量过高时, Ni不能有效地分散而形成大的金属团簇, 造成乙烷过度裂解, 乙烯选择性较低. 浸渍负载型催化剂Ni_xM_y/Al₂O₃ (M为Cu或Ag) 比表面积大, 表面活性位点分散, 但活性金属与载体结合力弱, 在高温下不稳定; Cu或Ag与Ni形成合金, 可有效提高乙烯选择性, Ag较Cu的效果更佳. 钙钛矿析出型催化剂LaCr_1-xNi_xO₃(LCNi-100x)在还原气氛中析出均匀细小的Ni颗粒, 其与基体结合力强, 抗积碳性能和稳定性较高; 含15% Ni的LCNi-15还原后(R-LCNi-15)表现出最好的催化性能, 乙烯产率最高(24%), 同时具有较好的抗积碳性能和稳定性以及氧化再生性.