电镀铜实验中镀层性质及其影响因素的探究*

电镀实验是电解原理应用的重要案例,通过实验不仅要获得定性的感性认知,还应该获得定量的理性数据。针对电镀铜实验,通过改变铜离子浓度、pH、电解时间、电解电压和电解温度等因素,探究其对镀层厚度、均匀性和致密性等性质的影响,在电解原理的基础上分析其形成机制,从而确定了电镀铜较适宜的操作条件,以此为学生开展电镀实验提供参考案例与研究思路。     

EMI shielding performance of electroless coated iron nanoparticles on graphite in low-density polyethylene composite for X-band applications

In the proposed work, an investigation of shielding effectiveness (SE) for varying compositions of Graphene, Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), and Iron nanoparticles coated on Graphite (Fe@Graphite) was conducted in X-band (8.2 GHz–12.4 GHz). All these are mixed in an LDPE matrix. The nanomaterial was subjected to chemical characterization, i.e., Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The shielding observed is dominantly due to absorption. The lattice structure which facilitates the shielding due to absorption was the hexagonal graphite structure on whose surface iron nanoparticles were embedded and used as the magnetic filler. At the same time, Graphene and MWCNT act as electrically conducting fillers. The Total shielding effectiveness(SE_T) was maximum for LDPE, MWCNT, Graphene, and Fe@Graphite, in the ratio of 50: 5: 25: 20 by weight %, and is 49 dB at 9.65 GHz for a sample thickness of 3 mm.     

Ni(OH)2修饰的三聚氰胺泡沫用于可压缩超级电容器电极

通过化学镀和电化学镀的方法制备了一种Ni(OH)₂电化学活性材料修饰三聚氰胺泡沫(MF)可压缩骨架的超级电容器电极材料MF/Ni(OH)₂。MF/Ni(OH)₂可压缩电极材料表现出最佳的电容性能,例如循环稳定性(即使在40 mA/cm^-3的电流密度下经过2000次充放电循环后,可压缩电极仍能保持90.63%的初始电容)和可压缩稳定性(即使在压缩率为50%时,仍具有97.88%的电容保持率)。层状可压缩超级电容器由MF/Ni(OH)₂弹性材料作为阳极,镍/碳(Ni/C)为阴极以及实验室中常用的滤纸作隔膜材料组成。这种超级电容器装置在不同的压缩下表现出良好的电化学性能和优异的压缩稳定性。最后,使用可压缩的超级电容器来点亮LED灯,以展示其在柔性电子设备中的应用。这些优化的电化学和机械性能表明MF/Ni(OH)₂可作为可压缩超级电容器的应用中的候选电极。     

Selective separation of trace nickel(II) and gold(I) ions via hollow fiber supported liquid membrane enhanced by synergistic extractants D2EHPA/TBP

This work presents the selective and simultaneous separation of nickel (Ni²⁺) and gold ([Au(CN)₂]⁻) ions, in trace amounts, from alkaline solution via hollow fiber supported liquid membrane (HFSLM) technique. HFSLM is challengingly carried out in real rinse wastewater generated by the ENIG plating process. The influence of various chemical parameters, including the type of extractant and their concentrations, molar ratios of mixed extractant as well as type of strippant, are also studied. The organophosphorus extractant mixtures of D2EHPA and TBP provide a synergistic effect for target Ni²⁺ ions but has an antagonistic effect as regards the extraction of non-target [Au(CN)₂]⁻ ions. Compared to other inorganic acids, HCl is seen to be the most suitable strippant for the selective stripping. Results demonstrate that percentages of extraction and stripping of Ni²⁺ ions achieved 85.7 and 83.2%, respectively. In contrast, percentages of extraction and stripping of non-target [Au(CN)₂]⁻ ions attained 15.6 and 1.94%.     

Transformation of hydrophobic surface into superhydrophobic surface by interfacial flower like silver films

Fabrication of superhydrophobic surface was achieved by electroless deposition of silver film and subsequent immersion into a mixture of stearic acid and cysteamine. The resultant superhydrophobic surface with flower and fall‐leaves like structure showed lotus leaf effect with the water contact angle of about 154° making copper surface water repellant. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

搅拌速率对β-PbO_2-CeO_2-ZrO_2复合电极材料电化学性能的影响

为了提高三价铬镀铬工艺中阳极材料的性能,采用阳极氧化法制备了掺杂纳米颗粒的β-Pb O2-Ce O2-Zr O2复合电极材料。通过扫描电化学显微镜和析氧极化曲线的测量,考察了不同搅拌速率条件下制备的复合电极材料在硫酸盐体系三价铬镀液中的电催化活性,利用塔菲尔曲线考察了复合电极材料的耐蚀性,并辅以扫描电镜表征了电极材料的微观形貌。结果表明:当施镀搅拌速率为350 r·min-1时,所制备的复合电极材料具有结构致密、电催化活性高、耐蚀性强等特点。     

化学镀耐磨自润滑Ni-P复合镀层的摩擦磨损性能

利用化学复合镀技术制备了Ni-P-碳纳米管(Ni-P-CNTs)和Ni-P-无机类富勒烯WS2[Ni-P-(IF-WS2)]复合镀层,考察了复合镀层的减摩抗磨性能.结果表明,Ni-P-CNTs和Ni-P-(IF-WS2)复合镀层的减摩抗磨性能优于化学镀Ni-P和Ni-P-石墨镀层,其原因在于Ni-P-CNTs化学复合镀层中的碳纳米管具有优异力学性能和同轴石墨纳米管结构,而Ni-P-(IF-WS2)化学复合镀层中的IF-WS2具有封闭层状类富勒烯球形结构,二者均具有优异的自润滑性能.     

银纳米颗粒/多孔硅复合材料的制备与气敏性能研究

采用双槽电化学腐蚀法以电阻率为10-15 Ω·cm的p型<100>晶向的单晶硅片制备了孔径约为1.5 μm, 孔深约为15-20 μm的p型多孔硅, 并以此多孔硅作为基底采用无电沉积法通过调控沉积时间在其表面沉积了不同厚度的银纳米颗粒薄膜. 采用扫描电子显微镜和X 射线衍射仪表征了银纳米颗粒/多孔硅复合材料的形貌和微观结构, 结果表明银纳米颗粒较均匀的分布于多孔硅的表面上且沉积时间对产物的形貌有重要影响. 采用静态配气法在室温下研究了银纳米颗粒/多孔硅复合材料对NH₃的气敏性能. 气敏测试结果表明沉积时间对产物的气敏性能影响较大. 当沉积时间较短时, 适量银纳米颗粒掺杂的多孔硅复合材料由于其较高的比表面积以及特殊的形貌和结构, 对NH₃气体表现出较高的灵敏度、优良的响应/恢复性能. 室温下, 其对50 ppm 的NH₃气体的气敏灵敏度可以达到5.8左右.     

电刷镀镍纳米镀层的结构和磨损性能

应用电刷镀技术,以快速镍镀液制备了镍纳米镀层;用X射线衍射仪和原子力显微镜分析了经不同温度下热处理后的镍刷镀层的结构和晶粒尺寸,并测定了刷镀层的显微硬度和耐磨性能.结果表明:镀层的晶粒大小随热处理温度的升高先降低而后增大,经300 ℃热处理后的镍纳米镀层的晶粒尺寸小于30 nm;镍镀层在300 ℃左右热处理时表现出较明显的强化趋势,相应镀层的晶粒尺寸最小、硬度最大;而镀层的耐磨性随热处理温度的变化与镀层的硬度略有不同,经200 ℃热处理后的镍镀层的耐磨性能最好.     

氮化钛微粉增强镍磷化学复合镀层的组织及其摩擦磨损性能研究

利用自蔓延高温合成法得到的氮化钛微粉制备了Ｎｉ－Ｐ－ＴｉＮ化学复合镀层，采用Ｘ射线衍射仪，扫描电子显微镜和电子探针分析了镀层的组织和结构，并在球－块摩擦磨损试验机上对镀层的摩擦学特性进行了研究，结果表明，ＴｉＮ微粉可使Ｎｉ－Ｐ化学镀层的组织明显细化，且能提高镀层的最佳时效硬化温度随着Ｎｉ－Ｐ－ＴｉＮ化学复合镀层中ＴｉＮ共析量的增摩擦系数逐渐降低并趋于稳定，耐磨性则存在的一个最佳ＴｉＮ含量；ＴｉＮ微