Multiscaling analysis of a slowly varying anaerobic digestion model

We construct the slowly varying limiting state solutions to a nonlinear dynamical system for anaerobic digestion with Monod-based kinetics involving slowly varying model parameters arising from slow environmental variation. The advantage of these approximate solutions over numerical solutions is their applicability to a wide range of parameter values. We use these limiting state solutions to develop analytic approximations to the full nonlinear system by applying a multiscaling technique. The approximate solutions are shown to compare favorably with numerical solutions.     

自动石墨消解–电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定左氧氟沙星胶囊中7种金属元素

建立自动石墨消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定左氧氟沙星胶囊中铅、铬、砷、镉、锡、铝、铁7种金属元素含量的方法。以HNO3-H2O2()体积比为1∶1为消解体系,采用自动石墨消解法消解左氧氟沙星胶囊样品,消解液除酸后,用5%硝酸溶液定容至50 mL,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法对消解液进行测定,以内标法定量。铅、铬、砷、镉、锡、铝、铁的质量浓度在0.05~20.0μg/mL范围内与质谱响应值成良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.998,方法检出限为0.119~1.323μg/kg。样品加标回收率为91.2%~105.5%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.67%~3.46%(n=6)。该方法样品前处理简单,检出限低,测定结果准确,适用于左氧氟沙星胶囊等沙星类抗生素中多种金属元素残留的测定。     

微波消解-磷钼蓝分光光度法测定钨矿石中的磷含量

针对钨矿石中的微量元素磷,采用混合酸快速微波消解结合磷钼蓝分光光度法进行测定。经选择优化样品的微波消解和实验测定条件,结果表明:HCl+HNO3+HF的混合酸微波消解后的样品,在硫酸介质中,有钼酸铵存在时,用抗坏血酸将磷还原成磷钼蓝络合物,在825nm处比色测定。方法的加标回收率为98.9%~101.6%,结果准确可靠。硅在熔样过程中挥发除去不会干扰测定,砷会干扰实验,可在酸介质中加入碘化钾,使砷还原至低价而不干扰磷的测定。     

微波消解-ICP-MS法测定药用明胶空心胶囊中微量重金属元素

采用微波消解技术,建立了一种电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定明胶空心胶囊中Cr,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Cd,Hg和Pb 9种微量重金属元素的方法。确定了微波消解仪和等离子体质谱仪的最佳操作参数,研究共存离子的干扰和消除方法,选择了各元素的测定同位素,以Ge,Rh和Tl为内标补偿基体效应,建立了样品测定方法。应用拟定的方法测定了不同生产厂家、不同批次的空心胶囊中微量重金属的含量。方法对试样中各元素测定的相对标准偏差为1.5%~14.1%,加标回收率在90.0%~102.0%。结果表明,方法简便、快速、灵敏,满足于空心胶囊中9种重金属元素的测定要求。     

厌氧消化过程化学变化的教学研究

有氧和无氧分解是生物体代谢有机物的2种途径,前者一直是生物化学课程中物质代谢的教学核心和重点。厌氧消化是有机物经无氧分解生成甲烷和二氧化碳的途径,相比于有氧分解,其具有化学反应众多、中间产物多、途径复杂等特点,同时对维护自然生态平衡、物质循环和人类社会的绿色健康发展等具有重要作用。如此重要的途径长期以来一直没有在生物化学教材与教学内容中体现,亟需进行教学改革。利用布鲁姆教学目标分类理论将厌氧消化过程中的主要反应、氧化还原过程及电子传递、热力学变化及串联反应等知识进行系统介绍,对物质代谢的另一条无氧路径进行补充,丰富了学生代谢网络的知识框架,完善了生物化学教学体系,相关教学内容和经验可供同行参考借鉴,对相关课程教学改革具有重要价值。     

高压密闭消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定青藏高原气溶胶样品中磷及其他18种元素

气溶胶中磷（P）的准确测定是评估磷沉降对青藏高原生态效应及磷的生物地球化学循环的重要前提。针对青藏高原气溶胶中磷含量低及滤膜单个样品量有限的特征,本文建立了高压密闭消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定气溶胶中磷及其他元素含量的方法。电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测得P元素的检出限为3.5 μg/L,优于电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP-OES）的检测限（89 μg/L）,其他元素检出限均达到μg/L（ppb）级（0.013-36 μg/L）,部分元素如Co、Cd、Pb等达到ng/L（ppt）级（2-7 ng/L）。各元素线性关系良好,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD) < 5%,磷的加标回收在90-103%, 方法准确度和精密度满足分析要求。该方法成功地测定了青藏高原实际气溶胶样品中磷及其他元素,具有良好的可靠性和实用性。     

增敏剂改进超级微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定食品中硒元素

合适比例增敏剂会对超级微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定食品中硒元素含量具有一定的优化效果。本文采用超级微波消解仪对1.0 g食品样品进行全消解,采用碰撞池模式规避质谱干扰,内标校正非质谱干扰,选择甲醇、乙醇、乙酸、异丙醇、丙三醇作为增敏剂,并调整测试过程中的添加比例,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定。结果表明：2%异丙醇存在时硒元素各同位素响应值最高,其中78Se具有低至0.0003 mg·kg-1的方法检出限;用以上方法对食品标准物质（GSB-8、GSB-9、GSB-24、GSB-30）及实际样品进行分析,标准物质测定值均在其认定值及不确定度范围内,相对误差小于-5.4%;实际样品测定值的相对标准偏差（n=7,RSD）为0.3~1.7%,加标回收率为99.2~105%。本方法操作简便,精密度好,准确度高,可以作为各类食品样品中硒含量测试方法。     

In-bone protein digestion followed by LC-MS/MS peptide analysis as a new way towards the routine proteomic characterization of human maxillary and mandibular bone tissue in oral surgery

Proteomic characterization of alveolar bones in oral surgery represents an analytical challenge due to their insoluble character. The implementation of a straightforward technique could lead to the routine use of proteomics in this field. This work thus developed a simple technique for the characterization of bone tissue for human maxillary and mandibular bones. It is based on the direct in-bone tryptic digestion of proteins in both healthy and pathological human maxillary and mandibular bone samples. The released peptides were then identified by the LC-MS/MS. Using this approach, a total of 1120 proteins were identified in the maxillary bone and 1151 proteins in the mandibular bone. The subsequent partial least squares–discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) of protein data made it possible to reach 100% discrimination between the samples of healthy alveolar bones and those of the bone tissue surrounding the inflammatory focus. These results indicate that the in-bone protein digestion followed by the LC-MS/MS and subsequent statistical analysis can provide a deeper insight into the field of oral surgery at the molecular level. Furthermore, it could also have a diagnostic potential in the differentiation between the proteomic patterns of healthy and pathological alveolar bone tissue. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD026775.     

高精度镉同位素分析样品消解方法对比研究

为考察不同消解方法的优缺点以及对不同基质样品(沉积物和大米)Cd同位素组成的影响,该文采用干法灰化法、酸提取法、微波消解法和高温高压密闭消解法等消解方法对水系沉积物(GSD)进行消解处理,比较了不同消解方法对沉积物Cd同位素组成测定的影响。随后使用微波消解法和高温高压密闭消解法对大米标准物质以及实际大米样品进行了消解。结果表明：高温高压密闭消解法所获得的沉积物Cd同位素测试结果在国内外文献报道的参考值范围内,能够满足同位素测定要求。而使用干法灰化法和酸提取法消解样品时,由于存在元素损失或消解不完全,标准物质Cd元素的回收率偏低(低至72.8%),导致同位素测试结果显著偏离真实值(Δ114/110Cd值最大偏差达0.24‰)。微波消解法处理标准物质Cd元素的回收率在96.6%~98.8%范围内,且同位素测试结果与高温高压密闭消解法结果吻合良好(Δ114/110Cd≤±0.04‰),表明微波消解法可以满足沉积物Cd同位素的测定要求,能够获得准确的Cd同位素组成数据。对大米标准物质和实际大米样品进行消解,所获得的Cd同位素测试结果与上述沉积物样品结果相同(Δ114/110Cd≤±0.04‰),进一步验证了微波消解法的可靠性,证实微波消解法可用于沉积物及植物样品(大米)Cd同位素分析的快速消解。     

New Bioactive Peptides Identified from a Tilapia Byproduct Hydrolysate Exerting Effects on DPP-IV Activity and Intestinal Hormones Regulation after Canine Gastrointestinal Simulated Digestion

Like their owners, dogs and cats are more and more affected by overweight and obesity-related problems and interest in functional pet foods is growing sharply. Through numerous studies, fish protein hydrolysates have proved their worth to prevent and manage obesity-related comorbidities like diabetes. In this work, a human in vitro static simulated gastrointestinal digestion model was adapted to the dog which allowed us to demonstrate the promising effects of a tilapia byproduct hydrolysate on the regulation of food intake and glucose metabolism. Promising effects on intestinal hormones secretion and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activity were evidenced. We identify new bioactive peptides able to stimulate cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretions, and to inhibit the DPP-IV activity after a transport study through a Caco-2 cell monolayer.