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1.
Cancer is a highly heterogenous disease that requires precise detection tools and active surveillance methods. Liquid biopsy assays provide an agnostic way to follow the complex trajectory of cancer, providing better patient stratification tools for optimized treatment. Here, we present the development of a low-volume liquid biopsy assay called cyc-DEP (cyclic immunofluorescent imaging on dielectrophoretic chip) to profile biomarkers collected on a dielectrophoretic microfluidic chip platform. To enable on-chip cyclic imaging, we optimized a fluorophore quenching method and sequential rounds of on-chip staining with fluorescently conjugated primary antibodies. cyc-DEP allows for the quantification of a multiplex array of proteins using 25 µl of a patient plasma sample. We utilized nanoparticles from a prostate adenocarcinoma (LNCaP) cell line and a panel of six target proteins to develop our proof-of-concept technique. We then used cyc-DEP to quantify blood plasma levels of target proteins from healthy individuals, low-grade and high-grade prostate cancer patients (n = 3 each) in order to demonstrate that our platform is suitable for liquid biopsy analysis in its present form. To ensure accurate quantification of signal intensities and comparisons between different samples, we incorporated a signal intensity normalization method (fluorescent beads) and a custom signal intensity quantification algorithm that account for the distribution of signal across hundreds of collection regions on each chip. Our technique enabled a threefold improvement in multiplicity for detecting proteins associated with fluid samples, opening doors for early detection, and active surveillance through quantification of a multiplex array of biomarkers from low-volume liquid biopsies.  相似文献   
2.
Anionic ring-opening polymerization (ROP) behavior of trans-cyclohexene carbonate (CHC) using metal alkoxides as initiators was investigated. As a result, lithium tert-butoxide-initiated ROP of CHC with a high-monomer concentration (10 M) at low temperature (−15 to −10°C) proceeded to afford a poly(trans-cyclohexene carbonate) (PCHC) without undesired side reactions such as mainly backbiting. The suppression of side reactions enables the control of the molecular weight (Mn = 2400–6100) of PCHC with low molar-mass dispersity values (Mw/Mn = 1.16–1.22). Furthermore, by increasing the feed ratio of the monomer to the initiator, the molecular weight increases proportionally, indicating a controllable polymerization. The results of a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis, a kinetic study, and a chain extension experiment suggested a living nature of this ROP using lithium tert-butoxide.  相似文献   
3.
Liposomes are effective therapeutic delivery nanocarriers due to their ability to encapsulate and enhance the pharmacokinetic properties of a wide range of therapeutics. Two primary areas in which improvement is needed for liposomal drug delivery is to enhance the ability to infiltrate cells and to facilitate derivatization of the liposome surface. Herein, we report a liposome platform incorporating a cyclic disulfide lipid (CDL) for the dual purpose of enhancing cell entry and functionalizing the liposome membrane through thiol-disulfide exchange. In order to accomplish this, CDL-1 and CDL-2 , composed of lipoic acid (LA) or asparagusic acid (AA) appended to a lipid scaffold, were designed and synthesized. A fluorescence-based microplate immobilization assay was implemented to show that these compounds enable convenient membrane decoration through reaction with thiol-functionalized small molecules. Additionally, fluorescence microscopy experiments indicated dramatic enhancements in cellular delivery when CDLs were incorporated within liposomes. These results demonstrate that multifunctional CDLs serve as an exciting liposome system for surface decoration and enhanced cellular delivery.  相似文献   
4.
The electronic structure of quantum dots (QDs) including band edges and possible trap states is an important physical property for optoelectronic applications. The reliable determination of the energy levels of QDs remains a big challenge. Herein we employ cyclic voltammetry (CV) to determine the energy levels of three types of ZnO QDs with different surface ligands. Coupled with spectroscopic techniques, it is found that the onset potential of the first reductive wave is likely related to the conduction band edges while the first oxidative wave originates from the trap states. The determined specific energy levels in CV further demonstrates that the ZnO QDs without surface ligands mainly have oxygen interstitial defects whilst the ZnO QDs covered with ligands contain oxygen vacancies. The present electrochemical method offers a powerful and effective way to determine the energy levels of wide bandgap ZnO QDs, which will boost their device performance.  相似文献   
5.
《Mendeleev Communications》2022,32(4):520-522
Investigations of nanocomposite thin films based on polyarylene- phthalide, single-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide have been carried out. Using these films as a transport layer, field-effect transistors were assembled and their output and transfer characteristics were measured. The mobility of charge carriers was estimated and the obtained values are as follows: μPAP/GO = 0.020 cm2 V?1 s?1 and μPAP/SWCNT = 0.071 cm2 V?1 s?1.  相似文献   
6.
A mathematical model of simultaneous cobalt deposition and hydrogen evolution was developed and applied to the electroreduction process of 5 mM Co2+ ions investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique at different hydrogen ion concentrations (pH=2, 3, 4). The kinetic parameters of such a complex process were determined, and the validity of the model and its sensitivity to changes in individual parameters were verified. The relative value of the approximate standard deviation (ASD%) was used to determine the degree of fit of the model to the experimental data. The catalytic effect of cobalt on the hydrogen evolution process was comprehensively confirmed.  相似文献   
7.
A series of metal ion complexes was prepared in solid state from Cu(II), Hg(II) and UO2(II) ions with 3-oxo-3-(2-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)hydrazineyl)-N-phenylpropanamide (H3L) ligand through solvent free synthesis methodology. The chemical formulae of the new compounds were estimated according to variable spectral and analytical investigations. The ligand exhibited a neutral or mononegative tetradentate mode of coordination towards the central ions inside the octahedral arrangement that proposed for the three complexes. The DFT/B3LYP method was applied under different basis sets (6-31G*or SDD) to optimize the structures of new compounds except the UO2(II) complex. The computational data were investigated to verify the binding mode that suggested spectrally. Moreover, studies in solution regarding Cu(II) ion via cyclic voltammetry were performed in absence or presence of H3L, to realize the significant effect of complex formation on the electrochemical manners of copper. The shifts in the potential peaks accompanied by the changes in the values of parameters correspond to kinetic and thermodynamic. Also, the solvation and kinetic characteristics for the cathodic and anodic potential of Cu(II) ion in absence or presence of H3L at different scan rates, were estimated. Finally, the ligand and copper ion exhibited high affinity towards complexation in solution. Furthermore, the activity of the new compounds towards inhibiting microbes was studied against Staphylococcus aureus (G+) and Escherichia coli (G-) bacteria as well as Candida albicans (fungus) by determining the inhibition zone diameter. Also, both the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of the isolated compounds were evaluated. Commonly, a remarkable antimicrobial and anticancer activity was appeared with UO2(II) complex and the ligand. While, the antioxidant activity of all compounds appeared lower.  相似文献   
8.
An applicable square wave anodic adsorptive stripping voltammetric (SWAdASV) technique was utilized for linagliptin determination. A glassy carbon electrode was modified with graphene oxide to increase the electrode reactivity. The method is cheap, accurate, precise, and selective, with a good linearity range and a low detection limit. The proposed method was the first one to determine linagliptin in the feces, which is the main route for excreting the drug from the body. The electrode was characterized using various techniques, including Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and the oxidation mechanism of the drug was examined. The proposed method has a linear range of 9.45–103.96 ng mL?1. The detection limit was 4.0 ng mL?1. The modified electrode was employed efficiently to determine the drug in tablet formulations, spiked human urine, plasma, and rats' feces with high recoveries. The proposed method's results were statistically compared with those of another previously published method.  相似文献   
9.
A recently discovered 2D transition titanium metal carbides also called as MXenes (Ti3C2Tx)-based nanocomposite was prepared with Cu2O through wet precipitation technique, and these materials were further developed as the electrode for sensing glucose by chronoamperometry technique. The prepared MXene-Cu2O (Ti3C2Tx-Cu2O) nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, FE-SEM, EDAX, and Raman spectroscopy. Morphological studies of the composites revealed that the micro-octahedral shape of Cu2O is distributed on the surface of MXene with size larger than bare Cu2O. Further, the prepared composite material was fabricated as a sensing probe, and the electrochemical activities were examined by cyclic voltammetric analysis (CV) and chronoamperometric (CA) methods. From the CV and CA investigation, the current response was higher for the composite than the bare material (Cu2O & MXene) in the presence of glucose. The amperometric investigation of MXene-Cu2O composite for the detection of glucose shows a broad linear range (0.01–30 mM) with a sensitivity of 11.061/μAmM cm?2 and a detection limit of 2.83 μM. Further, the fabricated sensor exhibits good selectivity with interfering species like NaCl, fructose, sucrose, urea, ascorbic acid, lactose, short response time, stability, good reproducibility, and compatibility with human serum sample. From the investigation, the prepared MXene-Cu2O composite is a good candidate for the direct detection of glucose molecules and is also well suitable for clinical diagnosis.  相似文献   
10.
张涛  蔚立元  苏海健  罗宁  魏江波 《爆炸与冲击》2022,42(1):013103-1-013103-11
为探究循环冲击损伤后大理岩的静态断裂力学特征,基于有限差分(finite difference method,FDM)-离散元(discrete element method,DEM)耦合的建模技术构建了三维分离式霍普金森压杆(split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)数值模型,其中杆件系统和岩石试件分别采用FLAC3D和PFC3D程序建模。利用该模型对中心直切槽半圆盘(NSCB)试样进行了恒定子弹速度下的循环冲击,随后对受损试样进行静态三点弯曲断裂实验。通过编写Fish程序,提取试样断裂面数据,对断裂面进行重构并定量计算表面粗糙度。通过与相关室内实验结果的对比分析,验证了本文数值分析的合理性与可靠性。模拟结果表明,随着循环冲击次数的增加,试样内部微裂纹、破碎颗粒均增加。连接力场分布混乱,部分力链发生断裂。力链的变化是试样力学性能劣化的根本原因。在静态三点弯曲断裂实验中,冲击5次后试样的静态断裂韧度较天然试样产生一定程度的降低。试样在静载过程中产生的微裂纹和碎块的数量随循环冲击次数的增加而增加,断裂面粗糙度随循环冲击次数的增加而增加。  相似文献   
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