氧化锰八面体分子筛的合成、表征及其催化燃烧性能

通过回流法和固相法合成了隐钾锰矿型氧化锰八面体分子筛OMS-2催化剂,采用XRD、FE-SEM、O2-TPD-MS和H2-TPR等表征技术考察了分子筛催化剂的形态和表面氧的热脱附性能及还原性能,并将其应用于甲苯和甲醛的催化燃烧反应.实验结果表明,合成方法对制备的催化剂的表面性质和催化燃烧性能具有显著影响.回流法制备的催化剂对于甲苯的燃烧具有较高的活性,而固相法合成的催化剂在甲醛的燃烧中具有更好的催化活性.催化燃烧性能取决于催化剂的表面形态和氧物种的种类.回流法制备的样品因具有较大的比表面积和较活泼的α氧物种,有利于甲苯的催化燃烧,而固相法合成的催化剂中质量分数较高的β氧物种对甲醛分子的燃烧更具促进作用.     

Factors Governing the Activity of α-MnO2 Catalysts in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction: Conductivity versus Exposed Surface Area of Cryptomelane

Cryptomelane (α-(K)MnO₂) powders were synthesized by different methods leading to only slight differences in their bulk crystal structure and chemical composition, while the BET surface area and the crystallite size differed significantly. Their performance in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) covered a wide range and their sequence of increasing activity differed when electrocatalysis in alkaline electrolyte and chemical water oxidation using Ce⁴⁺ were compared. The decisive factors that explain this difference were identified in the catalysts’ microstructure. Chemical water oxidation activity is substantially governed by the exposed surface area, while the electrocatalytic activity is determined largely by the electric conductivity, which was found to correlate with the particle morphology in terms of needle length and aspect ratio in this sample series. This correlation is rather explained by an improved conductivity due to longer needles than by structure sensitivity as was supported by reference experiments using H₂O₂ decomposition and carbon black as additive. The most active catalyst R-cryptomelane reached a current density of 10 mA cm⁻² at a potential 1.73 V without, and at 1.71 V in the presence of carbon black. The improvement was significantly higher for the catalyst with lower initial activity. However, the materials showed a disappointing catalytic stability during alkaline electrochemical OER, whereas the crystal structure was found to be stable at working conditions.