雾化辅助化学气相沉积法氧化镓薄膜生长研究

采用自主设计搭建的雾化辅助化学气相沉积系统设备,开展了Ga₂O₃薄膜制备及其特性研究工作。通过X射线衍射研究了沉积温度、系统沉积压差对Ga₂O₃薄膜结晶质量的影响。结果表明,Ga₂O₃在425~650 ℃温度区间存在物相转换关系。随着沉积温度从425 ℃升高至650 ℃,薄膜结晶分别由非晶态、纯α-Ga₂O₃结晶状态向α-Ga₂O₃、β-Ga₂O₃两相混合结晶状态改变。通过原子力显微镜表征探究了生长温度对Ga₂O₃薄膜表面形貌的影响,从475 ℃升高至650 ℃时,薄膜表面粗糙度由26.8 nm下降至24.8 nm。同时,高分辨X射线衍射仪测试表明475 ℃、5 Pa压差条件下的α-Ga₂O₃薄膜样品半峰全宽仅为190.8″,为高度结晶态的单晶α-Ga₂O₃薄膜材料。     

峨山褐煤的分子结构和分子模拟

作为重要的化石能源，褐煤资源潜力巨大、分布广泛但综合利用率低。研究褐煤的分子结构模型，有助于预测褐煤在热解、液化和气化过程中的化学反应机理及反应路径，进而提高褐煤的综合应用水平。以云南峨山褐煤为研究对象，利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、13C核磁共振波谱及X射线光电子能谱等分析测试方法，获取了峨山褐煤的含碳、含氧及含氮结构参数。在此基础上，借助Gaussian 09计算平台，采用量子化学建模的方法构建并优化了峨山褐煤的分子结构模型。研究结果表明：峨山褐煤的芳碳率为39.20%，芳香碳结构主要为苯和萘，且芳香桥头碳与周边碳的比值χ_b为0.07；脂碳率为49.51%，脂肪碳结构主要为亚甲基，季碳和氧接脂碳；氧原子主要存在于羟基、醚氧、羰基和羧基结构中；含氮结构则以吡啶为主。基于元素分析、13C 核磁共振波谱分析，又经过热重实验消除褐煤中残余水分的影响后，计算出峨山褐煤的分子式为C₁₅₃H₁₃₇O₃₅N₂。依据分子式及分析结果计算出峨山褐煤的结构单元含量并构建出其初始结构模型，采用半经验法PM 3基组及密度泛函理论M06-2X/3-21G基组对初始分子构型进行优化。优化后的分子模型具有明显的三维立体特征，芳香环之间较为分散且在空间中排列不规则，芳香簇主要通过亚甲基、醚氧基、羰基、酯基和脂肪环连接，含氧官能团主要分布在分子边缘，脂肪族侧链较多。对优化后的分子模型进行振动频率计算进而获得了分子模型的模拟红外光谱，其与实验红外谱图吻合度良好，证明了峨山褐煤分子结构模型的准确性、合理性。分子结构模型的构建有利于直观地了解峨山褐煤的分子结构特征，从而有助于从微观分子角度研究峨山褐煤的宏观性质。同时，峨山褐煤分子结构模型可为其在热解、液化和气化等领域研究中提供理论指导。     

X-ray emission for Ar11+ ions impacting on various targets in the collisions near the Bohr velocity

X-ray emission from the collisions of 3 MeV Ar¹¹⁺ ions with V, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn is investigated. Both the x-rays of the target atom and projectile are observed simultaneously. The x-ray yield is extracted from the original count. The inner-shell ionization cross section is estimated by the binary encounter approximation model and compared with the experimental result. The remarkable result is that the Ar K-shell x-ray yield is diminished with the target atomic number increasing, which is completely opposite to the theoretical calculation. That is interpreted by the competitive consumption of the energy loss for the ionization of inner-shell electrons between the projectile and target atom.     

Synthesis of flower-like WS2 by chemical vapor deposition

Flower-like tungsten disulfide (WS₂) with a diameter of 5-10 μm is prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy are used to characterize its morphological and optical properties, and its growth mechanism is discussed. The key factors for the formation of flower-like WS₂ are determined. Firstly, the cooling process causes the generation of nucleation dislocations, and then the "leaf" growth of flower-like WS₂ is achieved by increasing the temperature.     

阳离子交换皂石黏土在基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱分析中的应用

将一种人工合成的无机聚合物——蒙脱石皂石黏土（smectite，Sm）应用于基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱分析（matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry, MALDI-TOF-MS），以检测糖类化合物。 将传统的有机基质2，4，6-三羟基苯乙酮（trihydroxyacetophenone, THAP）与阳离子交换后的皂石黏土混合制备成新型复合基质，应用于糖类化合物的检测。通过比较不同的制样方法，测定不同分子直径的糖类化合物，发现由于受复合基质晶面间距的限制，只有小分子糖类化合物能进入晶面间隙充分接触有机基质并被离子化，从而实现对小分子糖类化合物的选择性检测。     

Ultrahigh Loading Copper Single Atom Catalyst for Palladium-free Wacker Oxidation

Wacker oxidation is an industry-adopted process to transform olefins into value-added epoxides and carbonyls. However, traditional Wacker oxidation involves the use of homogeneous palladium and copper catalysts for the olefin addition and reductive elimination. Here, we demonstrated an ultrahigh loading Cu single atom catalyst(14% Cu, mass fraction) for the palladium-free Wacker oxidation of 4-vinylanisole into the corresponding ketone with N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride as an additive under mild conditions. Mechanistic studies by ¹⁸O and deuterium isotope labelling revealed a hydrogen shift mechanism in this palladium-free process using N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride as the oxygen source. The reaction scope can be further extended to Kucherov oxidation. Our study paves the way to replace noble metal catalysts in the traditional homogeneous processes with single atom catalysts.     

Mechanistic Investigation and Conductance Modulation of a Metal-Molecule-Metal Junction via Extra Acid Addition

One important prerequisite for the fabrication of molecular functional device strongly relies on the understanding the conducting behaviors of the metal-molecule-metal junction that can respond to an external stimulus. The model Lewis basic molecule 4,4′-(pyridine-3,5-diyl)dibenzonitrile (DBP), which can react with Lewis acid and protic acid, was synthesized. Then, the molecular conducting behavior of DBP, DBP-B(C₆F₅)₃, and DBP-TfOH (DBP-B(C₆F₅)₃, and DBP-TfOH were produced by Lewis acid and protonic acid treatment of DBP) was researched and compared. Given that their identical physical paths for DBP, DBP-B(C₆F₅)₃, and DBP-TfOH to sustain charge transport, our results indicate that modifying the molecular electronic structure, even not directly changing the conductive physical backbone, can tune the charge transporting ability by nearly one order of magnitude. Furthermore, the addition of another Lewis base triethylamine (of stronger alkaline than DBP), to Lewis acid-base pair reverts the electrical properties back to that of a single DBP junction, that is constructive to propose a useful but simple strategy for the design and construction of reversible and controllable molecular device based on pyridine derived molecule.     

化学教育硕士研究生的科学本质观研究*——基于对科普微视频的分析

以构建的科学本质要素框架作为分析工具,研究学生经科普微视频分析所呈现的科学本质观。结果表明,学生无法全面、深入分析视频呈现的科学本质,反映了局限的科学本质观,而经过讨论与汇报能在一定程度上提升其科学本质观。据此,为化学教育硕士研究生的培养工作提出3点建议,即将科普微视频作为科学本质教育的素材,促进学生形成完整且深刻的科学本质观,发展学生准确抽提课程资源中的科学本质的能力。     

Characterization of the chemical constituents in Hongjingtian injection by liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

Hongjingtian injection is made from Rhodiola wallichiana and used in the treatment of stable angina pectoris associated with coronary heart disease. In this study, the chemical constituents in Hongjingtian injection were comprehensively studied using liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. A total of 49 compounds were identified or assumed, including 10 organic acids, nine phenylethanoids, 10 phenylpropanoids, two flavonoid glycosides, seven monoterpene glycosides, seven octylglycosides and four other types of compounds. The structures of seven compounds were confirmed by comparing their retention times, MS and UV spectra with the corresponding authentic standards. Amongst the 49 compounds, 35 were firstly found in R. wallichiana, while they have been reported in other species of the genus Rhodiola, including Rhodiola crenulata, Rhodiola sacra, Rhodiola rosea and Rhodiola kirilowii. The possible fragmentation pathways in the mass spectrometry of the major types of compounds are proposed and summarized. Our study demonstrates a rapid method for characterizing the chemical constituents present in the Hongjingtian injection, which could also be applied to the identification of chemical constituents in other TCM formulae containing R. wallichiana.     

Screening of Three Transition Metal‐Mediated Reactions Compatible with DNA‐Encoded Chemical Libraries

The construction of DNA‐encoded chemical libraries (DECLs) crucially relies on the availability of chemical reactions, which are DNA‐compatible and which exhibit high conversion rates for a large number of diverse substrates. In this work, we present our optimization and validation procedures for three copper and palladium‐catalyzed reactions (Suzuki cross‐coupling, Sonogashira cross‐coupling, and copper(I)‐catalyzed alkyne‐azide cycloaddition (CuAAC)), which have been successfully used by our group for the construction of large encoded libraries.