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排序方式: 共有123条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
采用简易浸泡法和一步碳化/活化法制备香菇生物质基氮掺杂微孔碳材料(NMCs),利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对材料的结构形貌进行表征,并研究了其超级电容特性。测试结果表明,NMCs的微孔比表面积高达1 594 m~2·g~(-1),且拥有更高数量的含氮官能团,其吡啶型含氮官能团比例也有所提高,展现出优异的超级电容特性。在0.5 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下,其比容量高达325 F·g~(-1),当电流密度上升到20 A·g~(-1)时,其比电容仍然高达180 F·g~(-1),表现出优异的倍率性能;同时,在5 A·g~(-1)的电流密度下,电极经历5 000次充放电循环后具有97.7%的比容量保持率,展现出优异的循环稳定性。这主要归因于NMCs超高的微孔比表面积和丰富的含氮官能团。  相似文献   
2.
The Ni? Mo/Mg(OH)2 (NMM) hybrid as an efficient flame retardancy and smoke suppression composite for polypropylene (PP) was synthesized through Ni? Mo co‐precipitation on the surface of Mg(OH)2 (MH) hexagonal nanosheets. Compared to PP/MH, PP/NMM exhibited excellent smoke suppressing and flame retardancy on the heat release rate, total heat release, smoke production rate, total smoke production, CO production rate and total CO production with the same loading. The reduced hazard of PP/NMM was mainly attributed to the high physical barrier effect of compact char residues on heat, smoke and combustible gas. The mechanism study indicated that multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) generated from the catalytic carbonization of PP by the Ni? Mo compound could play the role of “rebar” to strengthen the char residues, avoid the generation of cracks and form highly compact char layer. Furthermore, MgO could facilitate the production of MWCNTs through changing the pyrolysis process of PP and increasing the reaction time between pyrolysis gas and Ni? Mo compound. Hence, the new Ni? Mo/MH catalyst hybrid may explore the potential for solving the tough problem of the flammability and heavy smoke of the polyolefins system.  相似文献   
3.
碱性聚电解质燃料电池(APEFC)近年来取得了可观的进展,但是在使用空气作为氧化剂工作时仍然面临着性能损失. 文献中已有多个理论试图解释性能损失的来源,但是缺乏定量化的分析. 本文根据实验发现和热力学及阳极反应的动力学分析,提出了分层的阳极碳酸化模型和方程组.模型的定量化模拟结果进一步和实验结果进行验证,提出了电池性能损失的可能原因.  相似文献   
4.
It is challenging work to develop a low-cost, efficient, and environmentally friendly Cr(VI) adsorbent for waste water treatment. In this paper, we used hemicelluloses from chemical fiber factory waste as the raw material, and prepared two kinds of carbon materials by the green hydrothermal method as adsorbent for Cr(VI). The results showed that hemicelluloses hydrothermally treated with citric acid (HTC) presented spherical shapes, and hemicelluloses hydrothermally treated with ammonia solution (HTC-NH2) provided spongy structures. The adsorption capacity of the samples can be obtained by the Langmuir model, and the adsorption kinetics could be described by the pseudo-second-order model at pH 1.0. The maximum adsorption capacity of HTC-NH2 in the Langmuir model is 74.60 mg/g, much higher than that of HTC (61.25 mg/g). The green hydrothermal treatment of biomass with ammonia solution will provide a simple and feasible way to prepare adsorbent for Cr(VI) in waste water treatment.  相似文献   
5.
《Mendeleev Communications》2022,32(3):327-330
Carbon–carbon composites (C/C) were produced from carbon fiber reinforced phthalonitrile (CFRP) matrix composites in a two-step impregnation–carbonization procedure. After graphitization at 1800 °C, the obtained C/C composites demonstrated highly crystalline structure and properties characteristic of composites derived from phenolic matrix CFRP by the industrial procedure: d = 1.73 g cm?3, interlaminar shear strength was 14.1 MPa, compression strength was 139.8 MPa, and coefficient of friction was in the range 0.32–0.34.  相似文献   
6.
Cotton fiber is an environmentally friendly and natural material with a certain extraction capacity, while its enrichment ability is poor. In order to improve the extraction efficiency of cotton fibers, it was carbonized to form a layer of amorphous carbon as the sorbent by a simple carbonization method. Carbonized cotton fibers were filled into a polyetheretherketone tube for in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction. The carbonization time was investigated to obtain high extraction efficiency. Coupled to high‐performance liquid chromatography, the extraction tube was evaluated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, estrogens and phthalates, and it exhibited best extraction efficiency for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Under the optimum conditions, an online analysis method for several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was established with large linear ranges (0.016–0.20 μg/L), low limits of detection (0.005–0.020 μg/L), and high enrichment factors (948–2874). Analysis method was successfully applied to the detection of targets in the real samples and shown satisfactory durability and chemical stability. Moreover, the relative recoveries ranged from 82 to 119.2%, which demonstrated the applicability of carbonized cotton fibers in sample preparation. Compared with other reported methods, the proposed method provided shorter extraction time, higher enrichment factors, comparable limits of detection, and recoveries.  相似文献   
7.
Abstract

The assignment of a band near 1600 cm?1 in IR spectra of carbons has been controversial for four decades. However, many different carbons have been studied: effectively, a single band assignment was sought for an absorption appearing with three different classes of carbon. As these differ in over-all structure, not one but three explanations are needed. These are discussed. However, undue emphasis has been placed on a single absorption; attention should also be paid to other absorptions accompanying the 1600 cm?1 band.  相似文献   
8.
水热污泥与煤在混燃过程中的协同效应特性研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以城市污泥衍生的水热污泥(SS-derived hydrochar)为对象,结合傅里叶红外光谱分析(FT-IR)、X射线荧光光谱分析(XRF)和X射线衍射分析(XRD)等对比研究了水热污泥与三种不同品阶煤(褐煤、烟煤和无烟煤)在有机/无机结构与燃料特性上的异同;同时,通过热重(TG)与偏差分析(Deviation)考察水热污泥与各阶煤在不同混合比例条件下的协同燃烧行为及其作用机制。结果表明,污泥经过水热处理后其有机结构和燃烧行为均提升至与煤相似的水平,该过程不仅改善污泥的燃烧特性,并增强其与煤之间的协同燃烧效应。水热污泥中适量的轻质组分与(碱)碱土金属能在混合燃烧过程中加速煤的失重速率,其对三种煤的促进作用可达4.4%-16.1%(褐煤)、1.9%-9.4%(烟煤)和4.8%-12.1%(无烟煤)。总体而言,水热污泥与褐煤混合而成的燃料在燃料性能上具有较大的优势,并且其混合比例以30%(水热污泥):70%(褐煤)与50%(水热污泥):50%(褐煤)为宜。  相似文献   
9.
以Si_(55),Si_(43)M_(12)和Si_(37)M_(18)(M=Fe,Co或Ni)团簇为模型,采用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究了Fe,Co及Ni纳米团簇催化硅粉转化为SiC的机理.计算结果表明,Fe,Co及Ni纳米催化剂先与Si形成合金,拉长并弱化Si—Si键的强度,起到活化Si粉的作用;合金的形成有利于C原子的吸附及Si原子和C原子间的反应;Fe的催化能力强于Co和Ni.在此基础上,以Si粉和酚醛树脂为原料,以Fe,Co及Ni硝酸盐为催化剂前驱体,通过微波加热反应制备了3C-SiC纳米粉体.研究了催化剂种类、反应温度、催化剂用量和反应时间等对制备3C-SiC纳米粉体的影响.结果表明,催化剂Fe,Co和Ni的加入均可显著降低3C-SiC的合成温度.当以2.0%(质量分数)的Fe为催化剂时,Si粉在1100℃下反应30 min后即可全部转化为3C-SiC纳米粉体;而在相同条件下,无催化剂时Si粉的完全转化温度为1250℃;Fe的催化效果优于Co和Ni,与DFT计算结果吻合.  相似文献   
10.
以蔗糖为炭源和硅酸钠为硅源,采用原位共聚法制备了炭/氧化硅复合体,除去氧化硅得到介孔炭材料.采用N2吸附-脱附、透射电子显微镜和红外光谱对不同炭化温度获得的样品进行表征.结果表明,随着炭化温度升高,所得的介孔炭比表面积和孔容均下降,650℃ ~ 950℃的炭化温度下获得的样品BET比表面积在586m2/g ~728 m2/g之间,孔容在0.549cm3/g~0.696cm3/g之间,孔径分布5-15nm之间.经红外光谱检测所得的介孔炭样品均含有氢和氧的功能团.  相似文献   
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