用于SCA ASIC测试的数字读出模块设计

高速开关电容阵列(SCA)具有高速采样、低功耗的特点,基于SCA的高速波形数字化是目前高精度时间测量的一个重要研究方向。为此,我们开展SCA芯片的研究,目前已设计完成原型ASIC设计,并正在进行后续版本的改进设计。为便于未来多版本ASIC的测试和评估,需设计具有一定通用性的数字读出模块,本论文工作主要介绍此模块的设计工作以及相应的数据读出软件。数字读出模块基于FPGA实现对待测ASIC的控制、配置及数据读出,采用DDR3片外存储芯片,使用USB3.0等接口进行数据传输;上位机软件基于Python3.7设计,实现了数据采集与波形绘制等功能。目前已使用设计完成的数字读出模块对第2版SCA ASIC进行了初步的测试,测试结果表明,此读出模块工作正常,且SCA芯片输出结果符合预期。     

Role of FTFSI Anion Asymmetry on Physical Properties of AFTFSI (A=Li,Na and K) Based Electrolytes and Consequences on Supercapacitor Application

This study compares the physicochemical properties of six electrolytes comprising of three salts: LiFTFSI, NaFTFSI and KFTFSI in two solvent mixtures, the binary (3EC/7EMC) and the ternary (EC/PC/3DMC). The transport properties (conductivity, viscosity) as a function of temperature and concentration were modeled using the extended Jones-Dole-Kaminsky equation, the Arrhenius model, and the Eyring theory of transition state for activated complexes. Results are discussed in terms of ionicity, solvation shell, and cross-interactions between electrolyte components. The application of the six formulated electrolytes in symmetrical activated carbon (AC)//AC supercapacitors (SCs) was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic cycling with potential limitation (GCPL), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and accelerated aging. Results revealed that the geometrical flexibility of the FTFSI anion allows it to access and diffuse easily in AC whereas its counter ions (Li⁺, Na⁺ or K⁺) can remain trapped in porosity. However, this drawback was partially resolved by mixing LiFTFSI and KFTFSI salts in the electrolyte.     

Efficient Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from a Discrete Hybrid Bismuth Bromide Ferroelectric Templated by Phosphonium Cation

Bismuth containing hybrid molecular ferroelectrics are receiving tremendous attention in recent years owing to their stable and non-toxic composition. However, these perovskite-like structures are primarily limited to ammonium cations. Herein, we report a new phosphonium based discrete perovskite-like hybrid ferroelectric with a formula [Me(Ph)₃P]₃[Bi₂Br₉] ( MTPBB ) and its mechanical energy harvesting capability. The Polarization-Electric field (P-E) measurements resulted in a well-defined ferroelectric hysteresis loop with a remnant polarization value of 2.1 μC cm⁻². Piezoresponse force microscopy experiments enabled visualization of the ferroelectric domain structure and evaluation of the piezoelectric strain coefficient (d₃₃) for an MTPBB single crystal and thin film sample. Furthermore, flexible devices incorporating MTPBB in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix at various concentrations were fabricated and explored for their mechanical energy harvesting properties. The champion device with 20 wt % of MTPBB in PDMS rendered a maximum peak-to-peak open-circuit voltage of 22.9 V and a maximum power density of 7 μW cm⁻² at an optimal load of 4 MΩ. Moreover, the potential of MTPBB -based devices in low power electronics was demonstrated by storing the harvested energy in various electrolytic capacitors.     

锂离子电容器(LIC)产业前沿技术研究进展

新能源战略体系的建设和电子技术的飞速发展对储能器件的性能提出了更高的要求,锂离子电容器是将锂离子电池和双电层电容器“内部交叉”的新型混合储能器件,兼具高能量密度和高功率密度,近年来引起了国内外的广泛关注.本文阐述了锂离子电容器的工作原理和国内外产业发展现状,总结了碳负极的预赋锂技术、电极材料与体系匹配性研究等关键技术前沿的研究成果,并提出了后续产业化研究中所需要解决的实际问题.     

氧化石墨超声时间对三维还原氧化石墨烯结构及超级电容性能的影响

将氧化石墨凝胶超声不同时间制备氧化石墨烯(GO)溶胶,再以GO溶胶为前驱体采用一步水热法制备了三维还原氧化石墨烯(3DRGO),采用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱、原子力显微镜(AFM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电化学测试等研究了不同超声时间对3DRGO的形貌、结构及超级电容性能的影响.结果表明,当超声时间不超过120 min时,经水热反应后还原氧化石墨烯均能形成稳定的三维结构,但随着超声时间的延长,三维结构尺寸不断减小,强度增加,样品的内部结构也由片状逐渐向多孔网状转化;当超声时间超过120 min时,还原氧化石墨烯虽具有网状结构,但在宏观上不利于形成稳定的三维结构.电化学测试结果表明,经不同超声时间所制备的还原氧化石墨烯均表现出较好的超级电容性能,其中超声时间为120 min时制备的3DRGO具有更均匀的多孔网状结构,表现出了最佳的超级电容性能,在1 A/g电流密度下其比电容可达328 F/g,即使在20 A/g的大电流密度条件下,其比电容仍可高达240 F/g.     

预嵌锂用穿孔集流体对锂离子电容器电化学性能的影响

将石墨涂覆于传统铜箔(CCC)与穿孔铜箔(PCC)集流体表面,通过内部短路的方式进行预嵌锂处理,再以商业化的活性炭及预锂化的石墨分别为正、负极材料组装成锂离子电容器(LIC)。以PCC为集流体的LIC在0.1和2.0 A?g~(-1)的电流密度下,能量密度分别为118.2和51.7 Wh?kg~(-1),并且在0.5 A?g~(-1)的电流密度下循环1000次后的能量密度保持率为90%;以CCC为集流体的LIC在0.1和2.0 A?g~(-1)的电流密度下的能量密度分别为125.5和43.3 Wh?kg~(-1),在同等电流密度下2.0-3.8 V之间循环1000次后的能量密度保持率仅为73.2%。进一步研究表明,石墨采用PCC在预嵌锂的过程中避免了金属锂沉积,生成了均一且稳定的固体电解质膜(SEI),有效防止充放电过程中SEI膨胀,活性物质与集流体间粘结力降低,活性物质脱落等现象发生。因此,LIC通过PCC完成预嵌锂后的自放电及内阻更小,具有更佳的倍率性能和循环性能。     

高比能高功率全石墨烯锂离子电容器

石墨烯由于拥有超高比表面积和超高电导率而被作为电化学电容器材料广泛研究.本文采用树脂为碳源，通过一种方便快捷的树脂交换法制备一种具有高比表面积的多级孔三维石墨烯（3DG）.经过此种方法的催化、造孔、热处理等主要工艺步骤后，可显著增加石墨烯材料的小、介孔数量，从而提高材料的电化学性能.通过BET测试表明，3DG的比表面积可达2400 m²/g，孔体积达到2.0 cm³/g.以3DG作为正负极材料制备高比能量高功率型锂离子电容器（3DG-LIC），可使3DG-LIC的工作电压从传统超级电容器的2.5 V扩展到4.0 V，能量密度也从20 Wh/kg提高到105 Wh/kg.另外，相同的化学和微观结构能很好地平衡正负极的容量及速率，使高比能量高功率的3DG-LIC具有更宽阔的应用领域.     

Li-defect interactions in electron-irradiated n-type silicon by EPR measurements

Single crystal silicon, both with and without oxygen, has been diffused with lithium to concentrations ～10¹⁷/cm², irradiated with 1 to 1.5 MeV electrons, and the ensuing defects studies by EPR measurements. The presence of oxygen strongly affects the properties of these defects. Measurements have indicated the presence of two new defects which involve Li-one in O-containing material and one in O-free material. The defects are observed in their electron-filled state, and indicate a net electron spinof ½. The defect spectra disappear (with time) at room temperature, and can be explained by the formation of other Li-involved defects which lie deeper in the energy bandgap and are not visible by EPR. Electron irradiation at 40 °K followed by annealing at higher temperatures show that both EPR defects described above begin to form at about 200 °K and begin to decrease at about 275 °K-just as does the 250 °K reverse annealing observed generally for n-type Si. Based on these data, and the work of others, it is suggested that both defects form as a result of the motion of Si interstitials which produce a (Li-O-interstitial) complex in O-containing Si, and a (Li-interstitial) complex in O-free Si.     

Preparation of safe water–lipid mixed electrolytes for application in ion capacitor

Aqueous electrolytes are safe, economic, and environmentally friendly. However, they have a narrow potential window. On the other hand, organic electrolytes exhibit good thermodynamic stability but are inflammable and moisture sensitive. In this study, we prepared water–PEG–lipid ternary electrolytes(TEs). To combine the advantages of water, polyethylene glycol(PEG) and propylene carbonate(PC). The nonflammable mixed electrolytes exhibited a wide potential window of about 2.8 V due to the beneficial effects of PEG and PC. Using these TEs, a lithium manganate–active carbon ion capacitor could be operated at 2.4 V with an energy density of 32 Wh/kg, based on the total active electrode material(current density of 3.3 m A/cm~2). This value was significantly higher than that achieved using an aqueous electrolyte, thereby rationalizing the higher energy density.     

Gate-induced drain leakage (GIDL) in MFMIS and MFIS negative capacitance FinFETs

The gate induced drain leakage (GIDL) effect in negative capacitance (NC) FinFET is investigated. A Landau–Ginzburg–Devonshire equation (which considers the polarization gradient in ferroelectric material) is used to estimate the characteristics of the NC FinFET. Specifically, metal-ferroelectric-metal-insulator-semiconductor (MFMIS) and metal-ferroelectric-insulator-semiconductor (MFIS) NC FinFETs are compared, in order to figure out the effect of the internal metal layer on the GIDL effect. To analyze the impact of the polarization gradient on the GIDL effect in NC FinFET, a polarization gradient coefficient is varied. For MFMIS, the polarization gradient doesn't significantly affect the device performance. The subthreshold swing improves but the GIDL effect deteriorates because of the “uniform” NC effect in channel region. For MFIS, the device performance is explicitly affected by the polarization gradient. Smaller polarization gradients result in non-uniform NC effect in channel region, resulting in severe GIDL effects. On the other hand, higher polarization gradients alleviate GIDL effects.