Design,Synthesis, and Biomedical Applications of Glycotripods for Targeting Trimeric Lectins

In the last decades, various efforts have been made to synthesize optimal glycotripods for targeting trimeric glycoproteins like asialoglycoprotein receptor, hemagglutinin, and langerin. All these trimeric glycoproteins have sugar binding pockets which are highly selective for a particular carbohydrate ligand. Optimized glycotripods are high affinity binders and have been used for delivering drugs or even applied as drug candidates. The selection of the tripodal base scaffold together with the length and flexibility of the linker between the scaffold and sugar residue, as important design parameters are discussed in this review.     

Ionic/electronic conductivity regulation of n-type polyoxadiazole lithium sulfonate conductive polymer binders for high-performance silicon microparticle anodes

Low-cost silicon microparticles(SiMP),as a substitute for nanostructured silicon,easily suffer from cracks and fractured during the electrochemical cycle.A novel n-type conductive polymer binder with excellent electronic and ionic conductivities as well as good adhesion,has been successfully designed and applied for high-performance SiMP anodes in lithium-ion batteries to address this problem.Its unique features are attributed to the stro ng electron-withdrawing oxadiazole ring structure with sulfonate polar groups.The combination of rigid and flexible components in the polymer ensures its good mechanical strength and ductility,which is beneficial to suppress the expansion and contraction of SiMP s during the charge/discharge process.By fine-tuning the monomer ratio,the conjugation and sulfonation degrees of the polymer can be precisely controlled to regulate its ionic and electronic conductivities,which has been systematically analyzed with the help of an electrochemical test method,filling in the gap on the conductivity measurement of the polymer in the doping state.The experimental results indicate that the cell with the developed n-type polymer binder and SiMP(~0.5 μm) anodes achieves much better cycling performance than traditional non-conductive binders.It has been considered that the initial capacity of the SiMP anode is controlled by the synergetic effect of ionic and electronic conductivity of the binder,and the capacity retention mainly depends on its electronic conductivity when the ionic conductivity is sufficient.It is worth noting that the fundamental research of this wo rk is also applicable to other battery systems using conductive polymers in order to achieve high energy density,broadening their practical applications.     

In-situ polymerized cross-linked binder for cathode in lithium-sulfur batteries

Volume expansion and polysulfide shuttle effect are the main barriers for the commercialization of lithium-sulfur(Li-S) battery.In this work,we in-situ polymerized a cross-linked binder in sulfur cathode to solve the aforementioned problems using a facile method under mild conditions.Polycarbonate diol(PCDL),triethanolamine(TEA) and hexamethylene diisocyanate(HDI) were chosen as precursors to prepare the cross-linked binder.The in-situ polymerized binder(PTH) builds a strong network in sulfur cathode,which could restrain the volume expansion of sulfu r.Moreover,by adopting functional groups of oxygen atoms and nitrogen atoms,the binder could effectively facilitate transportation of Li-ion and adsorb polysulfide chemically.The Li-S battery with bare sulfur and carbon/sulfur composite cathodes and cross-linked PTH binder displays much better electrochemical performance than that of the battery with PVDF.The PTH-bare S cathode with a mass loading of 5.97 mg/cm^2 could deliver a capacity of 733.3 mAh/g at 0.2 C,and remained 585.5 mAh/g after 100 cycles.This in-situ polymerized binder is proved to be quite effective on restraining the volume expansion and suppressing polysulfide shuttle effect,then improving the electrochemical performance of Li-S battery.     

用于荧光光谱测定的微量固体粉末样品制样优化*

为满足微量固体粉末荧光检测要求,采用薄层制样法,改变黏结剂种类、黏结剂的用量、涂层厚度以及后处理方法来进行其制样工艺优化。 结果表明:以聚乙烯醇做黏结剂、1∶5的固液比、在50 ℃烘干30 min、涂片次数3层的薄层制样优化工艺可满足荧光固体测样的要求。采用t检验比较固体样品池装样和薄层制样法的荧光检测结果发现两者无显著性差异,薄层制样优化工艺的需样量较样品池减少90%。     

The development of a gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analytical procedure for the determination of lipids,proteins and resins in the same paint micro-sample avoiding interferences from inorganic media

This paper presents a GC–MS analytical procedure for determining proteinaceous materials, glycerolipids, natural waxes and terpenoid resins in the same paint micro-sample. The procedure is also reliable when high amounts of interfering inorganic pigments, dryers and charges are present. The characterisation of proteinaceous binders in a paint sample can be subject to analytical interferences by inorganic materials. Such materials may form complexes with functional groups of proteins, thus preventing their efficient derivatisation, which is necessary prior to GC analysis. For this reason an analytical procedure has been developed based on two extractions and a clean-up step, in order to obtain two fractions: a lipid-resinous fraction and a proteinaceous fraction. The lipid-resinous fraction is subjected to salification/saponification assisted by microwaves, followed by acidification, extraction, derivatisation and GC–MS analysis. The proteinaceous fraction is analysed by GC–MS after hydrolysis and derivatisation of the freed amino acids. The desalting step is applied before the hydrolysis, and is based on the use of the monolithic sorbent tip technology with a C4 stationary phase. Reference paint replicas of egg, casein and animal glue were prepared with and without several metals containing pigments, and used to develop and validate the analytical procedure. The procedure proved to be efficient in desalting the proteinaceous materials both from cations and anions. Although non quantitative, it is reliable in the analysis of samples whose content of extractable proteins is <1 μg, thus showing it to be suitable for the characterisation of paint samples. An example of how the analytical procedure was used to characterise a sample from a 15th century panel painting is also discussed.     

一种新的测定微粒的电化学技术

设计了一种由2个石墨电极短路相连组成工作电极的新的电化学池装置.操作时首先通过外力按压使极少量固体微粒粘附在其中一个石墨电极表面上,然后在溶液存在下将微粒夹紧并固定在2个石墨电极表面之间进行电化学测定.电化学转化过程中生成的可溶性物质被封闭在2个石墨电极表面之间而得到测定.用该技术对钯沉积在氧化铝上而组成的催化剂的电化学行为以及黄铁矿的电化学行为进行了研究.结果表明,其兼具可电解粘合剂碳糊电极和固体微粒伏安法(voltammetry of microparticles)技术的优点而避免了各自的缺点:即不使用粘合剂,从而消除了粘合剂中杂质产生的氧化或还原电流的影响;可测定电化学转化过程中生成的可溶性物质;分辨率好、易于操作.     

Influence of catalyst binder on the acidity and activity/selectivity of Ga/H-ZSM-5 zeolite in propane aromatization

The acidity and initial and time-on-stream activity in propane aromatization (at 550°C, space velocity of 3100 cm³g⁻¹ _(zeolite)h⁻¹) of Ga-impregnated H-ZSM-5 zeolite without or with binders (50 wt%), such as silica, alumina and kaolin, have been investigated. Both the acidity and catalytic activity of the zeolite are influenced by the presence of binder in the catalyst, depending upon the binder. The influence is found to be lowest for alumina and highest for kaolin. Among the binders, alumina is the most preferred binder for the zeolite catalyst.     

Nanoparticle Halos Mechanism in Stabilizing of Colloidal Suspensions: Polymeric Binder and Dispersant Effects

Dispersion behavior of colloidal Al₂O₃ aqueous suspensions was investigated in the presence of highly charged CeO₂ nanoparticles and polymeric additives. It was found that among the investigated parameters, ceria nanoparticles concentration had the highest significant effect on the stability of Al₂O₃-CeO₂ suspensions. However, the low influence of dispersant concentration may be due to significant role of ceria nanoparticles stabilizing alumina microspheres by “nanoparticle halo” formation. The stabilization of the bidispersed suspensions was also evidenced by scanning electron microscopy and elemental analysis of the sediment layers after three weeks.     

Capacitive Properties of the Binder‐Free Electrode Prepared from Carbon Derived from Cotton and Reduced Graphene Oxide

The binder‐free composite films of reduced graphene oxide (rGO ) and activated carbon derived from cotton (aCFC ) have been fabricated and used as electrodes for electrochemical capacitors (ECs ) to avoid the decrease of capacitive performance in traditional process caused by the additional binder. The optimal aCFC is prepared at 850 °C when the mass ratio of carbon and potassium hydroxide is 1 to 4. The optimal composite film prepared from the mass ratio of aCFC /GO =2/1 exhibits porous structure, and has a specific surface area of 849.6 m²•g⁻¹ and a total pore volume of 0.61 mL •g⁻¹. Based on the two‐electrode system testing in 6.0 mol/L KOH electrolyte, the optimal composite has specific capacitance of about 202 F•g⁻¹, 374 mF •cm⁻² and 116 F•cm⁻³ in terms of mass, area and volume, and shows excellent rate capability and good cyclic stability (91.7% retention of the initial capacitance after 5000 cycles). Furthermore, the assembled solid‐state ECs by using KOH /polyvinyl alcohol as electrolyte show good mechanical stability and capacitive performances after repeated bending cycles. It is proved that this method is effective to fabricate binder‐free electrodes for ECs and will open up a novel route for the reuse of waste cotton.