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1.
Organic solar cells (OSCs) harvesting indoor light are highly promising for emerging technologies, such as internet of things. Herein, the photovoltaic performance of PTB7-Th:PC71BM solar cells constructed using “optimized (with 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO))” and “non-optimized (without DIO)” processing conditions are compared for indoor and outdoor applications. We find that in comparison to the “optimized” solar cell, the “non-optimized” solar cell is less efficient under simulated solar light illumination (100 mW cm−2, spectral range 350–1100 nm), owing to significant bimolecular charge carrier recombination losses. However, under simulated indoor illumination (3.28 mW cm−2, spectral range 400–700 nm), bimolecular recombination losses are effective suppressed, thus the power conversion efficiency of the solar cell without DIO was increased to 14.7 %, higher than that of the solar cell with DIO (14.2 %). These results suggest that the common strategy used to optimize the OSCs could be undesired for indoor OSCs. We demonstrate that the efforts for realizing the desired “morphology” of the active layer for the outdoor OSCs may be unnecessary for indoor OSCs, allowing us to realize high-efficiency indoor OSCs using a non-halogenated solvent.  相似文献   
2.
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are the most promising alternatives to traditional fossil energy because of their advantages of low production cost, facile structure, relatively low environmental impact, relatively high photoelectronic absorption efficiency, and overall high efficiency. In addition, several studies on sensitizers as vital components have been conducted over the last three decades. Compared to metal dyes, metal-free organic dyes have been considered as promising candidates because of their simple fabrication, multiple structures, high molar absorption coefficients, easily tunable properties, and environmental friendliness. In this study, we systematically investigated the optoelectronic properties of six metal-free organic donor-acceptor dyes (RD1–6) derived from the known dye R6 by using the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT methods. Cell performance parameters were discussed, including the geometrical and electronic structures, absorption spectrum, adsorption energy, light harvesting efficiency (LHE) curve, predictive short circuit current density (JscPred.), predictive open circuit voltage (VocPred.), and theoretical power conversion efficiency (PCE). Results revealed that all the designed dyes exhibited high theoretical PCE. In particular, dyes RD1, 2, and 4–6 showed greater conjugations, and dyes RD1–3 had smaller energy gaps than those of the reference dye. In addition, dyes RD1–3, 5, and 6 exhibited better light harvesting capacities that covered the entire visible region and extended to the near-infrared region with obviously red-shift maximum absorption wavelengths (λmax), wider LHE curves, and higher JscPred. as compared to the reference dye. It was critical that dyes RD1 and 2 not only have greater conjugations and narrow band gaps but also good light harvesting capacities with more than 56-nm red-shift maximum absorption wavelengths and broadened LHE curves than those of the reference dye. Notably, mainly because of an average increment of 12.0% of JscPred., a remarkable increment of the theoretical power conversion efficiency was observed from 12.6% for dye R6 to 14.1% for dyes RD1 and 2. Thus, dyes RD1 and 2 exhibited superior cell performances and could be promising sensitizer candidates for highly efficient DSSCs. These results could be used to guide effective synthetic efforts in the discovery of efficient metal-free organic dye sensitizers in DSSCs.  相似文献   
3.
覃瑞  王超  王强  胡敏  李金林  徐君  邓风 《波谱学杂志》2022,39(4):439-447
本文使用固体核磁共振(NMR)技术研究了SSZ-13分子筛上甲醇制烯烃反应过程中表面甲氧基物种的生成以及反应活性.通过二维13C-27Al HMQC NMR方法确证了甲醇在分子筛骨架Brønsted酸位上生成的甲氧基物种,以及在Lewis酸位上生成的另外一种表面甲氧基物种.13C NMR结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)实验结果表明,这两种甲氧基物种在甲醇制烯烃反应中均具有较高的反应活性,既可以导致烃池物种的生成,也可以参与烃池反应生成碳氢化合物.  相似文献   
4.
Zhong-Yu Li 《中国物理 B》2022,31(4):40502-040502
Accurate prediction of road traffic flow is a significant part in the intelligent transportation systems. Accurate prediction can alleviate traffic congestion, and reduce environmental pollution. For the management department, it can make effective use of road resources. For individuals, it can help people plan their own travel paths, avoid congestion, and save time. Owing to complex factors on the road, such as damage to the detector and disturbances from environment, the measured traffic volume can contain noise. Reducing the influence of noise on traffic flow prediction is a piece of very important work. Therefore, in this paper we propose a combination algorithm of denoising and BILSTM to effectively improve the performance of traffic flow prediction. At the same time, three denoising algorithms are compared to find the best combination mode. In this paper, the wavelet (WL) denoising scheme, the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) denoising scheme, and the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) denoising scheme are all introduced to suppress outliers in traffic flow data. In addition, we combine the denoising schemes with bidirectional long short-term memory (BILSTM) network to predict the traffic flow. The data in this paper are cited from performance measurement system (PeMS). We choose three kinds of road data (mainline, off ramp, on ramp) to predict traffic flow. The results for mainline show that data denoising can improve prediction accuracy. Moreover, prediction accuracy of BILSTM+EEMD scheme is the highest in the three methods (BILSTM+WL, BILSTM+EMD, BILSTM+EEMD). The results for off ramp and on ramp show the same performance as the results for mainline. It is indicated that this model is suitable for different road sections and long-term prediction.  相似文献   
5.
Qi Zheng 《中国物理 B》2022,31(4):47306-047306
We report a facile phase conversion method that can locally convert n-type SnSe2 into p-type SnSe by direct laser irradiation. Raman spectra of SnSe2 flakes before and after laser irradiation confirm the phase conversion of SnSe2 to SnSe. By performing the laser irradiation on SnSe2 flakes at different temperatures, it is found that laser heating effect induces the removal of Se atoms from SnSe2 and results in the phase conversion of SnSe2 to SnSe. Lattice-revolved transmission electron microscope images of SnSe2 flakes before and after laser irradiation further confirm such conversion. By selective laser irradiation on SnSe2 flakes, a pattern with SnSe2/SnSe heteostructures is created. This indicates that the laser induced phase conversion technique has relatively high spatial resolution and enables the creation of micron-sized in-plane p-n junction at predefined region.  相似文献   
6.
作为一种新型的二维材料,MXene凭借其各种优异的物理化学性质已受到极为广泛的关注,例如其具有极其出色的光热转换效率. 然而,人们对MXene的光热转换机制仍然知之甚少. 本文通过结合飞秒可见和中红外瞬态吸收光谱技术,对分散在各种溶剂中MXene(Ti3C2Tx)纳米片内的电子能量耗散动力学进行了系统的研究. 结果表明,MXene的激发态寿命在很大程度上取决于周围的溶剂环境. 在MXene被超快激光泵浦后,可以直接观察到MXene纳米片与相邻溶剂分子之间的界面电子振动耦合现象. 这些结果表明界面相互作用在MXene的超快能量传输动力学中起着关键的作用. 这一发现可为二维体系光转换性能的改进提供了一条潜在可行的途径.  相似文献   
7.
光学拍频是大学物理和光学实验教学中的重要内容.由于激光器存在中心波长漂移问题,实验中不易产生可观测的拍频信号.受到微波光子技术中微波波段和光波波段相互作用机理的启发,提出了基于微波频差转换的光学拍频方法.借助强度调制和相位调制将两个频差较小的微波信号调制到同一光载波上,结合光学滤波器获得了两个频差极小的稳定光信号,利用光电探测器实现光学拍频,从仿真和实验两个层面分别获得了可视化的低频拍频信号.该研究为大学物理和光学实验提供了与科学前沿相结合的实验方案,可拓展教学内容和教学深度,有利于培养学生的科学素养.  相似文献   
8.
于航  张冉  杨帆  李桦 《物理学报》2021,(2):363-372
气体分子与壁面之间的相互作用是影响稀薄气体流动状态的主要因素,但是由于其物理上的复杂性和微观性,这一过程的机理并没有得到充分揭示.本文利用分子束法对Ar分子在金属Pt表面的碰撞过程进行了分子动力学模拟,并探究了入射速度、角度和壁面粗糙度对动量、能量转化机制的影响.结果表明,当气体分子以5o的极角入射时,分子的法向速度分量占主导因素,在与壁面发生碰撞之后,分子的切向和法向动量都会损失,法向动能会向切向转移,并且当分子速度不低于2.0时,切向和法向动能的比值会稳定在一个很小的区间,而粗糙度对动量和能量转化的影响不明显.与小角度入射时不同,当气体分子以75o的极角与金属表面碰撞时,粗糙度的影响就不能再被忽略了.大极角入射的气体分子在光滑壁面散射之后,其运动规律基本符合Maxwell所假设的镜面反射,动量和能量分量的变化都不明显.而粗糙度的引入则会促进气体分子切向动量和能量向法向转移,并且会使分子总能量的损失更加显著.  相似文献   
9.
采用共沉淀法成功地合成了不同Mg掺杂量的Ce1-xMgxO2(x=0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20)固溶体催化材料,并运用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸附-脱附测试、拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、CO2程序升温脱附(CO2-TPD)等技术对这些材料进行了表征。结果发现,通过调控CeO2晶格中Mg的含量,可以调控所制备的Ce1-xMgxO2催化材料的粒径、比表面积、表面缺陷等。其中Ce0.90Mg0.10O2展现了最佳的表面性质,具有最小的平均粒径(约5.8 nm),最大的比表面积(约136 m2·g-1)以及最高的表面氧含量(31.98%)。将Ce1-xMgxO2催化材料涂覆在堇青石蜂窝陶瓷上制成整体催化剂,考察其对CO2和CH3OH直接合成碳酸二甲酯的催化性能。在140℃、2.4 MPa、反应2 h的条件下,Ce0.90Mg0.10O2整体催化剂上碳酸二甲酯的收率高达20.21%,催化效果明显优于CeO2和其余的Ce1-xMgxO2(x=0.05、0.15、0.20)催化材料。  相似文献   
10.
Chao Gao  Yujie Xiong 《中国化学》2022,40(1):153-159
Constituting the artificial carbon cycle,for example,through recycling CO2 and converting CH4 to value-added fuels and chemicals with solar energy,offers a sustainable future for humankind to tackle the global environmental issues and energy crisis.However,significant bottlenecks remain in such photocatalytic conversion,mainly related to the reaction activity and product selectivity.Herein,we share our efforts and systematic research progress on addressing the double bottlenecks for achieving solar-driven artificial carbon cycle,with specifically focusing on the photocatalytic CO2 and CH4 conversion.We further elucidate the common fundamentals behind various designed photocatalytic materials systems.Toward future development,we highlight the opportunities and challenges in the research field.  相似文献   
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