Aggregation-Enhanced Emission and Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence of Derivatives of 9-Phenyl-9H-Carbazole: Effects of Methoxy and tert-Butyl Substituents

Derivatives of 9-phenyl-9H-carbazole were synthesized as efficient emitters exhibiting both thermally activated delayed fluorescence and aggregation-induced emission enhancement. Effects of methoxy and tert-butyl substituents at the different positions of carbazolyl groups on the properties of the emitters were studied. Depending on the substitutions, photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY) of non-doped solid films of the compounds ranged from 17 % to 53 % which were much higher than those observed for the solutions in low-polarity solvent toluene. Compounds substituted at C-3 and C-6 positions of carbazole moiety by methoxy- and tert-butyl- groups showed the highest solid-state PLQY. Ionization potentials of the studied derivatives in solid-state were found to be in the short range of 5.75–5.89 eV. Well-balanced hole and electron mobilities were detected for tert-butyl-substituted compound. They exceeded 10⁻⁴ cm² (V×s)⁻¹ at electric fields higher than 3×10⁵ V cm⁻¹. Two compounds with the highest solid-state PLQYs showed higher efficiencies in non-doped organic light-emitting diodes than in the doped devices. Maximum external quantum efficiency of 7.2 % and brightness of 15000 cd m⁻² were observed for the best device.     

微波促进水杨醛肟一锅法制备2-二氟甲氧基苯腈

以氯二氟乙酸钠为二氟甲基化试剂,碳酸钾为碱,实现了微波促进水杨醛肟一锅脱水成腈及二氟甲基化反应,以中等收率获得了8个2-二氟甲氧基苯腈类化合物,其中7个为新化合物.利用核磁共振波谱、红外光谱和高分辨质谱等手段对目标产物进行了表征.讨论了二氟甲基化试剂、碱和溶剂的种类、微波功率、反应温度和时间对反应的影响.确定了最优反应条件:含有不同取代基的水杨醛肟、氯二氟乙酸钠、碳酸钾和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的摩尔比为1∶1.5∶1.5∶13,微波功率300 W,反应温度85℃,反应时间20 min.结合对比实验,提出了可能的反应机理.     

Quantum-Chemical Study of Structural and Energy Characteristics of Benzonitrile Dimers

Ab initio MP2 calculations with several basis sets proved the existence of a stable benzonitrile dimer with a planar structure and a short contact between the H atom of one molecule and the N atom of another. The structure is greatly stabilized by attraction between the neighboring oppositely directed dipoles and donor-acceptor interaction between the orbital of the lone electron pair of the N′ atom and the vacant antibonding orbital localized on the C-H bond.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by O. V. Sizova, E. P. Sokolova, V. I. Baranovskii, D. A. Rozmanov, and O. A. Tomashenko__________Translated from Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 45, No. 5, pp. 807–815, September–October, 2004.     

激光工作模式对苯氰S1电子态高分辨光谱的影响

本文研究了不同激光工作模式对苯氰分子高分辨光谱的影响,高分辨的激光为Ar+泵浦的cw环形染料激光经过Nd：YAG激光三步脉冲放大后倍频产生的UV光. 实验发现当Nd：YAG激光的振荡级有种子光注入时,光谱呈现转动分辨的谱线,可以很好地标识为苯氰分子S1←S0 跃迁的转动结构;而当Nd：YAG激光工作于多个模式（无种子光注入）时,光谱则为连续的毫无结构的谱带.由于苯氰分子S1电子态具有较大的偶极矩,工作于多个模式下激光脉冲的峰值功率的增强产生AC Stark效应,是导致谱线加宽从而无法观测到转动分辨光谱的可能原因.     

VPO催化剂制备条件对其催化甲苯氨氧化反应性能的影响

 用浸渍法制备了负载型钒磷氧(VPO)催化剂,并以甲苯氨氧化合成苯甲腈为探针反应,考察了载体、还原剂、P/V比和V2O5负载量对催化剂性能的影响. 结果表明,大比表面积SiO2负载的VPO催化剂性能稳定,在高温下也具有较好的选择性. 采用不同还原剂制备的催化剂在反应一段时间后活性趋于一致,表明催化剂活性中心是在反应气氛下形成的. P/V比对催化剂活性和结构影响较大,P的加入破坏了V2O5的晶型结构,使磷酸盐物种从催化剂体相向表面聚集,减少了催化剂表面存在的过度氧化物种O-和O-2的数量,选择性氧化物种晶格氧(O2-)起主要氧化作用,提高了催化剂的选择性. V2O5负载量增大,催化剂活性提高,但生成苯甲腈的选择性降低. 表面单分子层覆盖的VOx可能是反应的活性位和选择性位.     

水/有机两相体系中芳香腈和脂肪腈的催化加氢反应

 在水/有机两相体系中,用RuCl3-TPPTS (TPPTSP(m-C6H4SO3Na)3)原位反应生成的催化活性物种对苯甲腈进行了催化加氢反应,高转化率、高选择性地生成了苯甲醇. 考察了钌浓度,P/Ru比,反应压力,温度和时间等对苯甲腈加氢反应的影响. 其他芳香腈的加氢反应也可高活性、高选择性地进行,生成相应的芳香醇. 但是,在相同的条件下不发生脂肪腈加氢反应. 反应机理分析表明,苯甲腈加氢反应经由苯甲醛生成苯甲醇.     

Synthesis and characterization of unsymmetrical benzonitrile‐containing polyimides: Viscosity‐lowering effect and dielectric properties

A new unsymmetrical diamine, 2‐(3‐aminophenoxy)‐6‐(4‐aminophenoxy)benzonitrile (3,4‐APBN), is synthesized via two consecutive S_NAr reactions and the temperature‐dependent reactivity of the fluorides in 2,6‐difluorobenzonitrile, whose first S_NAr reaction occurs at 70 °C and second, at 100 °C, allowing timing control of reaction sequence and circumventing the transetherification side reaction. Thus, a series of polyimides (PIs) is prepared from the polymerization of 3,4‐APBN with five common dianhydrides (6FDA, DSDA, OPDA, BTDA, and PMDA). For comparison, a second series is also prepared from two symmetrical diamines ([2,6‐bis(3‐aminophenoxy)benzonitrile (3,3‐APBN) and 2,6‐bis(4‐aminophenoxy)benzonitrile (4,4‐APBN)] and 6FDA or PMDA. The processability of the poly(amic acids) (PAAs), for the first series is greatly improved since their solution viscosities are much lower than PAAs based on symmetrical diamines. Besides having high glass‐transition temperatures (249–332 °C), and thermal stability [5% weight loss in the range of 505–542 °C (air) and 512–546 °C (nitrogen)], these PIs form tough, transparent and flexible films that have a tensile‐strength range of 82.1–121.3 MPa, elongations‐at‐break of 5.33–9.81%, and tensile moduli of 2.11–2.97 GPa. Their film dielectric constants are 3.08–3.62 at 10 kHz, moderately higher than that (2.92) of analogous PI (CP2) without nitrile groups. Overall, we found that the reduction of structural symmetry in repeat units can improve the polymer processibility as well as increasing their dielectric constants. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013 , 51, 4998–5011     

新型树枝状分子3,5-二[3,5-二(4-羧基苯甲氧基)苯甲氧基]苯甲醇的合成

采用收敛法,以对氰基苄溴和3,5-二羟基苯甲醇为原料,依次合成了端基为腈基的芳醚树枝状分子3,5-二(4-腈基苯甲氧基)苯甲醇(4)和3,5-二[3,5-二(4-腈基苯甲氧基)苯甲氧基]苯甲醇(6);4与6分别经水解制得以羧基为端基的新型芳基苄醚树枝状分子3,5-二(4-羧基苯甲氧基)苯甲醇和3,5-二[3,5-二(4-羧基苯甲氧基)苯甲氧基]苯甲醇,其结构经UV-Vis,1H NMR,IR,MS和元素分析表征.