Template‐free anion‐controlled synthesis of Pd (II) nano‐aggregates for the antifouling polymerization of CO and ethylene

The reaction of [(domppp) Pd (OAc)₂] [domppp = 1,3‐bis (di‐o‐methoxyphenylphosphino)propane] and imidazolium‐functionalized carboxylic acids containing various anions (Br^?, PF₆^?, SbF₆^? and BF₄^?) resulted in the formation of nano‐sized Pd (II) aggregates under template‐free conditions. The rate of formation of aggregates can be modulated by changing the anion, affecting the rate of polymerization of CO and olefins without fouling. Herein, we describe the analysis of Pd (II) catalysts by dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography, and co‐ and terpolymerization results including the catalytic activity, and bulk density and molecular weight of polymers.     

Novel application of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for the characterization of drying oils in art: Elucidation on the composition of original paint materials used by Edvard Munch (1863–1944)

Modern oil paints, introduced at the beginning of the 20th century, differ from those classically used in antiquity in their chemical and compositional features. The main ingredients were still traditional drying oils, often used in mixtures with less expensive oils and added with several classes of additives. Consequently, detailed lipid profiling, together with the study of lipid degradation processes, is essential for the knowledge and the conservation of paint materials used in modern and contemporary art.     

Pressure-sensitive paint in aerodynamic testing

Pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) is a relatively new aerodynamic measurement tool with the unique capability of providing a field measurement of pressure over a test surface. An introductory review of this technology is presented, which is confined to the application of the PSP method to aircraft development wind tunnel testing. This is at present the primary application area and thus the focus of research on the use of the method, and is the authors' own area of research. Described are PSP fundamentals, the various elements comprising PSP technology, and current limitations and considerations in applying this technology. Experimental results are presented to illustrate the present capability of the method. The few publications currently available on this subject in the open literature are also referenced.     

云纹干涉制栅新技术

本文介绍了两种新的光栅复制技术,它们具有快速、高质量、低成本、操作简单、使用方便、不需特殊仪器等特点.该技术从我国一般力学实验室条件出发,解决了试件栅制作困难,其中漆栅方法可极大地缩短云纹干涉方法的实验周期,该技术也为光栅测试技术的广泛应用提供了方便.     

亲水性两性离子聚合物刷的构象与结构

本文应用分子场理论,研究暴露于水蒸气中的亲水性两性离子聚合物(HP)刷的构象与结构.理论模型考虑HP-水(P-W)氢键和水-水(W-W)氢键效应,以及HP单体之间的偶极-偶极相互作用.研究发现,P-W与W-W氢键决定着HP的水合性,P-W氢键形成,会诱导HP刷溶胀.我们通过考察HP单体间的偶极-偶极相互作用发现,随着偶极-偶极相互作用增强,HP链在垂直培基表面沿着链方向,形成了结节状结构.这是由于HP单体之间的偶极-偶极静电吸引作用导致单体间汇聚结节,这种结节在刷内产生了较强的排斥体积作用,因此,这种HP刷具有抗污性能.在较高的接枝密度环境下,由于HP链间单体之间的偶极-偶极静电吸引作用,会形成链间单体-单体的结节,在刷内形成结节网络状凝胶结构,这种结构的出现,会使得HP刷呈现极强的抗污性.另外,当体系中水蒸气浓度增加、水合相互作用增强时,增加的P-W氢键将平衡HP单体之间的偶极-偶极相互作用,使得结节解开,聚合物链伸展.我们的理论结果符合实验观测,由此表明,P-W氢键效应,以及HP单体之间的偶极-偶极相互作用决定着HP刷的构象转变和结构特性,刷内出现的两性离子聚合物链内单体间的结节和链间单体结节状凝胶结构,是两性离子聚合物刷呈现较强抗污性的本质特性.     

Micellar core-shell-type acrylic-polyurethane hybrid materials with self-polishing property

Abstract

Marine fouling can be a serious problem in the shipping industry, since it increases the surface roughness of the hull and hence its frictional resistance to its movement through water. Antifouling paint can be defined as preventing the attachment of marine organisms onto surfaces. However, the most commonly used antifouling coating which is the tributyltin-based self-polishing copolymer causes the severe pollution of marine environment. Ammonium salt-based paints include tertiary amines as biocides which have effective biocidal and biodegradable properties without accumulation in the sea environment. However, ammonium salt-based coatings were too sensitive to seawater and became swollen. In this study, polyurethane-acrylic copolymers were synthesized by radical polymerization. These hybrid materials were found to form core–shell structures in aqueous media. Synthesis and properties of copolymers were investigated by Fourier transform-infrared spectrometer, proton-nuclear magnetic resonance, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. The polishing rate of self-polishing copolymer was determined from the reduction in dry film thickness after artificial seawater immersion under a dynamic condition.     

无毒海洋防污剂研究进展

综述了无毒海洋防污剂研究进展,从防污活性、机理、特点及应用等方面着手介绍了近年来开发的几种新型无毒天然产物防污剂和人工合成防污剂,并就其发展前景进行了展望;指出开发研制无毒海洋防污剂是海洋防污技术的发展方向之一.     

Zwitterionic Polydopamine Engineered Interface for In Vivo Sensing with High Biocompatibility

Electrochemical sensing performance is often compromised by electrode biofouling (e.g., proteins nonspecific binding) in complex biological fluids; however, the design and construction of a robust biointerface remains a great challenge. Herein, inspired by nature, we demonstrate a robust polydopamine-engineered biointerfacing, to tailing zwitterionic molecules (i.e., sulfobetaine methacrylate, SBMA) through Michael Addition. The SBMA-PDA biointerface can resist proteins nonspecific binding in complex biological fluids while enhancing interfacial electron transfer and electrochemical stability of the electrode. In addition, this sensing interface can be integrated with tissue-implantable electrode for in vivo analysis with improved sensing performance, preserving ca. 92.0% of the initial sensitivity after 2 h of implantation in brain tissue, showing low acute neuroinflammatory responses and good stability both in normal and in Parkinson′s disease (PD) rat brain tissue.     

稀土(Gd3+,La3+)对Eu(p-MOBA)3phen/PMMA荧光及温敏特性的影响

以稀土氧化物(Eu_2O_3,Gd_2O_3,La_2O_3)、对甲氧基苯甲酸(p-MOBA)、菲咯啉(phen)为原料制备了不同稀土离子(Gd~(3+),La~(3+))掺杂的Eu(p-MOBA)_3phen探针分子。将所合成的探针分子与甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)混合,以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂引发聚合,制得不同稀土(Gd~(3+),La~(3+))掺杂的Eu(p-MOBA)_3phen/PMMA温敏漆样品。利用扫描电镜、紫外-可见吸收光谱、红外光谱和荧光光谱对探针分子的形貌、结构、发光性能及温敏漆的荧光温度猝灭特性进行表征。红外光谱、紫外可见吸收光谱及扫描电镜能谱分析表明,Eu~(3+)与配体p-MOBA、phen成功配位,且掺入的稀土离子(Gd~(3+),La~(3+))未改变Eu(p-MOBA)_3phen结构,说明掺入的稀土离子(Gd~(3+),La~(3+))部分取代了Eu~(3+)。荧光光谱表明,稀土离子(Gd~(3+),La~(3+))的掺入对Eu(p-MOBA)_3phen的发光均具有增益作用,并且相应的温敏漆在50～100℃温度范围内都具有良好的荧光温度猝灭特性。而且相比于镧掺杂的Eu(p-MOBA)_3phen/PMMA,钆掺杂的Eu(p-MOBA)_3phen/PMMA具有更强的荧光发射和更高的测温灵敏度。可见,不同的稀土(Gd~(3+),La~(3+))对Eu(p-MOBA)_3phen/PMMA的荧光及温敏特性影响是不同的。