金刚石衬底上GaN HEMT沟道温度建模:各向异性且非均匀热导率的影响

为了改善GaN HEMT的自热效应,集成高热导率的金刚石衬底有助于增强器件有源区的热量耗散。然而,化学气相淀积(CVD)生长的多晶金刚石(PCD)具有柱状晶粒结构,导致了各向异性的材料热导率,且其热导率值与生长厚度有关。为此,通过建模金刚石生长过程中晶粒尺寸的演变过程,计算了金刚石沿面内和截面方向的热导率。基于该PCD热导率模型,利用计入材料非线性热导率的GaN器件热阻解析模型,计算得到了GaN HEMT沟道温度的波动范围,并分析了其与器件结构(栅长、栅宽、栅间距、衬底厚度)和功耗的依赖关系。最后,通过与有限元(FEM)仿真结果对比,分区域提取了GaN HEMT器件中PCD衬底的有效热导率,分别为260~310 W/(m·K)和1 250~1 450 W/(m·K)。本文的计算为预测金刚石衬底上GaN HEMT器件的沟道温度提供了快速、有效的方法。     

现代分析仪器在高中化学教学中的应用*——以“防晒霜的防晒效果实验探究”为例

从高中化学原子、分子等抽象性的知识教学出发,以防晒霜的防晒效果实验探究为例,探讨了现代分析仪器在高中化学教学中的应用。通过利用现代分析仪器紫外可见分光光度计,结合紫外线变色球实验探究防晒霜的防晒效果,分析并认识防晒霜中化学防晒的机理。结果表明,防晒霜的厚度越大、SPF越高,防晒霜的防晒效果越好,并且防晒霜的防晒效果可以持续一段时间,但是不同类型的防晒产品存在一定差异。在化学教学中渗透现代分析仪器的应用,为学生进一步了解化学学科在改变学习方式、拓宽学科知识领域、推动自身全面与可持续发展方面打下坚实的基础。     

新型暂堵酸化用自降解暂堵剂的制备及现场应用

针对传统暂堵酸化用暂堵剂颗粒耐酸性差、降解性差和除堵工艺复杂等问题，本研究通过水溶液自由基聚合法制备了一种新型的自降解暂堵剂CQZDJ。考察了单体加量、交联剂加量、引发剂加量对CQZDJ凝胶强度和降解性的影响；通过FT-IR、TGA、SEM对其结构进行表征；并对其降解机理进行了探讨；最后在长8区块的环平81-8实验井进行了现场实践。结果表明：CQZDJ凝胶强度及降解时间与单体加量、交联剂加量、引发剂加量成正比关系，且降解时间可控；降解性实验表明CQZDJ在(1%~10%)HCl溶液、水、（2%~10%）NaCl溶液中均可在4 d内完全降解，具备良好的降解性能，对地层伤害小；SEM照片显示CQZDJ的降解过程是从初始三维网状结构逐渐崩解为层状结构，最终降解为无规则线性小分子链的过程；暂堵后现场流压上升6.3 MPa，日产油由3.87 t/d增产至5.22 t/d，实现了储层的有效改造，增产效果显著。      

Negative compressibility property in hinging open-cell Kelvin structure

A new three-dimensional(3 D) cellular model based on hinging open-cell Kelvin structure is proposed for its negative compressibility property. It is shown that this model has adjustable compressibility and does exhibit negative compressibility for some certain conformations. And further study shows that the images of compressibility are symmetrical about the certain lines, which indicates that the mechanical properties of the model in the three axial directions are interchangeable and the model itself has a certain geometric symmetry. A comparison of the Kelvin model with its anisotropic form with the dodecahedron model shows that the Kelvin model has stronger negative compressibility property in all three directions.Therefore, a new and potential method to improve negative compressibility property can be derived by selecting the system type with lower symmetry and increasing the number of geometric parameters.     

Microextraction of metal ions based on solidification of a floating drop: Basics and recent updates

This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of solidified floating organic drop microextraction (SFODME) procedures for metal ions preconcentration and their contributions to green chemistry. In this article we focused on the modifications that have been performed in the recent years to improve this environmentally friendly procedure. Among the most important of these modifications are the inclusion of ultrasonic energy, vortex and air agitation to enhance the dispersion process. The article also discussed new challenges in the procedure by using more ecofriendly solvents as extractants such as ionic liquids, deep eutectic. and supramolecular solvents. The coupling of SFODME with solid phase extraction increases selectivity and efficiency of the preconcentration procedure.     

An approach to characterization of the agricultural self-propelled machines stability

This paper presents an analytical algorithm with appropriate software specified for the approximation of the allowed critical slope of the solid flat terrain that guarantees static and/or dynamic stability of the specified self-propelled agricultural machines and their aggregates. This algorithm assumes machine as a rigid body, having 3 or 4 contact points (defined by wheels or crawlers), under uniform motion at different constant velocities and radii of curvature trajectories. Using this algorithm, based on the principles of theoretical mechanics combined with 3D analytical geometry, the computer program SSPM (stability of the self-propelled agricultural machines) has been coded. This software is intended to facilitate the analysis, comparison and optimization of different configurations of self-propelled agricultural machines in operation on horizontal and sloped flat terrains at constant velocities and radii of trajectory with respect to their static and dynamic stability. It calculates critical pitch and roll angles of the self-propelled machine and the maximum allowed slope of the flat terrain under the given conditions. The algorithm and the appropriate SSPM software were experimentally verified using the platform and low-scale tractor model. Average difference between calculated and experimental critical values of roll and pitch angles were about 4°     

胍基硅前驱体的合成及应用

以胍基取代的二甲基二氯硅烷与胺基锂反应合成了3种硅基化合物,使用核磁共振、高分辨质谱、元素分析对化合物结构进行了表征,通过热重分析(TGA)研究了化合物的热稳定性、挥发性、蒸汽压等性能。 3种化合物均具有良好的热稳定性及挥发性,无明显热分解过程,固体残留小于1%,接近纯挥发过程,最高蒸汽压在3600~5300 Pa,满足前驱体使用要求。 以二甲基-胍基-甲乙胺基-硅烷为前驱体,采用螺旋波等离子体气相沉积(HWPCVD)工艺制备了硅基薄膜,使用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了薄膜的化学组成和膜表面结构,XPS分析结果证实该薄膜为Si、N、C组成,实验结果表明,该类胍基硅化合物可作为硅基化学气相沉积(CVD)前驱体材料应用于集成电路制造。     

对比实验法在无机及分析化学实验教学中的应用——以银量法测定氯含量实验为例

介绍莫尔法和荧光黄法测定生理盐水中氯化钠含量的实验原理和操作步骤，针对无机及分析化学实验教学中测定氯含量实验的原理、指示剂、标准溶液、滴定条件及适用范围等内容进行比较和分析，阐明了不同实验方法与操作步骤之间的对应关系。学生根据预习实验，结合具体实验操作、实验现象和实验结果的对比，可以充分直观地理解实验内容，掌握无机及分析化学实验的学习方法，提高学生的发现问题和解决问题的能力。     

基于细胞穿膜肽的药物递送研究进展

从细胞穿膜肽(CPP)的分类、内化机制、与货物的连接和应用四个方面讲述目前人们在对细胞穿膜肽的研究上已经取得的成果。细胞穿膜肽是一种能穿过细胞膜的短肽,可分为阳离子型肽、两亲性肽和疏水性肽。细胞穿膜肽的内化机制主要有内吞作用、直接渗透、依赖于糖蛋白的内化机制和依赖于浓度的内化机制等。近年来,人们合成了多种有实际应用价值的CPP-货物复合物,在细胞穿膜肽的应用上,取得了很多进展和突破。科学家们主要研究将细胞穿膜肽应用于药物递送和细胞成像。     

Momentum and heat transfer of a special case of the unsteady stagnation-point flow

This paper investigates the unsteady stagnation-point flow and heat transfer over a moving plate with mass transfer,which is also an exact solution to the unsteady Navier-Stokes(NS)equations.The boundary layer energy equation is solved with the closed form solutions for prescribed wall temperature and prescribed wall heat flux conditions.The wall temperature and heat flux have power dependence on both time and spatial distance.The solution domain,the velocity distribution,the flow field,and the temperature distribution in the fluids are studied for different controlling parameters.These parameters include the Prandtl number,the mass transfer parameter at the wall,the wall moving parameter,the time power index,and the spatial power index.It is found that two solution branches exist for certain combinations of the controlling parameters for the flow and heat transfer problems.The heat transfer solutions are given by the confluent hypergeometric function of the first kind,which can be simplified into the incomplete gamma functions for special conditions.The wall heat flux and temperature profiles show very complicated variation behaviors.The wall heat flux can have multiple poles under certain given controlling parameters,and the temperature can have significant oscillations with overshoot and negative values in the boundary layers.The relationship between the number of poles in the wall heat flux and the number of zero-crossing points is identified.The difference in the results of the prescribed wall temperature case and the prescribed wall heat flux case is analyzed.Results given in this paper provide a rare closed form analytical solution to the entire unsteady NS equations,which can be used as a benchmark problem for numerical code validation.