荧光标记法研究鱼类GABA受体与Ro7-1986/1和Fipronil的相互作用

以苯二氮卓类化合物Ro7-1986/1和氟虫腈(Fipronil)分别与异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)反应合成了2种γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)受体的配体荧光复合物,即FITC-Ro7-1986/1(简称FITC-Ro7)和FITC-Fipronil;利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)等手段对其结构进行了表征.以2种荧光配体为探针,采用荧光标记法研究了Ro7-1986/1和Fipronil与鳙鱼(Hypophthalmichthys nobilis)脑内GABA受体的相互作用,得到了亲和常数Kd和最大结合量[RT].同时考察了GABA对Ro7-1986/1与受体相互作用的影响.研究结果表明,Ro7-1986/1和Fipronil与受体的亲和常数Kd分别为(67±5)nmol/L和(346±6)nmol/L;最大结合量[RT]分别为(13.8±1.8)pmol/mg protein和(40.6±3.5)pmol/mg protein;GABA促进了Ro7-1986/1与受体的结合,进一步的研究结果表明,鱼类与哺乳动物脑中GABA受体结构相似;相对于哺乳动物,苯吡唑类杀虫剂Fipronil对鱼类GABA的亲和力较高.     

柱切换液相色谱法快速定量检测参附注射液中乌头碱类生物碱和人参皂苷

利用柱切换液相色谱,建立了参附注射液中苯甲酰新乌头原碱、苯甲酰乌头原碱、苯甲酰次乌头原碱、新乌头碱、次乌头碱和乌头碱6种乌头碱类生物碱,以及Rg1、Re、Rf、Rb1、Rc、Ro、Rb2、Rb3、Rd 9种人参皂苷的分析方法。首先利用强阳离子交换的在线固相小柱选择性富集和净化样品中生物碱类成分,优化了色谱条件;并采用EC－C18柱作为人参皂苷的分析柱,通过优化实验条件,结合柱切换方式,去除了样品中辅料等大极性基质成分对色谱柱的污染,实现了生物碱分析和人参皂苷分析的自动切换。结果显示,样品中的生物碱和人参皂苷分离良好,线性相关系数（r2）均大于0.999,连续进样精密度的相对标准偏差（RSD） < 2.0%,重复性的RSD < 2.0%;其中6种生物碱的平均回收率为95.1%～98.6%,检出限为4.0～8.2 ng/mL;9种人参皂苷的平均回收率为91.7%～104%。所构建的基于柱切换液相色谱技术的在线固相萃取方法能够有效去除样品中的基质干扰,快速完成参附注射液中3种单酯型生物碱和9种人参皂苷的快速定量,同时也可对3种双酯型生物碱进行限量检测,可应用于药物的质量评价。     

Development of a novel HPLC‐MS/MS method for the determination of aconitine and its application to in vitro and rat microdialysis samples

A sensitive and selective LC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of aconitine in microdialysate and rat plasma. Extraction of plasma sample was conducted by use of 1% trichloracetic acid and acetonitrile solution with 10 ng/mL internal standard (propafenone) spiked. Microdialysates were analyzed without sample purification. After sample preparation, 2 µL were injected and separated with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile:0.1% formic acid (60:40, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The Agilent G6410A triple quadrupole LC/MS system was operated under the multiple‐reaction monitoring mode (MRM) using the electrospray ionization technique in positive mode. Overall, the assay exhibited good precision and accuracy. The diffusion properties of aconitine investigated in in vitro microdialysis experiments revealed unfavourable concentration dependence avertable by keeping a constant pH 5.77 using isotonic phosphate buffer solution as perfusate. The mean relative recoveries were 48.23% [coefficient of variation (CV 4.47%)] and 55.38% (CV 2.89%) for retrodialysis and recovery experiments, respectively. The in vivo recovery of aconitine was 34.48% (CV 3.05%) and was stable over the 6 h study period. Following characterization of aconitine both in vitro and in vivo microdialysis, the developed setting is suitable for application in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics studies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sensitive analysis of aconitine, hypaconitine, mesaconitine and jesaconitine in human body fluids and Aconitum tubers by LC/ESI-TOF-MS

The Aconitum species (Ranunculaceae) are widely distributed in northern Asia and North America. Their roots are popularly used in herbal medicines in China and Japan. Many cases of accidental, suicidal and homicidal intoxication with this plant have been reported; some of these were fatal because the toxicity of Aconitum is very high. It is thus important to detect and quantify Aconitum alkaloids in body fluids, with high sensitivity. We have developed a simple and sensitive method for measuring four kinds of Aconitum alkaloids (aconitine, hypaconitine, jesaconitine and mesaconitine) by LC/electrospray (ESI)-time-of-flight (TOF)-MS. For all of them, only molecular ions were observed at an orifice voltage of 75 V; at 135 V, base peaks corresponding to [M - 60 + H]+ ions were observed. These four compounds and methyllycaconitine (internal standard) in human plasma samples were purified by solid-phase extraction. The four extracted compounds were completely separated in mass chromatograms; the calibration curves showed good linearity in the range 10-300 ng/ml, and the detection limits were estimated to be 0.2-0.5 ng/ml. Using our method, we also determined the amounts of these compounds in tuber samples. The present method is applicable in clinical and forensic toxicology.     

Rapid separation and determination of aconitine alkaloids in traditional Chinese herbs by capillary electrophoresis using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoium-based ionic liquid as running electrolyte

A novel and very simple capillary electrophoretic method for analyzing aconitine components in Aconitum plants was developed using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoium tetrafluoroborate (1B-3MI-TFB)-based ionic liquid as running electrolyte solution for the first time. The optimum conditions were 35 mM 1B-3MI-TFB solution (pH 8.50) and 15 kV applied voltage. The detection was performed at 254 nm. Aconitine, meaconitine and hypaconitine in Aconitum plants were separated and identified within 5 min. The recoveries were 91.0-103.0% for hypaconitine, 92.8-96.2% for aconitine and 96.0-106.6% for mesaconitine, respectively. Compared with other methods, the analytical time was decreased 4-8-fold and the effect of Joule heating was weaker because the current was smaller.     

生物检材中乌头类生物碱的检验

 用薄层 (TLC)、高效液相 光电二极管阵列检测器 (HPLC/DAD)、动物实验等方法对生物检材中乌头生物碱进行检验 ,并对这些方法进行比较。结果发现 ,TLC法为此类药物检验筛选的首选方法 ,最小检出量为 0 3μg。在进行HPLC检测时 ,以乌头生物碱的特征紫外吸收光谱和动物实验结果为重要的定性手段 ,其特征吸收波长为 (2 2 8± 2 )nm和 (2 75± 2 )nm。乌头生物碱在 2mg/L～ 5 0mg/L时其峰面积与质量浓度有很好的线性 ,相关系数为 0 9996。经实际案件证明 ,方法准确、灵敏 ,可用于生物检材中乌头类生物碱的检验。     

Contribution of cyclodextrins in the development of different pharmaceutical formulations of a new matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor

Ro 28-2653 is a new synthetic inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases. The ability of these enzymes to degrade various components of the extracellular matrix seems to play a major role in tumors progression and is potentially effective against bronchial remodeling in asthma and BPCO. Ro 28-2653 is very poorly soluble in water. This low solubility estimated at about 0.56 μg/ml in water at 25 °C gives rise to difficulties in pharmaceutical formulation of oral, injectable or nebulizable solutions. The purpose of our study is to prepare and to characterize inclusion complexes between Ro 28-2653 and cyclodextrins and to investigate the biopharmaceutical repercussion of the inclusion of the active substance. The complex formation was investigated by phase solubility studies. ¹H-NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling studies were carried out to elucidate the structure of the inclusion complex between Ro 28-2653 and cyclodextrin. Oral, intravenous and nebulizable solutions of Ro 28-2653 were developed with cyclodextrin. The in vivo studies were performed on healthy sheep for the pharmacokinetic evaluation of the oral and intravenous formulations while the nebulization of the complex solution was studied by using an asthma model in mouse.     

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of Ro 25-8210 and Ro 25-6630

Here we report the chemoenzymatic synthesis of Ro 25-8210 (1) and Ro 25-6630 (2) by using microbial reduction of a-chloromethyl ketone 4 mediated with baker's yeast and Geotrichum sp. to afford the optically active (R) and (S)-α-chlorohydrin 8 respectively as the key step.     

酶化学合成一对对映体Ro 25-8210和Ro 25-6630

利用白地霉菌株和啤酒酵母催化还原α－氯代酮　４分别制得光学活性的（Ｒ）和（Ｓ）－α－氯代酶 ８，并以它们作为关键步骤合成了 Ｒｏ２５－８２１０（１）和 Ｒｏ２５－６６３０（２）．     

A validated high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of moclobemide and its two metabolites in human plasma and application to pharmacokinetic studies

A rapid and sensitive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method (RP-HPLC) with ultraviolet detection has been developed for the determination of moclobemide and its metabolites, p-chloro-N-(-2-morpholinoethyl)benzamide N'-oxide (Ro 12-5637) and p-chloro-N-[2-(3-oxomorpholino)ethyl]-benzamide (Ro 12-8095), in human plasma. The assay was performed after single liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane at alkaline pH using phenacetin as the internal standard. Chromatographic separation was performed on a C(18) column using a mixture of acetonitrile and water (25:75, v/v), adjusted to pH 2.7 with ortho-phosphoric acid, as mobile phase. Spectrophotometric detection was performed at 239 nm. The method has been validated for accuracy, precision, selectivity, linearity, recovery and stability. The quantification limit for moclobemide and Ro 12-8095 was 10 ng/mL, and for Ro 12-5637 was 30 ng/mL. Linearity of the method was confirmed for the range 20-2500 ng/mL for moclobemide (r = 0.9998), 20-1750 ng/mL for Ro 12-8095 (r = 0.9996) and 30-350 ng/mL for Ro 12-5637 (r = 0.9991). Moreover, within-day and between-day precisions and accuracies of the method were established. The described method was successfully applied in pharmacokinetic studies of parent drug and its two metabolites after a single oral administration of 150 mg of moclobemide to 20 healthy volunteers.