SAPO系磷铝分子筛的晶化及其复合催化剂对CO加氢的影响

探索了机械搅拌、配料组成、晶化参数等因素对SAPO-34和SAPO-5磷铝分子筛水热合成的影响,考察了混粒（颗粒混合）工艺和研粉（粉体研磨）工艺对“磷铝分子筛/尖晶石”复合催化剂制备的影响。与SAPO-34分子筛相比,SAPO-5分子筛晶体对机械作用的耐受性较强。用XRD、N2物理吸附、FESEM、EDS研究了材料的结构和织构特征。对比了四种复合催化剂的CO催化加氢性能。能够使复合催化剂更能抑制C–C偶合、从而更富产低碳烃的物相次序为：SAPO-34 > SAPO-5 > “ZnAlCrO4”尖晶石相。能够使复合催化剂具有更高CO加氢活性（即CO转化率）的物相次序为：“ZnAlCrO4”尖晶石相 > SAPO-34 > SAPO-5。     

甘肃马衔山和田玉化学成分分析和产地判别研究

甘肃马衔山和田玉具有重要的宝玉石价值和考古文化价值,其中产地区分为甘肃马衔山和田玉的研究重点。通过测试分析马衔山和田玉的化学成分,对比其与国内主要产地和田玉的化学成分差异,建立微量元素产地判别模型,对甘肃马衔山和田玉的产地鉴别进行探究,为甘肃齐家文化中古玉器溯源提供数据支撑。以电子探针分析甘肃马衔山和田玉的主量元素,结果表明其主要成分为透闪石。采用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪分析其微量元素和稀土元素,对比新疆、青海、辽宁、江苏、贵州、甘肃马衔山和田玉微量元素蛛网图、稀土元素参数和稀土元素配分图,结果表明不同产地和田玉存在差异,可进行产地区分;三维散点图δCe-ΣREE-LREE/HREE投图可将青海、辽宁、江苏、贵州和田玉进行产地区分,但不能区分新疆和甘肃马衔山和田玉;运用SPSS软件对新疆、青海、辽宁、江苏、贵州、甘肃马衔山和田玉的微量元素建立产地线性判别模型,对于已知六个产地：新疆、青海、辽宁、江苏、贵州、甘肃马衔山的数据, 判别分析正确率可达100.0%, 交叉验证正确率为90.3%,预留10组马衔山和田玉数据,回代验证正确率为100%。微量元素产地线性判别模型在和田玉产地判别中获得很好的效果。     

Qualitative screening of absorbed indoloquinazoline alkaloids and their metabolites in rat plasma after the oral administration of Wu‐Zhu‐Yu decoction by high‐resolution mass spectrometry with multiple data mining algorithms

A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography with high‐resolution mass spectrometry method with multiple data processing algorithms was developed and applied for the metabolite profiling of evodiamine and its analogous alkaloids in rat plasma after the administration of Wu‐Zhu‐Yu decoction. All samples were purified using hydrophilic‐lipophilic balanced solid‐phase extraction cartridges and analyzed by a Sciex TripleTOF 5600⁺ mass spectrometer with a 35 min liquid chromatography gradient elution. High‐resolution full‐scan mass spectrometry and information‐dependent acquisition tandem mass spectrometry data were analyzed using multiple data processing approaches. The results indicated that the detected eight prototype alkaloids could be metabolized to 58 metabolites through both phase I and phase II reactions. Oxidation was demonstrated to be the principle metabolic pathway of the parent compounds. The study contributes to the understanding of the absorption and metabolism of the alkaloids in Wu‐Zhu‐Yu decoction and provides a detailed analysis of scientific data.     

陕北榆神府矿区煤炭资源开发主要水工环问题及防治对策

分析了榆神府矿区煤炭资源开发所面临的主要水文、工程、环境地质问题。以水文工程地质条件研究为基础 ,给出了榆神府矿区土地沙漠化、水土流失和水环境受开采影响的预期结果。并提出了实现保水采煤的水工环技术方案和工程措施建议。     

The binding of alkali atoms to the surfaces of liquid helium and hydrogen

Alkali atoms have been shown previously to have only unstable binding states inside liquid⁴He. We calculate the equilibrium configurations and binding energies of single alkali atoms near the liquid-vapor interface of⁴He and³He. A simple interface model is used to predict the surface deformation due to the presence of the atoms. A more realistic density functional model yields somewhat higher energies in the case of⁴He. For all alkali atoms, we find the surface binding energies to be around 10 to 20 K. A similar analysis with atom-H₂ interactions finds that alkali atoms tend to submerge into liquid H₂, with the exception of Li.     

土壤胶体化学家虞宏正的学术思想与科学贡献

虞宏正是我国著名的胶体化学与物理化学家、教育家。他扎根西北,融汇世界思想,形成了颇具价值的学术思想,至今仍是当代科学研究的精髓与主导思想。他毕生致力于胶体化学、热力学研究,建立了新的分支学科,开创了土壤科学研究所,培育了几代化学科学家,为中国化学学科和农业科学的发展做出了重要的贡献。     

虞和钦与中国首家“完全国货”的民办硫酸厂

虞和钦是清末和民国时期脱胎于中国传统士人，致力于科学中国化实践的新型知识分子。论文介绍了虞和钦在筹建开成造酸厂、为开成造酸公司筹资、硫酸试产与投产等方面的作为，指出他作为中国一家曾制衡外商外企的民族硫酸企业之首倡者，理应载入中国近代化学工业的史册。     

“无涯之知,世代之功”——汪猷的主要科学成就和学术思想

本文扼要叙述了汪猷先生的学术渊源、他一生的主要科学活动与成就、在这些科学活动与成就中所表现出来的学术思想以及他的学术思想在中科院上海有机所的传承与发扬。     

Simultaneous determination of three alkaloids,four ginsenosides and limonin in the plasma of normal and headache rats after oral administration of Wu‐Zhu‐Yu decoction by a novel ultra fast liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method: application to a comparative pharmacokinetics and ethological study

A novel, sensitive and reliable ultra fast liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC‐MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for simultaneous quantitation of eight main active ingredients (evodiamine, rutaecarpine, dehydroevodiamine, limonin, ginsenoside Rb₁, Rd, Re and Rg₁) in rat plasma after oral administration of Wu‐Zhu‐Yu (WZY) decoction, which is a celebrated and widely used Traditional Chinese Medicine formula for the treatment of headache. The analytes and internal standard (IS) were separated on a SHIM‐PACK XR‐ODS II column, and the detection was performed on a UFLC‐MS/MS system with turbo ion spray source. The lower limits of quantification were 1.5, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 2.0, 1.0, 0.5 and 0.2 ng ml^?1 for evodiamine, rutaecarpine, dehydroevodiamine, limonin, gensenoside Rb₁, Rd, Re and Rg₁, respectively. Linearity, accuracy, precision and absolute recoveries of the eight analytes were all within satisfaction. The IS‐normalized matrix factor was adopted for assessing the matrix effect and accompanied with a satisfactory result. The validated method has been successfully applied to compare pharmacokinetic profiles of the eight active ingredients in rat plasma between normal and headache rats after administration. Exact pharmaceutical effect of WZY decoction on headache was demonstrated by the ethological response of headache rats induced by nitric oxide donor after administration. The results indicated that the absorption of evodiamine, rutaecarpine, gensenoside Rb₁, Re and Rg₁ in headache group were significantly higher than those in normal group with similar concentration–time curves while no significant differences existed in limonin and ginsenoside Rd between the two groups. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.