Liquid phase microextraction applications in food analysis

Over the last years, liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) in its different application modes (single drop microextraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and hollow fiber-LPME) has been increasingly applied for the extraction of both inorganic and organic analytes from different matrices. Its advantages over conventional extraction procedures (simplicity, effectiveness, rapidity and low consumption of organic solvents) has also attracted its application in the complex food analysis field, in which it has clearly provided good and challenging results. A comprehensive review dealing with those articles published since its introduction till the end of March 2011 is presented, offering also a critical vision of the analytical potential of LPME for the analysis of foods.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定纺织品中4种苯并三唑类紫外稳定剂

建立了快速同时测定纺织品中UV-350,UV-320,UV-328和UV-327 4种苯并三唑类紫外稳定剂(BUVSs)的超声提取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(USE-UPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。样品经正己烷饱和的乙腈超声波提取后,采用Eclipse Plus C18柱(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.8μm)分离,甲醇-0.01 mol/L甲酸铵水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,电喷雾离子源电离,正离子多反应监测模式进行定性和定量分析,外标法定量。结果表明,4种BUVSs的线性相关系数(r2)均大于0.99,检出限为0.006 3~0.024 mg/kg,定量下限为0.021~0.081 mg/kg。加标回收率为80.0%~102.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.2%~9.9%。将该方法应用于纺织品中BUVSs的分析测定,结果令人满意。     

Fast miniaturised sample preparation for the screening and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatographic determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in sludge

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sludge are usually extracted by a technique such as Soxhlet with subsequent fractionation prior to long GC runs using GC-ECD or GC-HRMS. In this study, the extraction of selected chlorinated biphenyls (CBs) from a spiked sludge sample by three rapid techniques, i.e. ultrasonic (USE), pressurised-liquid (PLE), and microwave-assisted (MAE) extraction using a domestic microwave, was studied, with subsequent direct GC-ECD, GC-MS, or GC x GC-microECD analysis of the extracts. The main goal was to select an appropriate, and miniaturised, extraction method after only a brief optimisation and demonstrate the power of GC x GC analysis of dirty extracts. For PLE similar CB recoveries were found when extracting with either n-hexane or n-hexane/acetone (1/1). For USE and MAE, n-hexane/acetone (1/1) was the preferred extraction solvent. USE gave the best recoveries (80-95%; except 130% for CB 105). The only clean-up needed prior to GC-MS or GC x GC-gECD analysis was the removal of sulphur-containing compounds. GC-ECD was not suitable for these dirty extracts. The lowest LODs for the CBs (20 fg or 0.1 ng/g sludge) were found when combining USE and GC x GC-microECD, because of the powerful extraction, high separation power and excellent detectability provided by this technique.     

Comparison of hydrodistillation and ultrasonic solvent extraction for the isolation of volatile compounds from two unifloral honeys of Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Castanea sativa L

A comparative study of ultrasound-assisted extraction (USE) with the mixture pentane:ether (1:2) and hydrodistillation (HD) with the same trapping mixture is presented for the isolation of volatile compounds from two unifloral honeys of Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Castanea sativa L. All HD isolates contained many thermally derived artefacts (especially phenylacetaldehyde with lower percentages of furfural, cis- and trans-linalool oxides and others). USE method gave the most representative profile of all honey volatiles (without artefacts). In addition, USE enabled extraction of low molecular weight semivolatile markers (especially benzoic, vanillic and phenylacetic acids) that were not extracted by HD. In this regard, low percentage of benzoic acid (0.7–7.4%), vanillic acid (0.0–1.6%) and phenylacetic acid (0.5–4.1%) was determined in Rp USE extracts, while Cs USE extracts contained phenylacetic acid (20.2–23.5%) as the major constituent with low percentage of benzoic acid (2.5–5.5%).