高压烧结制备Tb掺杂n型(Bi1–xTbx)2(Te0.9Se0.1)3合金及其微结构和热电性能

采用高压烧结技术制备了稀土元素Tb掺杂的n型Bi2Te2.7Se0.3基纳米晶块体热电材料.将高压烧结成型的样品于633 K真空退火36 h.研究了Tb掺杂量对样品的晶体结构和热电性能的影响.结果表明,高压烧结制备的样品为纳米结构, Tb掺杂使样品的晶胞体积变大,功率因子增大,热导率降低,从而使ZT值提高.Tb掺杂量为x=0.004是最优的掺杂量,该掺杂量的高压烧结样品经退火处理后,于373 K时ZT值达到最大为0.99,并且在323-473 K范围内, ZT值均大于0.8,这对用于温差发电领域具有重要意义.     

Investigating the Mechanism by Which Intragap States Tailor Light Emission: Case of Copper Deficient and Zn Doped Cu−In−Se Quantum Dots**

The large structural tolerance of I–III–VI group quantum dots (QDs) to off-stoichiometry allows their photoluminescence properties to be adjusted via doping, thereby enabling application in different fields. However, the photophysical processes underlying their photoluminescence mechanism remain significantly unknown. In particular, the transition channels of CuInSe₂ QDs, which are altered by intrinsic and extrinsic intragap states, remain poorly reported. Herein, we investigated the photophysical processes associated with intragap states via electrochemical and optical techniques by using copper deficient Cu−In−Se QDs as well as Zn doped Cu−In−Se QDs. When the Cu/In molar ratios of Cu−In−Se QDs increased from 0.3 : 1 to 0.9 : 1, the photoluminescence spectra displayed a red-shift from 700 nm to 1050 nm. Although there was a blue-shift after the introduction of Zn²⁺ dopants in Cu−In−Se QDs, a significant red-shift occurred (from 660 nm to 760 nm) when the Zn/Cu molar ratios decreased from 0.7 : 0.3 to 0.3 : 0.7. The Gaussian deconvolution results of the photoluminescence spectra and the band gap derived from absorption spectra by fitting supported the fact that the optical transition channels are dependent on the Cu/In and Zn/Cu molar ratios. After the introduction of the Zn²⁺ ions, the alloyed-resultant blue-shift of the emission spectra was observed, primarily due to the enlarged band gap; however, the radiative recombination of prominent intrinsic intragap states is still observed; and only a small proportion of the band-edge exciton undergoes recombination for the sample with low Zn content. Cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed well-defined extrinsic Zn_Cu intragap states (Zn substitution on Cu sites) and intrinsic Cu^x (x= 1+/2+) states in the band gap. The results presented here provide a better understanding of the varying effects of dopant on photoluminescence in terms of I–III–VI group QDs.     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定粗二氧化碲中 铜、铅、锑、铋、砷和硒

粗二氧化碲作为碲精炼或碲化工产品生产的重要原料,其中共存元素铜、铅、砷、锑、铋、硒含量的准确测定对于生产过程质量控制和贸易结算具有重要意义,但目前没有粗二氧化碲中铜、铅、砷、锑、铋、硒含量检测的标准分析方法。采用王水和饱和氟化氢铵分解试样,在王水和酒石酸介质中,选用Cu 327.393 nm、Pb 220.353 nm、Sb 217.582 nm、Bi 223.061 nm、As 193.696 nm、Se 196.026 nm为分析谱线,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定粗二氧化碲中铜、铅、锑、铋、砷和硒含量。各元素校准曲线的相关系数均大于0.999;铜、铅、锑、铋、砷和硒的检出限分别为0.0004%、0.0005%、0.0006%、0.0007%、0.0004%和0.0007%,定量检出限分别为0.0012%、0.0016%、0.0020%、0.0025%、0.0013%和0.0025%。按照实验方法测定5个粗二氧化碲样品中铜、铅、锑、铋、砷和硒,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)为0.79%~4.8%,加标回收率为96.0%~103%。方法简单,精密度和准确度较高,可用于测定粗二氧化碲中铜、铅、砷、锑、铋、硒含量。     

高效液相色谱-原子荧光法测定农作物中无机硒的含量

采用磷酸二氢钾-硫酸铜溶液超声提取,离心过0.45μm滤膜后,高效液相色谱-原子荧光光谱仪测定农作物样品中的Se(Ⅳ)和Se(Ⅵ)含量。本方法的检出限为：Se(Ⅳ)1.5μg/kg,Se(Ⅵ)为1.5μg/kg。本方法的精密度(RSD)为5.8-8.2%和回收率为81.5%-92.5%。     

氢化物发生-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定环境样品中痕量硒

环境样品经硝酸-过氧化氢-氢氟酸体系微波消解,利用自制雾化器采用氢化物发生-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定其中的痕量硒。选择硒的分析谱线为196.090nm。硒的质量浓度在32μg·L-1以内与其发射强度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.71μg·L-1。方法应用于国家标准物质中硒的的测定,测定值与认定相符,加标回收率在85.8%~102%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.38%~2.3%之间。     

Full four‐component relativistic calculations of the one‐bond 77Se–13C spin‐spin coupling constants in the series of selenium heterocycles and their parent open‐chain selenides

Four‐component relativistic calculations of ⁷⁷Se–¹³C spin–spin coupling constants have been performed in the series of selenium heterocycles and their parent open‐chain selenides. It has been found that relativistic effects play an essential role in the selenium–carbon coupling mechanism and could result in a contribution of as much as 15–25% of the total values of the one‐bond selenium–carbon spin‐spin coupling constants. In the overall contribution of the relativistic effects to the total values of ¹J(Se,C), the scalar relativistic corrections (negative in sign) by far dominate over the spin‐orbit ones (positive in sign), the latter being of less than 5%, as compared to the former (ca 20%). A combination of nonrelativistic second‐order polarization propagator approach (CC2) with the four‐component relativistic density functional theory scheme is recommended as a versatile tool for the calculation of ¹J(Se,C). Solvent effects in the values of ¹J(Se,C) calculated within the polarizable continuum model for the solvents with different dielectric constants (ε 2.2–78.4) are next to negligible decreasing negative ¹J(Se,C) in absolute value by only about 1 Hz. The use of the locally dense basis set approach applied herewith for the calculation of ⁷⁷Se–¹³C spin‐spin coupling constants is fully justified resulting in a dramatic decrease in computational cost with only 0.1–0.2‐Hz loss of accuracy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Electrical and Thermal Transport Properties of n-type Bi6Cu2Se4O6 (2BiCuSeO + 2Bi2O2Se)

New thermoelectric materials, n-type Bi₆Cu₂Se₄O₆ oxyselenides, composed of well-known BiCuSeO and Bi₂O₂Se oxyselenides, are synthesized with a simple solid-state reaction. Electrical transport properties, microstructures, and elastic properties are investigated with an emphasis on thermal transport properties. Similar to Bi₂O₂Se, it is found that the halogen-doped Bi₆Cu₂Se₄O₆ possesses n-type conducting transports, which can be improved via Br/Cl doping. Compared with BiCuSeO and Bi₂O₂Se, an extremely low thermal conductivity can be observed in Bi₆Cu₂Se₄O₆. To reveal the origin of low thermal conductivity, elastic properties, sound velocity, Grüneisen parameter, and Debye temperature are evaluated. Importantly, the calculated phonon mean free path of Bi₆Cu₂Se₄O₆ is comparable to the interlayer distance for BiO─CuSe and BiO─Se layers, which is ascribed to the strong interlayer phonon scattering. Contributing from the outstanding low thermal conductivity and improved electrical transport properties, the maximum ZT ≈0.15 at 823 K and ≈0.11 at 873K are realized in n-type Bi₆Cu₂Se_3.2Br_0.8O₆ and Bi₆Cu₂Se_3.6Cl_0.4O₆, respectively, indicating the promising thermoelectric performance in n-type Bi₆Cu₂Se₄O₆ oxyselenides.     

Flow‐Injection Online Reduction Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry Determination of Se(IV) and Se(VI) with Electrochemical Hydride Generation

Abstract

A new flow‐injection online reduction electrochemical hydride generation system for the determination of Se(IV) and Se(VI) by atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS) was developed. In the system, an electromagnetic induction oven was used as heating resource to reduce Se(VI) to Se(IV) and a homemade tubular electrolytic cell as hydride generator. All analytical procedures were automatically controlled by a computer. The conditions of online reduction, including temperature, HCl concentration, and reduction time, have been studied in detail. The detection limits (3σ) of Se(IV) and Se(VI) in aqueous solution were 0.26 µg L^?1 and 0.23 µg L^?1, respectively. The precision for 11 replicate measurements of 50 µg L^?1 Se(IV) and Se(VI) was 2.2% and 2.5%. This proposed method has been applied to the determination of Se(IV) and Se(VI) in springwater samples.     

Organoselenido Complexes of Tungsten

Organometallic tungsten selenido complexes of the type [cpW(CO)₃]₂Se_m; m = 2 (1), 3 (2), 4 (3), can be easily synthesized via insertion of selenium into the alkali-metal tungsten bond of LiWcp(CO)₃ in appropriate ratios and subsequent oxidation of the produced W-selenolates with O₂/SiO₂. In contrast, reactions of K₂Se₆ with [cpW(CO)₃Cl] and 18-crown-6 in DMF lead to a mixture óf [cpW(CO)₃]₂Se₄ (3), the η¹ Se-bonded selenocarbamato complex [cpW(CO)₃SeC(O)NMe₂] (4) and the ionic complex [(18-crown-6)K]⁺[cpW(Se₄)₂]^? (5). The crystal structures of 3 and 4 together with their ⁷⁷Se NMR data are presented.