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1.
《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2013,34(2):243-249
Development of new formulations for topical use and cosmetic and pharmaceutical delivery agents has increased the complexity of emulsified systems. Liquid crystals, known since the nineteenth century are the third phase of an emulsion, being responsible for increasing its stability and the solubility of substances poorly soluble in water, or the oily phase, modulating the release of drugs imprisoned in its structure and promoting hydration of the skin surface. In the present work we developed oil/water emulsions, making use of Marigold oil (Calendula officinalis L) and ethoxylated fat alcohols as surfactant. The required HLB value for marigold oil was determined to be 6.0. The surfactants were associated in lipophilic/hydrophilic pairs. The lipophilic surfactants were Ceteth‐2 and Steareth‐2 and the hydrophilic surfactants were Steareth‐20, Ceteareth‐20, Ceteareth‐5, and Ceteth‐10. To identify the liquid crystalline phases, the emulsions were analyzed by polarized light microscopy. The physical stability was evaluated by rheology and zeta potential analysis. All emulsions presented lamellar liquid crystal structures. Results showed that this type of surfactant is able to produce liquid crystal in the system, with slight difference in appearance, influencing the physical stability, according to the methods applied. 相似文献
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《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2013,34(1):119-124
Effect of added oil (heptane or squalane) on the microemulsion structures in polyoxyethylene dodecyl ether (C12EOn) systems was investigated by means of phase behavior and NMR diffusion experiments. In the binary water-C12EOn systems, an isotropic fluid, D2 (or L3), and an aqueous micellar solution, Wm, phases are successively formed with increasing the EO-chain length. Upon addition of heptane, D2 and Wm phases are merged and a microemulsion of large solubilization is produced at a low surfactant concentration. With squalane, the solubilization of oil in D2 phase is very low or almost zero, whereas the oil solubilization in Wm phase is relatively large. These structural changes in microemulsions are discussed based on the self-diffusion coefficients of water, oil, and surfactant measured by the PGSE-NMR method. The difference in the phase behavior may be attributed to the difference in the penetration tendency of oil in the surfactant palisade layer. 相似文献
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Microemulsions are important organized molecular assembles in surfactant solutions and are used in various fields such as tertiary oil recovery, pharmaceutics, cosmetics, nanoparticle synthe-sis and chemical engineering. The more commonly used nonionic surfactants to produce micro- emulsions are the ethylene oxide-based compounds (CiEj). In recent years alkyl polyglucosides have been received considerable attention in producing microemulsions[17]. Alkyl polyglucosides (APG), which are widely… 相似文献
4.
Ricardo C. Pasquali Natalia Sacco Carlos Bregni 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2013,34(4):479-481
In this article, we obtained equations that permit us to calculate the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value of polyoxyethylene esters from quality control data of the raw materials (fatty acids and polyethylene glycol) and the finished product (surfactant). These data include the acid value of the fatty acid, the hydroxyl value of the polyethylene glycol, and the hydroxyl value of the surfactant. These calculations permit us, moreover, to know the mean molecular masses of fatty acids, of polyethylene glycol, of monoester and diester, and the proportion of polyoxyethylene monoester and polyoxyethylene diester. 相似文献
5.
Xiaomei Gao Fei Gao Lingzhi Chen Yuan Yao Tao Chen Shaoliang Lin 《Journal of Saudi Chemical Society》2018,22(3):297-305
A series of poly(4-vinylpyridine)-b-poly{6-[4-(4-butyloxyphenylazo)phenoxy]hexyl methacrylate} (P4VP-b-PAzoMA) were employed to fabricate aggregates via the emulsion–solvent evaporation method. The emulsion was stabilized by compound emulsifier composed of SDS and span60. By tuning the ratio of two emulsifiers, P4VP-b-PAzoMA could self-assemble into various morphologies including porous microspheres, tremella-like aggregates, bowl-like aggregates and wrinkled microspheres. The transformation of the morphologies could be ascribed to three major aspects: the stability of emulsified chloroform droplets, the permeation of water into chloroform and the dispersity of the interior water droplets with regard to different HLB values. Besides, the morphology could even be tuned by changing the block ratio and the concentration of P4VP-b-PAzoMA, and the HLB dependent morphology changing was also proved within other block ratio or different concentration. The study uncovers a convenient and effective technique to manipulate the morphology of amphiphilic copolymer aggregates. 相似文献
6.
高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定水产品中19种喹诺酮类药物残留 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用PRiME HLB净化技术,采用超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS),建立了水产品中19种喹诺酮类药物残留的检测方法。对样品的净化、浓缩、液相色谱分离及串联质谱等相关检测参数进行了优化。样品经80%乙腈水溶液提取,PRiME HLB固相萃取柱净化,在ACQUITY BEH C_(18)色谱柱(1.7μm,2.1 mm×100 mm)上以甲醇和5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(含0.1%甲酸)为流动相梯度洗脱,液相色谱-串联质谱MRM方式进行定量分析。结果表明:各组分在各自浓度范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为72.1%~119.9%,相对标准偏差为2.4%~15.6%,检出限均为0.5μg/kg,定量下限均为1.5μg/kg。该方法用于水产品中喹诺酮类药物残留的检测,具有准确、快速、简便、灵敏度高等优点,为水产品中喹诺酮类药物残留的测定提供了新途径。 相似文献
7.
A rapid gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) analytical method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of 7 estrogenic hormones (17α-estradiol, 17β-estradiol, estrone, mestranol, 17α-ethynylestradiol, levonorgestrel, estriol) and 5 androgenic hormones (testosterone, androsterone, etiocholanolone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione) in aqueous matrices. This method is unique in its inclusion of all 12 of these estrogens and androgens and is of particular value due to its very short chromatographic run time of 15 min. The use of isotope dilution for all analytes ensures the accurate quantification, accounting for analytical variabilities that may be introduced during sample processing and instrumental analysis. Direct isotopically labelled analogues were used for 8 of the 12 hormones and satisfactory isotope standards were identified for the remaining 4 hormones. Method detection levels (MDLs) were determined to describe analyte concentrations sufficient to provide a signal with 99% certainty of detection. The established MDLs for most analytes were 1-5 ngL(-1) in a variety of aqueous matrices. However, slightly higher MDLs were observed for etiocholanolone, androstenedione, testosterone, levonorgestrel and dihydrotestosterone in some aqueous matrices. Sample matrices were observed to have only a minor impact on MDLs and the method validation confirmed satisfactory method stability over intra-day and inter-day analyses of surface water and tertiary treated effluent samples. 相似文献
8.
Valeria Verdinelli Bruno Vuano Pablo C. Schulz 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2013,34(10):1538-1544
The emulsifier properties of n-alkane phosphonic acids (C10H21PO3H2; C12H25PO3H2 and C13H27PO3H2) and their mono- and di-sodic salts were studied, with emphasis on the morphological and dynamical inversion properties as a function of their neutralization degree. Maximum stabilization properties were appreciated for C10PO3H2 and C12PO3H2 while not for C13PO3H2. Such fact is associated to their odd number of carbon atoms chain, which is the origin of the intrachain constraints on the tail-chain flexibility. 相似文献
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Qing Shen Jie Wang Kang Chen Shiyan Li Yang Wang Haixing Wang 《Electrophoresis》2019,40(11):1615-1621
A high‐throughput PRiME (process, robustness, improvements, matrix effects, ease of use) sample purification procedure was developed to simplify the multiple steps of traditional SPE in extracting the malachite green and leucomalachite green in Chinese softshell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). The sample loading volume, extracting solvent type, and pH value of the employed PRiME hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance cartridge for sample purification were optimized to be 3 mL, acetonitrile, and pH 5, respectively. In comparison with traditional SPE, the PRiME process is cost‐effective, solvent‐saving, and simple to operate, which only consists of a passing through step without traditional sorbent conditioning and impurity washing. Afterward, eluate was analyzed by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry, and the proposed method was validated for linearity (R2 > 0.9992), intraday precision (2.44–3.22%), interday precision (3.28–6.58%), sensitivity (LOD ≤ 0.18 μg/kg and, LOQ ≤ 0.60 μg/kg), and recovery (88.7–94.1%, RSD < 6.79%). The results indicated that the PRiME technique can simplify the sample preparation procedure by avoiding the tedious steps, such as conditioning, washing, etc. It would be of significant interest for environmental and food safety applications in the market of Chinese softshell turtle and related products. 相似文献