首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   95913篇
  免费   5023篇
  国内免费   11564篇
化学   65411篇
晶体学   1813篇
力学   2600篇
综合类   837篇
数学   21737篇
物理学   20102篇
  2023年   692篇
  2022年   1199篇
  2021年   1531篇
  2020年   2310篇
  2019年   2443篇
  2018年   2081篇
  2017年   2794篇
  2016年   2638篇
  2015年   2108篇
  2014年   3583篇
  2013年   7146篇
  2012年   6392篇
  2011年   5760篇
  2010年   4997篇
  2009年   6577篇
  2008年   6838篇
  2007年   7043篇
  2006年   6317篇
  2005年   5178篇
  2004年   4852篇
  2003年   4016篇
  2002年   3405篇
  2001年   2700篇
  2000年   2348篇
  1999年   2228篇
  1998年   1891篇
  1997年   1572篇
  1996年   1446篇
  1995年   1546篇
  1994年   1428篇
  1993年   1195篇
  1992年   1076篇
  1991年   711篇
  1990年   583篇
  1989年   572篇
  1988年   390篇
  1987年   357篇
  1986年   336篇
  1985年   318篇
  1984年   288篇
  1983年   169篇
  1982年   260篇
  1981年   215篇
  1980年   202篇
  1979年   180篇
  1978年   166篇
  1977年   122篇
  1976年   102篇
  1974年   50篇
  1973年   46篇
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Dehydrogenation of an organic compound is the first and the most fundamental elementary reaction in many organic reactions. In ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) to form CO2, there are a total of 46 pathways in C2HxO (x=1–6) species leading to the removal of all six hydrogen atoms in five C−H bonds and one O−H bond. To investigate the degree of dehydrogenation in EOR under operando conditions, we performed density function theory (DFT) calculations to study 28 dehydrogenation steps of C2HxO on Ir(100). An activation energy surface was then constructed and compared with that of the C−C bond cleavages to understand the importance of the degree of dehydrogenation in EOR. The results show that there are likely 28 dehydrogenations in EOR under fuel cell temperatures and the last two hydrogens in C2H2O are less likely cleaved. On the other hand, deep dehydrogenation including 45 dehydrogenations can occur under ethanol steam reforming conditions.  相似文献   
3.
ortho-Alkynylarylketone derivatives were employed as key precursors for a one-pot synthesis of arylnaphthalenelactone and furanonaphthol libraries. In this work, we discovered a cost-effective protocol to prepare arylnaphthalenelactones in one-pot using inexpensive starting material, malonate ester, which was conveniently functionalized leading to a variety of structures. Moreover, we also found an unexpected oxy-dearylation reaction which could be used to synthesize furanonaphthol analogs. These novel methods could be applied to a broad range of substrates to give the corresponding products in up to 83% yield. Notably, these classes of compounds exhibited more significant inhibition against protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) enzyme than a standard compound, ursolic acid.  相似文献   
4.
5.
Having shown promising performance with high flexibility and efficiency in vehicular edge computing (VEC) network, the parked vehicles (PVs) received an increasing number of attentions in recent years. However, PVs’ residual battery power restricts their running time. In addition, there is still no alternate resource pool for the PVs to cope with the emergencies in the previous VEC framework. To alleviate these problems, we model a cloud-assisted parked vehicular edge computing (PVEC) framework, in which the PVs are classified based on their residual battery power. PVs corporate with the cloud servers (CSs) for the computational resources provision. In addition, we formulate the utilities of the service provider (SP) and PVs and design a contract-based resource allocation problem for the maximization of the SP’s utility. Considering that it is intractable to solve the optimization problem directly, the primal problem is simplified and decoupled into two sub-problems. To design the optimal contracts, we solve the sub-problems by Lagrangian multiplier method and dual function. Simulation results prove that the utilities of PVs can reach to the maximum when they choose the contract corresponding to their types. In addition, the simulation results illustrate the superiority of proposed scheme over previous schemes in improving the utilities of the SP and social welfare.  相似文献   
6.
利用微环谐振腔阵列进行光码分多址编解码过程中,微环谐振腔反射谱的自由频谱宽度(FSR)范围制约该系统用户容量的提升.本文提出了一种新型的基于游标效应的串联哑铃型微环谐振腔光编解码器.利用Matlab建立了半径分别为40μm-30μm-40μm的哑铃型微环谐振腔光编解码器模型.详细分析了光反射谱伪模抑制与耦合系数的关系,研究了耦合系数、码片速率对串联哑铃型微环谐振腔光编解码器性能的影响.结果表明,与半径分别为40μm-40μm-40μm的传统串联微环谐振腔编解码器相比,哑铃型微腔编解码器FSR值扩大了4倍.理想情况下,用户容量可呈指数增长.同时,互相关峰值比(P/W)与自相关峰值旁瓣比(P/C)分别提高了约33%和8%.  相似文献   
7.
The ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was conducted using the stainless steel (SS) and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) columns and analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to understand the mechanism of ultrasound-assisted chromatography (UAC). Empty SS and PEEK columns were used to extract dyes from a fabric under identical conditions with several parameters including the initial ultrasonic bath temperatures (30 °C and 40 °C), ultrasound power intensities (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 %), ultrasound operation modes (normal and sweep), and ultrasound frequencies (25 kHz, 40 kHz, and 132 kHz) to compare their extraction capabilities. After 30 min of extraction, the amount of extract was determined by HPLC. The PEEK material was significantly affected by ultrasonic radiation compared to the SS material, especially at a higher temperature (40 °C), power intensity (100 %), and frequency (132 kHz) with sweep mode. At a maximum power density of 45 W/L, the extraction effectiveness ratio of PEEK to SS was in the range of 1.8 - 3.9 depending on the specific frequency, initial temperature, and with or without temperature control. The most optimal ultrasound frequencies, in terms of enhancing extraction effectiveness, are in the order of 132 kHz, 40 kHz, and 25 kHz. Unlike the SS material, the PEEK material was more affected by temperature and acoustic effects under identical conditions, especially at 132 kHz ultrasound frequency. In contrast, at lower frequencies of 40 kHz and 25 kHz, no significant differences in the acoustic effects were observed between the PEEK and SS materials. The findings of this study contribute to elucidating the roles of column materials in UAE and UAC.  相似文献   
8.
Dibenzyl trisulfide (DTS) is a natural compound with potential cancer-preventive properties occurring in Petiveria alliacea L., an ethnomedicinal plant native to the Americas. Previous studies revealed its inhibitory activity toward cytochrome P450 (CYP)1 enzymes, key in the activation of environmental pollutants. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to design novel DTS analogues, aimed at improving not only inhibitory activity, but also specificity toward CYP1A1. This was achieved by targeting interactions with CYP1A1 residues of identified importance. Three-dimensional structures for the novel analogues were subjected to molecular docking with several CYP isoforms, before being ranked in terms of binding affinity to CYP1A1. With three hydrogen bond donors, two hydrogen bond acceptors, a molecular mass of 361 Da, and a log P of 3.72, the most promising DTS analogue obeys Lipinski's rule of five. Following synthesis and in vitro validation of its CYP1A1-inhibitory properties, this compound may be useful in future cancer-preventive approaches.  相似文献   
9.
Yinlu Gao 《中国物理 B》2022,31(11):117304-117304
The GaN-based heterostructures are widely used in optoelectronic devices, but the complex surface reconstructions and lattice mismatch greatly limit the applications. The stacking of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD = MoS2, MoSSe and MoSe2) monolayers on reconstructed GaN surface not only effectively overcomes the larger mismatch, but also brings about novel electronic and optical properties. By adopting the reconstructed GaN (0001) surface with adatoms (N-ter GaN and Ga-ter GaN), the influences of complicated surface conditions on the electronic properties of heterostructures have been investigated. The passivated N-ter and Ga-ter GaN surfaces push the mid-gap states to the valence bands, giving rise to small bandgaps in heterostructures. The charge transfer between Ga-ter GaN surface and TMD monolayers occurs much easier than that across the TMD/N-ter GaN interfaces, which induces stronger interfacial interaction and larger valence band offset (VBO). The band alignment can be switched between type-I and type-II by assembling different TMD monolayers, that is, MoS2/N-ter GaN and MoS2/Ga-ter GaN are type-II, and the others are type-I. The absorption of visible light is enhanced in all considered TMD/reconstructed GaN heterostructures. Additionally, MoSe2/Ga-ter GaN and MoSSe/N-ter GaN have larger conductor band offset (CBO) of 1.32 eV and 1.29 eV, respectively, extending the range from deep ultraviolet to infrared regime. Our results revel that the TMD/reconstructed GaN heterostructures may be used for high-performance broadband photoelectronic devices.  相似文献   
10.
现场水体光谱观测是水体光学性质、水色遥感反演建模等研究不可或缺的基础性工作之一。常规的倾斜观测方法受其较为严格的观测几何条件限制, 需要依据船体位置、太阳方位等不断调整观测角度,特别是针对河道水体光谱观测时,还须考虑河道走向、岸线遮蔽物等情况,因此,只能设置若干站点进行离散样点的观测,难以在岸线环境较为复杂的河道水体开展连续走航快速观测。而现场水体光谱连续走航快速观测能够获取不同地方时的大样本水体反射光谱,丰富对水体二向反射特征的认识,并建立更精确的反演模型,在水色遥感研究中具有极其重要的作用。鉴于此,设计了一种基于垂直观测几何方式的内陆河道表层水体反射光谱连续走航快速观测方法,并通过时空匹配技术获取整个河道的全波长遥感反射率数据。在杭州西小江部分河段的试验表明,该方法获取的遥感反射率与同步实测的叶绿素浓度、浊度等水色组分的相关性较强,选取的特征波段获得的确定系数R2均大于0.855。Sentinel-2的观测天顶角接近于0,近乎于垂直观测。该研究使用Sentinel-2B的光谱响应函数对实测光谱进行等效光谱模拟,转换为相应波段的等效遥感反射率,反演结果与基于Sen2Cor的大气校正后的遥感反射率数据进行建模,分析结果表明,基于Sen2Cor的大气校正后的遥感反射率数据存在高估现象,同时又用Sentinel-2B的大气表观反射率反推辐射亮度,然后用FLAASH大气校正获取Sentinel-2B的遥感反射率数据,经与实测等效遥感反射率建模分析发现,基于FLAASH的大气校正后的遥感反射率数据在小于0.02 sr-1时也存在高估现象,在大于0.02 sr-1时则存在明显低估现象。研究表明,用该方法所获取的大样本实测遥感反射率数据具有对卫星反射率产品进行真实性验证的应用潜力。  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号