Influence of friction and asymmetric freeplay on the limit cycle oscillation in aeroelastic system: An extended Hénon’s technique to temporal integration

Nonlinear effects such as friction and freeplay on the control surfaces can affect aeroelastic dynamics during flight. In particular, these nonlinearities can induce limit cycle oscillations (LCO), changing the system stability, and because of this it is essential to employ computational methods to predict this type of motion during the aircraft development cycle. In this context, the present article presents a matrix notation for describing the Hénon’s method used to reduce errors when considering piecewise linear nonlinearities in the numerical integration process. In addition, a new coordinate system is used to write the aeroelastic system of equations. The proposal defines a displacement vector with generalized and physical variables to simplify the computational implementation of the Hénon’s technique. Additionally, the article discusses the influence of asymmetric freeplay and friction on the LCO of an airfoil with control surface. The results show that the extended Hénon’s technique provides more accurate LCO predictions, that friction can change the frequency and amplitude of these motions, and the asymmetry of freeplay is important to determine the LCO behavior.     

纳米SnO2高效催化烯烃与H2O2环氧化反应研究

构建了用于催化烯烃与过氧化氢环氧化反应的高效、 绿色催化反应体系. 首先, 通过水热合成法制备了纳米SnO₂, 并在320 ℃下煅烧. 随后, 对所有催化剂进行X射线衍射(XRD)、 紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)表征. 进一步将催化剂用于以H₂O₂水溶液为氧化剂环氧化各种官能化烯烃(包括环烯烃, 苯乙烯和直链烯烃)的反应, 以高转化率和高选择性得到了环氧化物. 在相似的反应条件下, 发现合成的纳米SnO₂-170催化剂在催化1-甲基环己烯与H₂O₂的环氧化反应中的活性最佳, 在2 h内1-甲基环己烯的转化率达到100%, 环氧化物选择性达到100%.     

Promising new catalytic properties of a Co (II)-carboxamide complex and its derived Co3O4 nanoparticles for the Mizoroki-Heck and the Epoxidation reactions

The new Co(II) - carboxamide complex ( 1 ) and Co₃O₄ nanoparticles ( 2 ), by way of thermal decomposition of ( 1 ) have been efficiently synthesised in the environment-friendly. X-ray diffraction reveals a slightly distorted octahedral coordination of cobalt (four nitrogens and two oxygens) in ( 1 ) and regular octahedral or tetrahedral ones (oxygens only) in ( 2 ). The investigation of ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) in the Mizoroki-Heck and epoxidation of alkens reactions showed them both to be powerful, green and inexpensive catalysts.     

Synthesis and characterization of molybdenum (VI) complex immobilized on polymeric Schiff base-coated magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient and retrievable nanocatalyst in olefin epoxidation reactions

In this study, a new polymeric functionalized magnetic nanocatalyst containing a molybdenum Schiff base complex was prepared using a few consecutive steps. Poly (methylacrylate)-coated magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized via radical polymerization of methyl acrylate onto modified magnetic nanoparticles followed by the amidation of the methyl ester groups with hydrazine. Polymeric functionalization efficiently provides the advantage that more catalytic units can be grafted on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles. The functionalization process was continued with salicylaldehyde which introduced Schiff base groups on to the surface of the polymeric support. In the final step, the desired catalytic system was prepared via complexation of the Schiff base groups with MoO₂(acac)₂. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, elemental analysis, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, vibrating sample magnetometry and thermogravimetric analysis. This heterogenized catalytic system was also found to be highly active, sustainable and recyclable nanocatalyst in alkene epoxidation. Eventually, the attractive features of the synthesized catalyst such as simple work-up, good stability, magnetic separation, high TOF and high surface area; make it appropriate for oxidation reactions.     

Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Flavan-3-Ols

Flavan-3-ols are a series of natural products widely present in plants and show versatile biological activities. The structures of such compounds are characterized by owing two adjacent chiral centers and three rings. Their interesting structures and promising biological activities have driven increasing research developments toward the preparation of enantioenriched flavan-3-ols. This review summarizes the recent approaches for the asymmetric synthesis of chiral flavan-3-ols from two strategies in the construction of chiral centers. The key steps in the synthetic protocol involve Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, Shi asymmetric epoxidation and Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation.     

Studies towards the stereoselective total synthesis of Gliomasolide A

The first synthetic approach towards the Gliomasolide A is described in 15 linear steps with 4% overall yield. The key steps in this approach are RCM protocol for the construction of 14-member macrolide, a Sharpless kinetic resolution, Keck and Brown’s allylations for the installation of desired stereocenters.     

Optical resolution via catalytic generation of chiral auxiliary

A new catalytic method for separating enantiomers of racemic compounds is proposed. Catalytic asymmetric addition of racemic trans-2-substituted cyclohexanols to imines provided diastereomeric mixtures of aminals, and the subsequent separation of the enantiomers by silica-gel column chromatography and the hydrolysis of the aminals produced the alcohols in an optically active form.     

Rhodium-catalyzed intramolecular hydroacylation of 1,2-disubstituted alkenes for the synthesis of 2-substituted indanones

The intramolecular hydroacylation of 1,2-disubstituted alkenes was considered to be a challenging task due to the side reactions resulted from the lack of additional substituent at 1-position and the low activity caused by the steric hindrance of substituent at 2-position, and an asymmetric version has not been considered possible due to problems associated with the racemization of the products. We have partially solved these problems. Catalyzed by an activated diphosphine-Rh complex and reacted in a selected dihalogenated solvent, the intramolecular hydroacylation of o-(2-arylvinyl)benzaldehydes provided the corresponding 2-aryl-1-indanones in high yields, and its asymmetric variant using o-(2-alkylvinyl)benzaldehydes afforded chiral 2-alkyl-1-indanones in high yields and with moderate enantioselectivities.     

Asymmetric aza-Henry reaction of fluoromethylated imines catalyzed by cinchona-derived bifunctional thiourea

The asymmetric aza-Henry reaction of fluoromethyl imines derived from 4-methoxyaniline with nitromethane was achieved under mild conditions using cinchona-derived bifunctional thiourea as catalyst. A series of chiral fluoromethylated β-nitroamines were synthesized and their transformation to optically pure 4-fluoromethyl-2-imidazolidones was illustrated.