手机虹膜识别镜头设计

随着近年来图像传感器的快速商用化以及生物识别算法的发展，虹膜识别功能得以应用于移动终端设备。获取虹膜图像是虹膜识别的关键一步，运用ZEMAX光学设计软件设计了一款适用于手机的虹膜识别镜头。该镜头采用豪威科技公司OmniVision_OV2281传感器，采用三片式非球面光学塑料设计，F数为2.3，全视场角为34°，在1/2奈奎斯特频率220 lp/mm处MTF值均大于0.39，且系统总长仅3 mm。根据ZEMAX像质评价方法以及公差分析结果可知，该镜头各项光学指标优良，具有像质好、体积小，质量轻、价格低、容易加工等特点。     

60Co-γ辐照对食品接触用复合包装袋中挥发性化合物的影响

针对辐照杀菌会使塑料包装产生未知辐解产物的问题,该文采用顶空气相色谱－质谱法（HS/GC－MS）结合MS－DIAL软件对60Co-γ辐照（0 ~ 10 kGy）后的19种商用塑料复合包装袋中的挥发性有机物（VOCs）进行检测。以MS－DIAL软件对谱图的解卷积、峰对齐及物质定性结果,以正交偏最小二乘法判别分析（OPLS－DA）模型对辐照前后材料的VOCs组成进行分析,考察不同辐照剂量下复合包装材料中VOCs组成的变化。结果显示,复合包装中的VOCs以聚合物降解产物烷烃和烯烃为主,60Co-γ辐照前后复合包装中的VOCs组成具有显著差异,且包装产生的VOCs总量随辐照剂量的增加而递增。通过OPLS－DA模型投影变量重要度（VIP）值筛选出17种对差异贡献较大的物质,这些差异物质大多为材料的降解产物,总体呈现检出量随辐照剂量增加而递增的趋势。该研究结果为辐照包装中挥发性非有意添加物质数据库的建立提供了依据。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱法同时测定食品接触用塑料中50种添加剂的迁移量

为评估食品接触用塑料中添加剂的迁移风险,采用超高效液相色谱－四极杆飞行时间质谱（UPLC－QTOF MS）建立了同时测定食品接触用塑料中50种添加剂迁移量的方法。以甲醇和0.01%（体积分数）甲酸－5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液为流动相进行洗脱,采用目标离子采集（Target MS/MS）模式对目标物的一级离子与二级离子进行监测。结果表明,各物质在0.02～5 mg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,方法检出限为0.01～0.1 mg/kg,加标回收率为92.6%～104%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.60%～8.4%。在20款实际样品中有12个样品检出塑料添加剂,其中2个样品检出壬基酚,迁移量为0.033～0.071 mg/kg;6个样品检出抗氧化剂1076和抗氧化剂168,迁移量为0.12～3.3 mg/kg;4个样品检出光引发剂369、光引发剂ITX和光引发剂TPO,迁移量为0.054～4.0 mg/kg。该方法简单、灵敏、准确,适用于食品接触用塑料中50种添加剂迁移量的检测。     

四种无机纳米颗粒对塑料抗紫外性能的研究进展

无机纳米颗粒在塑料抗紫外的研究中一直备受关注,主要介绍了四种(TiO₂、ZnO、SiO₂、CeO₂)典型的无机纳米颗粒在该领域的应用。首先归纳了其既能吸收又能反射或散射紫外线的抗紫外机理;其次,分别论述了不同无机纳米颗粒适用的紫外光波长范围,以在塑料中的添加方法和应用特点为主线,重点介绍了国内外四种无机纳米颗粒在塑料抗紫外性能中的研究现状和进展;最后,将四种无机纳米颗粒在塑料抗紫外性能中的应用特点进行了对比,提出了应用过程中存在的分散和相容性差等问题,以期为无机纳米颗粒的深入应用和发展提供一定的参考。     

基于显微光谱法的双壳类海洋生物中微塑料的检测方法研究

建立准确、高效的微塑料分析方法是研究微塑料在环境中的迁移、转化、归趋和生态毒理效应的前提。该研究系统优化了4种消解条件和滤膜种类,建立了用显微红外和拉曼光谱检测海产品中微塑料的方法,确定使用氢氧化钾在40 ℃下消解36 h,并用混合纤维素滤膜过滤的前处理方法。结果显示,大颗粒微塑料可使用显微红外全反射（ATR）、成像模式和显微拉曼单点检测模式进行检测,小颗粒微塑料可使用显微拉曼单点检测模式或显微拉曼和显微红外的成像模式进行检测。该文通过分析典型双壳类海洋生物中的微塑料,系统研究了检测微塑料的光谱方法。     

高效液相色谱法测定塑料食品包装材料中8种苯并三唑类紫外吸收剂EI北大核心CSCD

建立了同时测定塑料食品包装材料中8种苯并三唑类紫外吸收剂(UV-P、UV-234、UV-320、UV-326、UV-327、UV-328、UV-329和UV-360)的高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测法。样品经5 m L乙酸乙酯+二氯甲烷(V/V=4:1)在20℃超声提取10 min后,以甲醇、乙腈和水为流动相梯度洗脱,经Eclipse XDB-C_(18)柱分离,在340 nm处检测。UV-P和UV-360以及其他6种紫外线吸收剂分别在0.02~10,0.2~10和0.1~10 mg/L的质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系。8种紫外吸收剂的线性相关系数均大于0.9999;仪器的检出限(S/N=3)为0.0074~0.1250mg/L。3种不同添加水平下的样品加标平均回收率为93.7%~114.3%,相对标准偏差均不高于5.0%(n=6)。     

Experimental and FEM study of windshield subjected to high speed bird impact

Both experimental and finite element model (FEM) results are presented for the dynamic strength behavior of windshield subjected to bird impact. The experimental data taken from a series of high speed photographs are compared with the numerical results predicted by using FEM in which the windshield was modeled entirely with solid elements and the bird body was approximately simulated by an elastic-plastic material with failure element behavior. Effective plastic strain and element pressure were adopted as the failure criteria and once the pressure or the effective plastic strain of an element reached the critical value, the element would lose the tensile resistance capability completely. The deflection and stress distribution in the windshield were obtained. It is shown that the result from the finite element analysis agrees with those from the full-scale bird impact test. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10272011)     

一种以2~#炸药为主要成份的塑料粘结炸药

2~#炸药[重(,,-三硝基乙基-N硝基)乙二胺]是一个零氧平衡的高能炸药。在2~#炸药中混入少量HMX,以氟橡胶粘结,以TATB、石墨和石腊组成的复合钝感剂来钝感,得到了撞击感度和摩擦感度较低的B-01炸药配方。配方组成为2~#炸药/HMX/TATB/氟橡胶/聚苯乙稀/石墨/石腊=70/22/4/2/0.5/0.5/1。 该配方的特点是冲击波感度很高,很容易用2mm直径的柔爆索起爆。其撞击感度与TNT相当(4％),摩擦感度低于14％,爆轰能量相当于PBX-9404,而且容易在低比压下制成不同形状,因此它适用于某些特殊用途的装药。     

STRUCTURAL DAMAGE MODEL OF UNSATURATED EXPANSIVE SOIL AND ITS APPLICATION IN MULTI-FIELD COUPLE ANALYSIS ON EXPANSIVE SOIL SLOPE

Focused on the sensitivity to climate change and the special mechanical characteristics of undisturbed expansive soil, an elastc-plastic damage constitutive model was proposed based on the mechanics of unsaturated soil and the mechanics of damage. Undisturbed expansive soil was considered as a compound of non-damaged part and damaged part. The behavior of the non-damaged part was described using non-linear constitutive model of unsaturated soil. The property of the damaged part was described using a damage evolution equation and two yield surfaces, i.e., loading yield (LY) and shear yield (SY). Furthermore, a consolidation model for unsaturated undisturbed expansive soil was established and a FEM program named UESEPDC was designed. Numerical analysis on solid-liquid-gas tri-phases and multi-field couple problem was conducted for four stages and fields of stress, displacement, pore water pressure, pore air pressure, water content, suction, and the damage region as well as plastic region in an expansive soil slope were obtained.