SnSxSe2-x单晶纳米片的可控制备与表征

锡二硫族化合物可以通过改变硫和硒的含量来连续调控三元合金材料的带隙、载流子浓度等物理化学性质,在电子和光电子器件应用上具有巨大的潜力。本文采用化学气相沉积(CVD)技术可控地制备了不同元素组分的SnS_xSe_2-x(x=0,0.2,0.5,0.8,1.0,1.2,1.5,1.8,2.0)单晶纳米片。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、能量色散X射线光谱(EDS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)以及拉曼光谱等手段对SnS_xSe_2-x纳米片进行了综合表征。结果表明本方法成功实现了元素百分比可调的SnS_xSe_2-x单晶纳米片的可控制备。重点研究了依赖于元素百分比的SnS_xSe_2-x的拉曼特征谱,实验结果与基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理计算得到的SnS_xSe_2-x的拉曼仿真谱高度吻合,理论计算结果较好地诠释了实验拉曼光谱发生变化的原因。本研究提供了一种元素百分比可调的三元SnS_xSe_2-x单晶纳米片的可控制备方法,同时对锡二硫族化合物的明确、无损识别提供了方案。     

单层MXene纳米片Ti2N电磁特性的过渡金属(Sc、V、Zr)掺杂效应

二维材料MXene纳米片由于具有较大的比表面积和较高的电子迁移率而受到广泛的关注。本文采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算,对单层MXene纳米片Ti₂N电磁特性的过渡金属(Sc、V、Zr)掺杂效应进行了系统研究。结果表明,所有过渡金属掺杂体系结合能均为负值,结构均稳定;其中Ti₂N-Sc体系的形成能为-2.242 eV,结构更易形成,且保持稳定;掺杂后Ti₂N-Sc、Ti₂N-Zr体系磁矩增大;此外,Ti₂N-Sc体系中保留了较高的自旋极化率,达到84.9%,可预测该体系在自旋电子学中具有潜在的应用价值。     

CeO2基磨粒在化学机械抛光中的研究进展

CeO₂由于其适当的机械性能及高的化学活性，更重要的是其对Si₃N₄/SiO₂的高选择性去除，使其被广泛应用于浅槽隔离化学机械抛光工艺中。本文论述了CeO₂基抛光液的抛光机制的研究进展，从CeO₂磨料的形貌尺寸、晶体结构、力学性能方面分析了磨料性质对抛光性能的影响，并进一步讨论了CeO₂基研磨颗粒及相关辅助抛光技术在CMP应用上的研究进展。以此为CeO₂基磨料的可控制备及新型抛光技术的发展提供借鉴，并希望能够促进CeO₂基研磨颗粒在抛光工艺中作用机制的揭示，使CeO₂抛光液更广泛地应用于材料的平坦化处理中。     

高亲和力抗eGFP纳米抗体的筛选与应用

将增强型绿色荧光蛋白（Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein, eGFP）免疫羊驼后构建纳米抗体免疫库,固相淘选eGFP纳米抗体;构建E.coli Rosetta表达载体,诱导表达纳米抗体,并鉴定其结合活性及特异性;辣根过氧化物酶（Horseradish peroxidase, HRP）标纳米抗体,确定其工作浓度及稳定性;将纳米抗体与纳米磁珠偶联应用于免疫沉淀B13-EGFP融合蛋白。四免后抗血清滴度超过1.28×106,获得库容量为1.85×108 cfu的抗eGFP纳米抗体噬菌体展示文库;原核表达10种独特基因序列的纳米抗体,均为可溶性表达;采用ForteBio Octet确定出纳米抗体4-28与eGFP的亲和常数（KD）最高,达到9.67×10-11M;纳米抗体4-28与eGFP、绿色荧光蛋白（Green Fluorescent Protein, GFP）特异性结合;HRP标记纳米抗体4-28检测范围是1:10 000～1:25 000(浓度100～40 ng·mL-1),比市场上现有的检测二抗（稀释范围1:5 000～1:20 000）灵敏度更高;纳米抗体4-28偶联羧基化纳米磁珠,免疫沉淀B13-eGFP融合蛋白,实现了简单快速分离目的蛋白B13-eGFP。     

中空介孔SiO2纳米球的制备、改性及其对Al3+荧光识别研究

中空介孔SiO2由于中空多孔的结构而常用作功能材料的基底.将中空介孔SiO2进行官能团修饰,并应用为荧光传感材料是中空介孔SiO2一个重要的研究领域.本论文采用聚丙烯酸(PAA)为中空模板,聚醚F127为造孔剂,正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,氨水为催化剂在乙醇体系中制备了中空介孔SiO2纳米球.系统研究了搅拌速度和聚醚F127引入量对中空介孔SiO2纳米球形貌及比表面积的影响.通过透射电镜、N2-等温吸附脱附曲线等表征说明该合成方法具有很好的普适性,通过调节F127的引入可以实现对比表面积的有效控制.通过氨基化、席夫碱反应进行荧光修饰,进一步研究表明荧光修饰后的中空介孔SiO2纳米球在水溶液中能够实现对Al3+的有效检测,检测限为1.19×10 -7M.     

基于NiCo2O4纳米片电极的非对称混合电容器

The looming global energy crisis and ever-increasing energy demands have catalyzed the development of renewable energy storage systems. In this regard, supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted widespread attention because of their advantageous attributes such as high power density, excellent cycle stability, and environmental friendliness. However, SCs exhibit low energy density and it is important to optimize electrode materials to improve the overall performance of these devices. Among the various electrode materials available, spinel nickel cobaltate (NiCo₂O₄) is particularly interesting because of its excellent theoretical capacitance. Based on the understanding that the performances of the electrode materials strongly depend on their morphologies and structures, in this study, we successfully synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets on Ni foam via a simple hydrothermal route followed by calcination. The structures and morphologies of the as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and the results showed that they were uniformly distributed on the Ni foam support. The surface chemical states of the elements in the samples were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ products were then tested as cathode materials for supercapacitors in a traditional three-electrode system. The electrochemical performances of the NiCo₂O₄ electrode materials were studied and the area capacitance was found to be 1.26 C·cm^-2 at a current density of 1 mA·cm^-2. Furthermore, outstanding cycling stability with 97.6% retention of the initial discharge capacitance after 10000 cycles and excellent rate performance (67.5% capacitance retention with the current density from 1 to 14 mA·cm^-2) were achieved. It was found that the Ni foam supporting the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets increased the conductivity of the electrode materials. However, it is worth noting that the contribution of nickel foam to the areal capacitance of the electrode materials was almost zero during the charge and discharge processes. To further investigate the practical application of the as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets-based electrode, a device was assembled with the as-prepared samples as the positive electrode and active carbon (AC) as the negative electrode. The assembled supercapacitor showed energy densities of 0.14 and 0.09 Wh·cm^-3 at 1.56 and 4.5 W·cm^-3, respectively. Furthermore, it was able to maintain 95% of its initial specific capacitance after 10000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets could be ascribed to their unique spatial structure composed of interconnected ultrathin nanosheets, which facilitated electron transportation and ion penetration, suggesting their potential applications as electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors. The present synthetic route can be extended to other ternary transition metal oxides/sulfides for future energy storage devices and systems.     

菱形颗粒冲蚀磨损特性试验及仿真研究

本文中针对单个硬质角形颗粒冲击金属材料表面的过程,设计了弹射试验装置,研究菱形颗粒冲击行为及冲蚀机理.采用高速摄像机,捕捉不同冲击速度v_i、冲击角度α_i和方位角度θ_i下颗粒的运动轨迹.建立了基于拉格朗日法的FEM-SPH耦合数值计算模型,借助于模型进一步分析了角形颗粒的运动学行为和变形凹坑形态.结果表明:冲击角α和方位角θ是决定颗粒旋转的关键因素,在某一固定冲击角αi下存在一个临界方位角θcr_i,当θiθ_(cri)时颗粒冲击后发生前旋旋转,当θ_iθ_(cri)时颗粒冲击后发生后旋旋转;冲击诱导的颗粒旋转对冲蚀机理的影响较大,颗粒前旋旋转对金属材料产生"耕犁"作用,后旋旋转对金属材料产生"撬起剔除"作用.颗粒的动能损失受到冲击角α_i和方位角θ_i的影响较大,临界方位角θ_(cri)下颗粒的动能损失最大,凹坑变形最严重.