不同退火条件对PEALD制备的Ga2O3薄膜特性的影响

利用等离子增强原子层沉积技术(PEALD)在c面蓝宝石衬底上制备了氧化镓(Ga₂O₃)薄膜,研究了退火气氛(v(N₂)∶v(O₂)=1∶1(体积比)、空气和N₂)及退火时间对Ga₂O₃薄膜晶体结构、表面形貌和光学性质的影响。研究结果表明,退火前的氧化镓处于亚稳态,不同退火气氛下退火后晶体结构发生明显改变,而且退火气氛中N₂比例增加有利于Ga₂O₃重结晶。在N₂气氛下退火达到30 min,薄膜结构已由亚稳态转变成择优取向的β-Ga₂O₃。而且表面形貌分析表明,退火30 min后表面形貌开始趋于稳定,表面晶粒密度不再增加。另外实验样品在 400~800 nm的平均透射率几乎是100%,且光吸收边陡峭。采用N₂气氛退火,对于富氧环境下沉积的Ga₂O₃更利于薄膜表面原子迁移,以及择优取向Ga₂O₃重结晶。     

多孔氮化硼掺杂聚吡咯-2,3,3-三甲基吲哚固相微萃取涂层的制备及多环芳烃的检测

多环芳烃(PAHs)是持久性有机污染物中的一种，大部分具有较强的致癌、致畸和致突变性，对生态环境和人类健康易造成严重威胁。由于环境样品基质复杂且其中PAHs含量低，因此在仪器分析之前需要对环境样品进行必要的前处理。萃取材料的特性是决定大部分前处理技术萃取效率的关键。基于此，本文以低成本且富含较多官能团的吡咯(py)、2,3,3-三甲基吲哚(2,3,3-TMe@In)为单体，多孔氮化硼为掺杂物，采用电化学循环伏安法制备出多孔氮化硼掺杂聚吡咯-2,3,3-三甲基吲哚(Ppy/P2,3,3-TMe@In/BN)复合涂层，通过扫描电子显微镜、热稳定性分析、傅里叶红外光谱等手段对Ppy/P2,3,3-TMe@In/BN进行表征，结果表明：该涂层呈现出多孔、多褶皱的枝状结构，该结构有利于增加涂层的比表面积，从而实现对PAHs的大量富集；在320℃解吸温度下，涂层材料的色谱基线基本稳定，表明该涂层具有良好的热稳定性。将其修饰在不锈钢丝表面制成固相微萃取涂层，结合气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测器，对影响萃取和分离萘(NAP)、苊(ANY)、芴(FLU)3种PAHs的条件进行优化，建立了用于以上3种PAHs...     

配合参数对单晶炉驱动系统的影响分析

光伏产业的发展使得对硅材料的需求日益增加,同时硅单晶生产行业竞争也日趋激烈。作为生产硅单晶的重要装备,单晶炉的稳定性和可靠性关系到硅单晶生产效率的提升和成本的下降,因此其驱动系统的设计和优化成为装备制造的关键环节。本文以NVT-HG2000-V1型硅单晶生长炉的驱动系统为研究对象,用SolidWorks三维建模实现虚拟装配,采用ADAMS建立其动力学仿真模型,并对驱动系统的运动过程进行仿真模拟。采用控制变量法定量分析了铜套与升降轴的配合间隙及丝杠参数对驱动力和驱动力矩的影响规律,进而在提高硅单晶生长炉装备稳定性和可靠性方面给出合理的技术建议。结果表明,铜套与升降轴的配合间隙达到0.071 mm后能有效降低驱动系统运行所需驱动力矩,丝杠倾斜度、螺纹螺距与螺纹间摩擦系数的增大均会导致驱动系统运行所需力矩大幅增加。     

石墨烯负载的氧配位钴单原子稳定金属锂负极

Lithium (Li)-based batteries are the dominant energy source for consumer electronics, grid storage, and electrified transportation. However, the development of batteries based on graphite anodes is hindered by their limited energy density. With its ultrahigh theoretical capacity (3860 mAh∙g⁻¹), low redox potential (−3.04 V), and satisfactorily low density (0.54 g∙cm⁻³), Li metal is the most promising anode for next-generation high-energy-density batteries. Unfortunately, the limited cycling life and safety issues raised by dendrite growth, unstable solid electrolyte interphase, and "dead Li" have inhibited their practical use. An effective strategy is to develop a suitable lithiophilic matrix for regulating initial Li nucleation behavior and controlling subsequent Li growth. Herein, single-atom cobalt coordinated to oxygen sites on graphene (Co-O-G SA) is demonstrated as a Li plating substrate to efficiently regulate Li metal nucleation and growth. Owing to its dense and more uniform lithiophilic sites than single-atom cobalt coordinated to nitrogen sites on graphene (Co-N-G SA), high electronic conductivity, and high specific surface area (519 m²∙g⁻¹), Co-O-G SA could significantly reduce the local current density and promote the reversibility of Li plating and stripping. As a result, the Co-O-G SA based Li anodes exhibited a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.9% at a current density of 1 mA∙cm⁻² with a capacity of 1 mAh∙cm⁻², and excellent rate capability (high current density of 8 mA∙cm⁻²). Even at a high plating capacity of 6 mAh∙cm⁻², the Co-O-G SA electrode could stably cycle for an ultralong lifespan of 1300 h. In the symmetric battery, the Co-O-G SA based Li anode (Co-O-G SA/Li) possessed a stable voltage profile of 18 mV for 780 h at 1 mA∙cm⁻², and even at a high current density of 3 mA∙cm⁻², its overpotential maintained a small hysteresis of approximately 24 mV for > 550 h. Density functional theory calculations showed that the surface of Co-O-G SA had a stronger interaction with Li atoms with a larger binding energy, −3.1 eV, than that of Co-N-G SA (−2.5 eV), leading to a uniform distribution of metallic Li on the Co-O-G SA surface. More importantly, when matched with a sulfur cathode, the resulting Co-O-G SA/lithium sulfur full batteries exhibited a high capacity of 1002 mAh∙g⁻¹, improved kinetics with a small polarization of 191 mV, and an ultralow capacity decay rate of 0.036% per cycle for 1000 cycles at 0.5C (1C = 1675 mA∙g⁻¹) with a steady Coulombic efficiency of nearly 100%. Therefore, this work provides novel insights into the coordination environment of single atoms for the chemistry of Li metal anodes for high-energy-density batteries.     

不同波长条件KDP晶体的非线性光学性质研究

采用Z扫描方法系统的研究了KDP晶体在不同激光波长条件下的非线性光学性质.当λ=355 nm,功率密度为57.92 GW/cm2和λ=532 nm,功率密度为105.94 GW/cm2时,KDP晶体均呈现强烈的反饱和吸收和自聚焦效应,其非线性吸收系数和非线性折射率分别为6.50×10 -2cm/GW,1.17×10 -2cm/GW和8.02×10 -7cm2/GW,6. 14×10 -7cm2/GW;而在1064 nm波长,功率密度为347.95 GW/cm2时KDP晶体并未表现出明显的非线性性质.结果表明,在短波长的激光作用下,KDP晶体更容易产生非线性效应,双光子吸收是KDP晶体非线性吸收的主要机制.     

原子分子在Pt(100)表面吸附的第一性原理研究

本文系统研究了H、N、O、C、S等原子，N2、NH3、NO、CO等分子和CH3、CH、CH2和OH等自由基在Pt(100)表面的吸附. 从能量上来看，吸附能力从小到大的顺序是N2相似文献   

催化热解-冷原子吸收分光光度法测定大米中的汞含量

建立冷原子吸收分光光度法测定大米中汞含量的方法。采用DMA–80直接测汞仪,大米样品经干燥、分解灰化、还原等过程,直接进入冷原子吸收光谱仪进行测量。干燥温度为200℃,热解温度为650℃。该方法的检出限为0.001 ng/g,加标回收率为85.0%～99.2%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.25%～3.70%(n=6)。利用标准物质和原子荧光法进行比对试验,测定结果均在误差范围内。该方法测定结果准确,灵敏度高,重现性好,适用于大米中汞含量的测定。     

石墨负极表面聚合物功能保护膜对 锂离子电池存储寿命的提升

采用溶液浸渍法制备了聚乙烯醇(PVA)均匀包覆的石墨并研究了其微观形貌及电化学性能. 以LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Al_0.05O₂(NCA)为正极材料、 PVA包覆石墨为负极材料组装成软包电池和钢壳电池, 研究了PVA功能保护膜对全电池的电化学性能和存储寿命的影响. 结果表明, 存储过程中PVA功能保护膜可以有效抑制电解液和石墨内嵌锂反应的发生, 延长电池的存储寿命.