湿法消解-原子荧光法测定全血中硒

以全血样品为原料,探讨湿法消解-原子荧光法测定全血中的硒含量。血样经硝酸-高氯酸消解后,用硼氢化钠将硒还原成硒化氢,由氩气载入原子化器,产生的原子荧光强度与试液中硒元素含量在一定范围内呈正比,外标法定量。以消解效率为指标,优化样品的消解条件,测定血中硒在0-10μg/L范围内线性情况良好,相关系数为0.9992,最低检出限为0.143μg/L,相对标准偏差为1.51%-1.58%,平均加标回收率为90.86%-104.62%。血中硒的原子荧光测定法灵敏度高,精密度和稳定性好,可应用于血中硒的生物监测。     

以磷化铁为添加剂沿(111)面生长磷掺杂金刚石大单晶

掺杂是调控金刚石性能的一种重要手段。本文采用温度梯度法,在5.6 GPa、1 312 ℃的条件下,选用Fe₃P作为磷源进行磷掺杂金刚石大单晶的合成。金刚石样品的显微光学照片表明,随着Fe₃P添加比例的增加,金刚石晶体的颜色逐渐变深,包裹体数量逐渐增加,晶形由板状转变为塔状直至骸晶。金刚石晶形的变化表明Fe₃P的添加使生长金刚石的V形区向右偏移,这是Fe₃P改变触媒特性的缘故。红外光谱分析表明,Fe₃P的添加使金刚石晶体中氮含量上升,这说明磷的进入诱使氮原子更容易进入金刚石晶格中。激光拉曼光谱测试表明,随着Fe₃P添加比例的增加,所合成的掺磷金刚石的拉曼峰位变化不大,其半峰全宽(FWHM)值变大,这说明磷的进入使得金刚石晶格畸变增加。XPS测试结果显示,随着Fe₃P添加比例的增加,金刚石晶体中磷相对碳的原子百分含量也会增加,这意味着添加Fe₃P所合成的金刚石晶体中有磷存在。     

发光铱(Ⅲ)配合物抗肿瘤活性研究及应用

铱(Ⅲ)配合物因其发光量子产率高且波长易调控、发光寿命长和光稳定性好的特点,在发光材料领域备受关注。铱(Ⅲ)配合物细胞渗透能力强,能靶向多种细胞组织并影响其结构和功能,表现出独特的抗肿瘤活性,是目前金属抗肿瘤药物特别是PDT光敏剂方向的研究热点。本文重点关注铱(Ⅲ)配合物的结构对其发光性能与抗肿瘤性能的影响,综述了近期铱(Ⅲ)配合物在生物成像、探针与传感、抗肿瘤诊疗等领域的研究进展,并对目前研究中存在的问题及其应用前景进行探讨和展望。     

高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法同时测定固态食品中6种稀有糖

稀有糖在固态食品中的应用量与日俱增，引发了掺假、过量添加等食品安全问题，因此建立固态食品中稀有糖(阿洛酮糖、塔格糖、海藻糖、异麦芽酮糖、赤藓糖醇和甘露糖醇)的检测方法十分重要。本文基于高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器，建立了一种同时检测固态食品中6种稀有糖的分析方法。选用Zorbax Original NH₂色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm)进行分离，流动相为乙腈-水(80∶20, v/v),流速梯度洗脱。蒸发光散射检测系统的漂移管温度设置为50℃,雾化器载气为高纯氮，载气流速为1.0 mL/min,压力为275.79 kPa,增益值为3。样品经25 mL水提取，振荡涡旋10 min,分别加入200μL的乙酸锌溶液和200μL的亚铁氰化钾溶液净化，4 500 r/min离心10 min,取上清液1 mL,过0.22μm水相滤膜，待上机分析。6种稀有糖在各自范围内线性关系良好，决定系数(R²)均>0.998 5,方法的检出限为0.02～0.60 g/100 g。以空白固态食品样品为基质，在3种加标水平下，6种稀有糖的回收率为92...     

基于气相色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法快速筛查和确证农产品中222种农药残留

该文在QuEChERS方法的基础上采用固相分散萃取样品处理一体机(Sio-dSPE)对样品进行前处理,结合气相色谱-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法(GC-Orbitrap MS)对农产品中多农药残留进行筛查和确证.对Sio-dSPE前处理方法中盐析剂和除水剂的种类、净化剂的种类与用量、基质效应等进行考察.在最优条件下,采用GC-Orbitrap MS对农产品中222种农药残留进行检测,线性范围为1～200μg/L,在莴苣、大米和茶叶中的定量下限分别为0.5～5μg/kg、1～10μg/kg、2.5～25μg/kg.在上述3种基质中分别进行10、20、50μg/kg浓度水平的加标回收实验,测得回收率分别为70.5％～121％、70.2％～119％、65.2％～125％,相对标准偏差(RSD)分别不大于11％、10％、12％.该方法具有样品处理简单、分析时间短、净化效果好等优点,适用于农产品中多农药残留的快速筛查与定量.     

First-principles study of the co-effect of carbon doping and oxygen vacancies in ZnO photocatalyst

Although tuning band structure of optoelectronic semiconductor-based materials by means of doping single defect is an important approach for potential photocatalysis application,C-doping or oxygen vacancy(Vo)as a single defect in ZnO still has limitations for photocatalytic activity.Meanwhile,the influence of co-existence of various defects in ZnO still lacks sufficient studies.Therefore,we investigate the photocatalytic properties of ZnOx C0.0625(x=0.9375,0.875,0.8125),confirming that the co-effect of various defects has a greater enhancement for photocatalytic activity driven by visible-light than the single defect in ZnO.To clarify the underlying mechanism of co-existence of various defects in ZnO,we perform systematically the electronic properties calculations using density functional theory.It is found that the coeffect of C-doping and Vo in ZnO can achieve a more controllable band gap than doping solely in ZnO.Moreover,the impact of the effective masses of ZnO_xC_0.0625(x=0.9375,0.875,0.8125)is also taken into account.In comparison with heavy Vo concentrations,the light Vo concentration(x=0.875)as the optimal component together with C-doping in ZnO,can significantly improve the visible-light absorption and benefit photocatalytic activity.     

1,3,5-三(羧基甲氧基)苯镍配位聚合物的合成、晶体结构及性质研究

采用溶剂热法,1,3,5-三(羧基甲氧基)苯为定向配体和乙酸镍反应构筑了一个新型的金属配位聚合物[Ni(TB)₂(H₂O)₂]_n·2H₂O,其中H₃TB=1,3,5-三(羧基甲氧基)苯,通过元素分析、IR及X射线单晶衍射对配合物结构进行表征,并研究其荧光性质、热稳定性及Hirshfeld表面作用力。单晶结构分析表明,该配合物属于三斜晶系,空间群$P \overline{1}$,配合物中心离子Ni(Ⅱ)分别与来自两个水分子上的氧原子及四个不同1,3,5-三(羧基甲氧基)苯配体的羧酸氧原子配位,形成六配位的NiO₆八面体构型,并通过与1,3,5-三(羧基甲氧基)苯配体的氧原子配位不断延伸形成具有孔洞结构的一维链状构型。配合物具有良好的荧光性能和热稳定性。Hirshfeld表面作用分析表明配合物分子中O…H/H…O作用占主导且占比为39.0%,而H…H的作用力占比为25.9%,O…O的作用力占比为13.6%。     

CCSD(T) study on the structures and chemical bonds of AnO molecules (An = Bk–Lr)

The molecular geometries and dissociation energies of AnO (An = Bk–Lr) molecules were first obtained at thecoupled-cluster single-, double-, and perturbative triple-excitations [CCSD(T)] level of theory. Four hybrid functionals,B3LYP, M06-2X, TPSSh, and PBE0, were also employed in the calculations for the sake of comparison. In comparison ofthe CCSD(T) results, B3LYP, TPSSh, and PBE0 functionals can obtain more appropriate results than M06-2X and MP2.The analyses on molecular orbitals show that the 7s, 6d, and 5f atomic orbitals of actinide (An) atoms participate in thebonding of An–O bonds. The partial covalent nature between An and O atoms is revealed by QTAIM analyses.     

非光滑稀疏约束优化问题的最优性条件及算法

针对目标函数非光滑的稀疏约束优化问题,给出基本可行性和λ-平稳性两个必要最优性条件,利用所给出的必要最优性条件构造出稀疏次梯度投影算法.在理论上分析了算法的收敛性,证明了由该算法所产生序列的任意聚点都是λ-平稳点.最后,通过两个数值实例验证了算法的收敛性、有效性和优化能力.     

Theoretical study of (e,2e) triple differential cross sections of pyrimidine and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol molecules using multi-center distorted-wave method

We report theoretical studies of electron impact triple differential cross sections of two bio-molecules,pyrimidine and tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol,in the coplanar asymmetric kinematic conditions with the impact energy of 250 eV and ejected electron energy of 20 eV at three scattering angles of-5°,-10°,and-15°.Present multi-center distorted-wave method well describes the experimental data,which was obtained by performing(e,2e)experiment.The calculations show that the secondary electron produced by the primary impact electron is strongly influenced by the molecular ionic multi-center potential,which must be considered when the low energy electron interacts with DNA analogues.