基于NiCo2O4纳米片电极的非对称混合电容器

The looming global energy crisis and ever-increasing energy demands have catalyzed the development of renewable energy storage systems. In this regard, supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted widespread attention because of their advantageous attributes such as high power density, excellent cycle stability, and environmental friendliness. However, SCs exhibit low energy density and it is important to optimize electrode materials to improve the overall performance of these devices. Among the various electrode materials available, spinel nickel cobaltate (NiCo₂O₄) is particularly interesting because of its excellent theoretical capacitance. Based on the understanding that the performances of the electrode materials strongly depend on their morphologies and structures, in this study, we successfully synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets on Ni foam via a simple hydrothermal route followed by calcination. The structures and morphologies of the as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and the results showed that they were uniformly distributed on the Ni foam support. The surface chemical states of the elements in the samples were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ products were then tested as cathode materials for supercapacitors in a traditional three-electrode system. The electrochemical performances of the NiCo₂O₄ electrode materials were studied and the area capacitance was found to be 1.26 C·cm^-2 at a current density of 1 mA·cm^-2. Furthermore, outstanding cycling stability with 97.6% retention of the initial discharge capacitance after 10000 cycles and excellent rate performance (67.5% capacitance retention with the current density from 1 to 14 mA·cm^-2) were achieved. It was found that the Ni foam supporting the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets increased the conductivity of the electrode materials. However, it is worth noting that the contribution of nickel foam to the areal capacitance of the electrode materials was almost zero during the charge and discharge processes. To further investigate the practical application of the as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets-based electrode, a device was assembled with the as-prepared samples as the positive electrode and active carbon (AC) as the negative electrode. The assembled supercapacitor showed energy densities of 0.14 and 0.09 Wh·cm^-3 at 1.56 and 4.5 W·cm^-3, respectively. Furthermore, it was able to maintain 95% of its initial specific capacitance after 10000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets could be ascribed to their unique spatial structure composed of interconnected ultrathin nanosheets, which facilitated electron transportation and ion penetration, suggesting their potential applications as electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors. The present synthetic route can be extended to other ternary transition metal oxides/sulfides for future energy storage devices and systems.     

LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2正极材料的制备与电化学性能

LiNi_1-x-yCo_xMn_yO₂正极材料作为最有商业化前途的锂离子电池正极材料，近年来成为研究者关注的焦点。但目前针对该材料合成工艺的研究还较少。对LiNi_0.8Co_0.15Mn_0.05O₂开展了不同的烧结工艺研究，并对制备出的正极材料进行了表征和性能测试。研究发现在0.1C (电池容量额定值)倍率下充放电比容量为200 mA·h·g-1左右，在1C倍率循环100次下，480 ℃@3 h + 780 ℃@5 h和500 ℃@5 h + 780 ℃@10 h两种烧结工艺下容量保持率分别为94%和86%，说明用这两种工艺制备的正极材料的综合性能最优。     

福建物构所在锂离子电池正极材料研究获新进展

<正>兼具高容量和高倍率特性的正极材料是国际锂离子电池材料研究的热点,是满足未来移动电子设备及动力汽车产业对锂离子电池能量密度和功率密度要求的关键材料。迄今为止,所有报道的锂离子电池正极材料都难以同时兼具高容量和高倍率两个特性。在科技部973计划、国家自然科学基金项目的支持下,福建物构所中科院光电材料化学与物理重点实验室李莉萍研究小组通过结构设计和合成方法创新,利用溶剂热合成前驱体的方法并结合高温烧结方法,成功     

高比能锂离子电池层状富锂正极材料改性策略研究进展

层状富锂材料具有超过250 mAh∙g⁻¹的高可逆比容量,被认为是下一代高比能锂离子电池最具商业化前景的正极材料之一。然而,层状富锂材料在实际应用之前仍需解决诸多挑战,如高电压氧释放、层状到岩盐相的结构变化、过渡金属离子迁移等结构劣化,并由此带来了较低的初始库伦效率、电压/容量的衰减以及循环寿命的不足。针对以上问题,进行层状富锂材料改性无疑是一种行之有效的方法。本综述全面介绍了层状富锂材料的结构、组分以及电化学性能,在此基础上对材料改性策略进行了系统阐述,详细介绍了体相掺杂、表面包覆、缺陷设计、离子交换和微结构调控等一系列改性策略的现状以及发展趋势,最终提出了高容量和长循环层状富锂材料和高比能锂离子电池的设计思路。     

氧化还原媒介体分子调控锂-硫电池硫正极性能研究进展

锂-硫(Li-S)电池具有较高的理论比容量(约1 675 mAh·g^-1)和能量密度(约2 600 Wh·g^-1),被认为是继锂离子电池之后最有前途的下一代高能量密度电池.Li-S电池在实现产业化之前需要克服硫正极诸多技术瓶颈,主要有硫的导电性差、多硫化物的穿梭效应与硫电极体积膨胀等.本文着重梳理了氧化还原媒介体分子在硫正极改性研究上的进展,并对硫正极的未来发展趋势进行了展望.     

综合创新实验:Zn-LiFePO4软包装电池的制备与性能表征

以LiFePO₄为正极、Zn箔为负极,以Li₂SO₄+ZnSO₄的饱和蔗糖溶液为电解液,利用自封袋、无纺布、不锈钢网等材料组装制备了软包装电池。通过循环伏安曲线、充放电曲线、LED灯测试等方法对电池性能进行了评估。该实验可操作性强且易重复,所用材料环境友好、安全性高、价格便宜,测试仪器简单,不需要干燥间或手套箱等复杂设备,学生在普通化学实验室就可以亲身体验软包装电池的制备流程,直观感受化学能与电能之间的转化,并深入理解氧化还原反应过程及储能电池工作原理。     

固相烧结法制备锂离子电池正极材料Li2FeP2O7及其电化学性能研究

介绍了一种先冷冻干燥后固相烧结制备正极材料Li₂FeP₂O₇的方法. 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对材料的组成和形态进行表征, 并通过循环伏安曲线(CV)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究了Li₂FeP₂O₇材料的电化学性能. 研究发现, 合成Li₂FeP₂O₇的最佳温度为590 ℃, 此温度下反应较完全且产物杂质较少, 1.6C倍率下的放电比容量达到55 mA·h·g^?1, 明显高于其它温度下合成样品的放电比容量. 该温度下合成的Li₂FeP₂O₇还具有低阻抗和较大的交换电流密度, 说明这种合成方式有利于提高锂离子在Li₂FeP₂O₇中的扩散.     

服役温度对多壁碳纳米管/Li1.18Ni0.15Co0.15Mn0.52O2复合正极材料性能的影响

通过煅烧的方式制得多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)质量分数为3%的MWCNT/Li1.18Ni0.15Co0.15Mn0.52O2锂离子电池复合正极材料,并测试了复合正极材料在不同服役温度环境下的电化学性能:-20和60℃下服役时,其放电容量分别高达169、303 mAh·g^-1,且展示出良好的倍率性能和循环稳定性。结合电化学阻抗测试结果可知,MWCNT均匀附着在层状粒子的表面,有效减少了电解液对电极材料的侵蚀,阻碍了表面膜的生成,同时提高了材料的电子电导率。     

水洗和回烧工艺对高镍三元材料LiNi0.88Co0.07Al0.05O2微观结构及电化学性能的影响

以镍钴氢氧化物、异丙醇铝为原料,采用水解法合成三元前驱体Ni_(0.88)Co_(0.07)Al_(0.05)O_2,再与锂盐混合烧结得到正极材料(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、能量色散X射线谱(EDS)和恒电流充放电测试等对样品的晶体结构、微观形貌、元素价态以及电化学性能进行表征。研究表明,料液比1∶25、水洗3次、600℃回烧2 h合成的LiNi_(0.88)Co_(0.07)Al_(0.05)O_2具有较优的综合电化学性能,其在0.2C的放电比容量达207.6 mAh·g~(-1),首次充放电效率为84.8%,1C放电比容量为192.0 mAh·g~(-1),循环100周后,材料的放电比容量仍有148.0 mAh·g~(-1),容量保持率达到77.1%。     

大孔高镍LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2正极材料的制备及其电化学性能研究

本工作以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)微球组装成的胶晶模板作为铸模, 溶胶-凝胶法辅助获得大孔LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ (NCM811)正极材料. 结果表明, 利用PMMA作为造孔剂, 形成了由100 nm的颗粒堆积而成的大孔结构, 这种结构有效地提高了材料的倍率性能和循环稳定性. 大孔NCM811在0.1C的首次放电比容量为190.3 mAh∙g^-1. 2C倍率下NCM811纳米颗粒的放电比容量仅为129.3 mAh∙g^-1, 而大孔NCM811的放电比容量为149.8 mAh∙g^-1. 0.5C倍率下循环400次后大孔NCM811的容量保持率为83.02%, 明显高于纳米颗粒材料的38.59%.