基于QuEChERS净化-气相色谱法同时测定蔬菜中6种有机磷类农药残留

建立了QuEChERS（Quick，Easy，Cheap，Effective，Rugged and Safe）法-气相色谱法测定蔬菜中6种有机磷农药残留量的检测方法.样品用1%乙酸乙腈提取，经N-丙基乙二胺（PSA）和无水硫酸镁分散固相萃取净化，气相色谱火焰光度检测器测定.考察了QuEChERS法在两种不同体系（氯化钠盐析和乙酸盐缓冲体系）的提取净化效果.试验结果表明，在乙酸盐缓冲体系中，有机磷农药残留更加稳定，回收率更高.6种有机磷农药残留在0.2~10.0 mg/L之间线性关系良好，相关系数（R²）均大于0.999，检出限在0.003 5~0.015 mg/L之间.低、中、高3个添加水平的回收率在78.5%~106.3%之间，相对标准偏差在1.4%~6.3%之间.方法简单、快捷，准确可靠，适合大批量样品农残检测.     

数理统计在地球化学样品分析质量控制中的应用

使用Excel2013和Minitab两种常用软件对地球化学样品中CaO含量分布情况进行了研究,运用描述性统计、正态分布、背景值与异常方法对实验室分析的广西某地地球化学样品的分析数据进行了质量评价,结果表明:综合运用计算机软件和数理统计方法,能快速找到分析数据的详细信息和数据特征,判别地球化学样品实验室分析数据的准确性,找出元素的背景值和异常值并剔除异常值,比较发现,样品中CaO含量分析数据对数转换后比原始数据的分布更趋于正态分布,相比于X射线荧光光谱方法,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定的结果更符合正态分布。方法对地球化学调查样品的分析数据质量评价作了有益的尝试,揭示了数理统计方法是地球化学样品分析质量控制的有效手段。     

Isolation and Crystal Structure of Ent-kaurane Diterpenes from Rubus corchorifolius L. f.

In this study, ent-Kaurane-3β,16β,17-triol(1) and ent-kaurane-2α,16β,17-triol(2), were isolated from the leaves of Rubus corchorifolius L. f. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analysis. NMR experiments identified the two compounds and X-ray crystallographic analysis confirmed their crystal structures. The crystal of 1 belongs to monoclinic with space group P21 and a = 10.7641(3), b = 7.2789(3), c = 11.7862(4) , β = 95.275(3)°, V = 919.55(6) 3, Z = 2, C20H34O4, Mr = 322.49 g/mol, Dc = 1.230 g/m3, F(000) = 376, λ = 1.54178 , μ = 0.661 mm-1, R = 0.0319, and wR = 0.0811 for 10889 observed reflections(Ⅰ 2σ(Ⅰ)). The crystal of 2 is classified as orthorhombic with space group P212121 and a = 10.7641(3), b = 12.72224(19), c = 21.3929(3) , V = 1748.94(4) 3, Z = 4, C20H34O4, Mr = 322.47, Dc = 1.225 Mg/m3 F(000) = 712, λ = 1.54184 , μ = 0.625 mm-1, R = 0.0303 and w R = 0.0759 for 10470 observed reflections(Ⅰ 2σ(Ⅰ)). Meanwhile, the compound revealed low inhibitory activities toward Hep G2, MCF-7, and SCG-7901 cells.     

1-(4-氯苯基)-2-环丙基酮肟醚的设计、 合成及杀虫活性

采用中间体衍生化方法, 以环唑醇中间体1-(4-氯苯基)-2-环丙基丙酮作为基本骨架, 引入肟醚活性片段, 合成了32个新的1-(4-氯苯基)-2-环丙基酮肟醚类化合物, 其化学结构经核磁共振波谱和质谱等确认. 单晶X衍射分析表明, 化合物2n属于单斜晶系, 空间群为P2₁/c. 生物活性筛选结果表明, 化合物1i在200 mg/L浓度下对蚜虫的致死率为78.57%; 化合物1g在200 mg/L浓度下对红蜘蛛的致死率为69.95%; 化合物1i在200和12.5 mg/L浓度下对黏虫的致死率分别为100%和85%.     

高中化学项目教学案例——探寻柠檬水中的维生素C

选取“维生素C”这一生活中常见的还原性物质,面向已经学习“氧化还原反应”基础知识的高一年级学生开展项目教学活动。通过提出项目问题、师生共同拆解项目问题设计研究方案和子任务、学生实施子任务研究等项目教学环节,在形成相应子任务成果的同时,进一步帮助学生巩固从氧化性和还原性视角认识化学物质性质的认识角度,建立基于物质性质定量分析目标物质含量的实验思路和思维框架,提升学生对于氧化还原反应功能和价值的认识。     

A novel fluorescence sensor based on covalent immobilization of 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole by using silver nanoparticles as bridges and carriers

A novel technique of covalent immobilization of indicator dyes in the preparation of fluorescence sensors is developed. Silver nanoparticles are used as bridges and carriers for anchoring indicator dyes. 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole (AEC) was employed as an example of indicator dyes with terminal amino groups and covalently immobilized onto the outmost surface of a quartz glass slide. First, the glass slide was functionalized by (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPS) to form a thiol-terminated self-assembled monolayer, where silver nanoparticles were strongly bound to the surface through covalent bonding. Then, 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHDA) was self-assembled to bring carboxylic groups onto the surface of silver nanoparticles. A further activation by using 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) converted the carboxylic groups into succinimide esters. Finally, the active succinimide esters on the surface of silver nanoparticles were reacted with AEC. Thus, AEC was covalently bound to the glass slide and an AEC-immobilized sensor was obtained. The sensor exhibited very satisfactory reproducibility and reversibility, rapid response and no dye-leaching. Rutin can quench the fluorescence intensity of the sensor and be measured by using the sensor. The linear response of the sensor to rutin covers the range from 2.0 × 10⁻⁶ to 1.5 × 10⁻⁴ mol L⁻¹ with a detection limit of 8.0 × 10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹. The proposed technique may be feasible to the covalent immobilization of other dyes with primary amino groups.     

丹磺酰肼衍生-高效液相色谱-荧光检测法测定包装纸中的甲醛和乙醛

建立了丹磺酰肼(DNSH)衍生-高效液相色谱-荧光检测测定包装纸中甲醛和乙醛的分析方法,并与2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)衍生法进行了比较。纸张样品经衍生化试剂振荡萃取30 min,衍生化反应24 h,萃取液经PSA/C18净化管净化处理后,以Diamonsil~ C18(2)色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)为固定相,用醋酸水溶液(pH2.55)-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱。采用荧光检测器检测,激发波长为330 nm,发射波长为484 nm。结果表明,衍生剂、甲醛-DNSH和乙醛-DNSH在20 min内可完全分离,方法的加标回收率为81.64%~106.78%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.02%~5.53%(n=5),甲醛和乙醛的检出限分别为19.2μg/kg和20.7μg/kg,定量限分别为63.9μg/kg和69.1μg/kg。该法操作简单,灵敏度高,比常规方法具有更低的检出限,能很好地应用到实际样品检测中,为低含量醛类化合物的检测提供了一种新思路。     

六水合三氯化铁催化3-甲基环己酮与丙酮酸乙酯交叉羟醛缩合制备薄荷内酯

用FeCl3·6H2O催化3-甲基环己酮与丙酮酸乙酯交叉羟醛缩合,制得2-(2-氧代-4-甲基环己叉基)丙酸乙酯和7a-羟基薄荷内酯,皂化后用硼氢化钠还原、酸化制得(±)-薄荷内酯,产率为51%。考察了3-甲基环己酮的烯醇式异构化的位置选择性和粗产物中(±)-薄荷内酯与(±)-异薄荷内酯异构体的比例。     

高效液相色谱法测定复方维生素片中β-胡萝卜素

提出了高效液相色谱法测定复方维生素片中β-胡萝卜素含量的方法。样品皂化后经石油醚提取,提取液经旋转蒸干后用二氯甲烷溶解。以ODS-C18色谱柱(150mm×4.6mm,5μm)为固定相,甲醇-异丙醇(1+1)溶液为流动相,用紫外检测器于波长448nm处检测。β-胡萝卜素的质量浓度在0.10～50.0mg.L-1之间与峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为0.03mg.L-1。方法用于复方维生素片中β-胡萝卜素的测定,加标回收率在90.0%～95.0%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.86%～3.2%之间。     

离线热解-热脱附-气相色谱-质谱法用于研究烟草中主要糖类对挥发性成分的影响

提出了离线热解-热脱附-气相色谱-质谱法测定烟草中挥发性成分的方法,并将此方法用于研究烟草中主要糖类化合物(果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖)对烟草挥发性组分的影响。结果表明:①糖类在高温下裂解,主要生成呋喃类、羧酸类及酯类化合物,不同糖类的裂解产物有较明显差异;②加入蔗糖后,烟草的挥发性成分中醛、酮类和含氮、硫杂环类化合物增加显著;③加入葡萄糖后,醇、酚类和含氧杂环类化合物增加明显;④而加入果糖后,各类化合物增加均较少,其中含氧杂环类化合物含量几乎没有变化。可见糖类物质在热解过程中不仅自身发生氧化还原反应,还与烟草中的成分发生了一系列化学反应,从而显著影响烟气的化学组成。