全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11178篇 |
免费 | 1893篇 |
国内免费 | 2809篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 8867篇 |
晶体学 | 241篇 |
力学 | 682篇 |
综合类 | 372篇 |
数学 | 1442篇 |
物理学 | 4276篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 9篇 |
2023年 | 132篇 |
2022年 | 323篇 |
2021年 | 302篇 |
2020年 | 402篇 |
2019年 | 388篇 |
2018年 | 322篇 |
2017年 | 401篇 |
2016年 | 475篇 |
2015年 | 550篇 |
2014年 | 654篇 |
2013年 | 826篇 |
2012年 | 885篇 |
2011年 | 970篇 |
2010年 | 881篇 |
2009年 | 833篇 |
2008年 | 970篇 |
2007年 | 947篇 |
2006年 | 893篇 |
2005年 | 677篇 |
2004年 | 616篇 |
2003年 | 468篇 |
2002年 | 542篇 |
2001年 | 453篇 |
2000年 | 445篇 |
1999年 | 299篇 |
1998年 | 159篇 |
1997年 | 136篇 |
1996年 | 114篇 |
1995年 | 83篇 |
1994年 | 99篇 |
1993年 | 107篇 |
1992年 | 94篇 |
1991年 | 69篇 |
1990年 | 64篇 |
1989年 | 42篇 |
1988年 | 38篇 |
1987年 | 38篇 |
1986年 | 21篇 |
1985年 | 27篇 |
1984年 | 18篇 |
1983年 | 18篇 |
1982年 | 9篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
探讨了经济增长及金融发展与城乡收入差距之间互动影响,刻画了三者间的逻辑关系,并基于广西1990-2017年的统计数据,运用状态空间模型及卡尔曼滤波算法对三者间动态关系进行了实证分析.结果显示:经济增长对城乡收入差距呈现倒U型曲线形态,而金融发展则显示出具有不断缩小城乡收入差距的趋势. 相似文献
3.
Herein, we successfully construct the 3D biocompatible graphene through crosslinking 2D graphene nanosheet onto carbon fiber paper with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) as anode of the alcohol biofuel cell. Compared with the bioanode without 3D graphene, the current density and output power of PDDA-graphene-ADH bioanode is increased by 23 % and 41 % at a high concentration of ethanol at pH 8.9, suggesting the stabilization role of graphene in enzyme loading. The study provides us a deep analysis on structures and performances of the bioanode incl. electrochemistry, X-ray photoelectron spectra, and atomic force microscopy images, which is significant to develop the new methods to construct 3D porous electrodes in energy conversion device. 相似文献
4.
Natural enzymes have been praised highly as ideal catalysts, presumably owing to their remarkable advantages of high efficiency, high selectivity, and mild reaction conditions. The reports of chemical simulation and systematic synthesis of natural enzymes such as peroxidase (POD) are rare because of their complex biological structures. POD represents a large family of oxidoreductases and offers a wide range of applications in many fields of science. Recent advance in the fusion of nanomaterial, catalysis, and biochemistry has inspired the development of artificial enzymes implemented with desired catalytic features of natural enzymes. Herein, we review the redox chemistry of POD and compare its catalytic performance to graphene-based nanomaterials (G-NMs) as POD mimetic nanoenzymes bases on catalytic center, binding site, and carrier function. Based on the viewpoints of stereo chemistry and molecular kinetic and dynamics in heterogeneous system, we evaluate and compare the suitability of different NMs as artificial enzyme constituent. We propose that reevaluates design strategies of graphene-based peroxidase (G-POD) mimetic materials and emphasizes on their selectivity (role as catalytic center, binding site, or carrier) is of uttermost. 相似文献
5.
Polyaniline (PANI)/MIL-88A(Fe) (Px@M88) composites were constructed through a simple one-pot hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic and photo-Fenton activities of Px@M88 composites toward reduction of Cr(VI) and degradation organic pollutants were explored by white light irradiation. PANI, as a conductive polymer, can improve MIL-88A(Fe)’s conductivity and the efficiency of photogenerated e−–h+ pair separation. In the presence of H2O2, a photo-Fenton reaction occured to boost the degradation efficiency of organic pollutants like bisphenol A. In addition, P9@M88 showed excellent recycling and stability in cycling experiments. Finally, a possible reaction mechanism for photocatalytic degradation was proposed and verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron spin resonance determination and electrochemical characterizations. 相似文献
6.
Biomaterial scaffolds are the cornerstone to supporting 3D tissue growth. Optimized scaffold design is critical to successful regeneration, and this optimization requires accurate knowledge of the scaffold's interaction with living tissue in the dynamic in vivo milieu. Unfortunately, non‐invasive methods that can probe scaffolds in the intact living subject are largely underexplored, with imaging‐based assessment relying on either imaging cells seeded on the scaffold or imaging scaffolds that have been chemically altered. In this work, the authors develop a broadly applicable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method to image scaffolds directly. A positive‐contrast “bright” manganese porphyrin (MnP) agent for labeling scaffolds is used to achieve high sensitivity and specificity, and polydopamine, a biologically derived universal adhesive, is employed for adhering the MnP. The technique was optimized in vitro on a prototypic collagen gel, and in vivo assessment was performed in rats. The results demonstrate superior in vivo scaffold visualization and the potential for quantitative tracking of degradation over time. Designed with ease of synthesis in mind and general applicability for the continuing expansion of available biomaterials, the proposed method will allow tissue engineers to assess and fine‐tune the in vivo behavior of their scaffolds for optimal regeneration. 相似文献
7.
初步研究了男性个体辐射敏感性的鉴定方法及标准。采集50名男性志愿者的外周血,分别给予不同剂量X射线照射,采用细胞松弛素B阻断双核法测定微核率(MNF),通过二阶多项拟合法,绘制微核剂量效应选项中心标准曲线,将个人微核剂量效应曲线与标准曲线比对后判断个体辐射敏感性。 $0.0\sim2.5 $ Gy剂量范围内,剂量效应二阶多项拟合的中心方程为(MNF=0.014 7+0.036 2D+0.023 1D 2, r=0.726)。50名志愿者中,辐射敏感的有13人,辐射抗性的有14人,基本符合正态分布。Spearman秩和相关分析结果显示,MNF在各个辐射剂量点与辐射敏感性均存在正相关,与辐射抗性呈负相关,MNF随剂量增加而增加。本研究初步建立了“以线代点”男性个体辐射敏感性鉴定方法,并发现男性外周血淋巴细胞的本底微核率与个体辐射敏感性呈正相关。 相似文献
8.
9.
Covalent organic frameworks(COFs), as a class of crystalline porous materials with periodic lattices and porous structures, have received extensive attention in the fields of gas storage and separation, energy storage, catalysis and optoelectronics and so on. However, COFs are still in their infancy in the field of nuclear waste treatment, especially for sequestration of long-live problematic radionuclides, such as 99Tc. Battle of decontamination of pertechnetate(TcO4–), a main existence of 99Tc under aerobic environments, is far from finished. In this review, recent progresses of COFs and some relative materials in the sequestration of pertechnetate, and perspective on surmounting the unmet issues are elucidated. 相似文献
10.
Guanlin Li Ling Zhao Yicong Luo Youbin Peng Kai Xu Dr. Xiaohong Huo Prof. Dr. Wanbin Zhang 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2022,28(24):e202200273
Asymmetric desymmetrization has been demonstrated to be a powerful strategy for building stereocenters in asymmetric synthesis. Herein, a Pd/Cu catalyzed asymmetric desymmetrization reaction with a simple geminal dicarboxylate is reported. A wide scope of imino esters bearing an aryl or heteroaromatic group were compatible with this bimetallic catalytic system. The reactions proceeded smoothly, giving the desired products in good yields with high to excellent regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity (up to 20 : 1 branched:linear, >20 : 1 dr, >99 % ee). Notably, the reaction favored branched selectivity, which is unusual for the Pd-catalyzed allylic alkylation reaction. In addition, the standard product could be easily transformed to other valuable molecules such as chiral allylic alcohols, carbamates, and organic boron compounds. Furthermore, DFT calculations were conducted to explain the origin of the branched selectivity. 相似文献