氧化铟掺铪红外透明导电薄膜

采用射频磁控溅射与退火工艺相结合的方法,分别在石英和硒化锌(ZnSe)衬底上制备了掺铪氧化铟(IHfO)薄膜,掺杂比例In2O3∶HfO2为98wt.%∶2wt.%.测试了薄膜的组成结构和3～5μm红外波段的光电性质,分析了退火温度、薄膜厚度和氧气流速对薄膜性能的影响.X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和X射线能谱表明,制备的IHfO薄膜具有氧化铟的立方体结构,掺杂铪并没有影响氧化铟的生长方向,但是减小了晶格间距,铪与铟外层电子形成新的杂化轨道.傅里叶变换红外光谱表明,随着退火温度的增加,IHfO薄膜在3～5μm波段的透过率逐渐下降,沉积在ZnSe衬底上的薄膜具有更平稳的透过率,厚度为100nm薄膜在3～5μm波段平均透过率为68%.测试霍尔效应表明,随着氧气流速的增加,IHfO薄膜电阻率逐渐增加,载流子浓度减小,霍尔迁移率变化不明显.晶界散射是影响IHfO薄膜迁移率的主要因素,当氧气流速为0.3sccm时,薄膜最佳电阻率为3.3×10~(-2)Ω·cm.与透可见光波段的导电氧化铟锡(ITO)薄膜相比,制备的IHfO薄膜可以应用在3～5μm红外波段检测气体,红外制导等领域.     

Nanostructured BiVO4 Derived from Bi-MOF for Enhanced Visible-light Photodegradation

BiVO4,a promising visible-light responding photocatalyst,has aroused extensive research interest because of inexpensiveness and excellent chemical stability.However,its main drawback is the poor photoinduced charge-transfer dynamics.Building nanostructures is an effective way to tackle this problem.Herein,we put forward a new method to prepare nanostructured BiVO4 from Bi-based metal-organic frameworks[Bi-MOF(CAU-17)]precursor.The as-prepared material has a rod-like morphology inherited from the Bi-MOF sacrificial template and consists of small nanoparticle as building blocks.Compared with its counterparts prepared by conventional methods,MOF-derived nanostructured BiVO4 shows better light absorption ability,narrower bandgap,and improved electrical conductivity as well as reduced recombination.Consequently,BiVO4 nanostructure demonstrates high photocatalytic activity under visible light towards the degradation of methylene blue.Methylene blue can be degraded up to 90%within 30 min with a reaction rate constant of 0.058 min-1.Moreover,the cycling stability of the catalyst is excellent to withstand unchanged degradation efficiency for at least 5 cycles.     

Ultrafine PtRu Dilute Alloy Nanodendrites for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Methanol Oxidation

Dilute alloy nanostructures have been demonstrated to possess distinct catalytic properties. Noble-metal-induced reduction is one effective synthesis strategy to construct dilute alloys and modify the catalytic performance of the host metal. Herein, we report the synthesis of ultrafine PtRu dilute alloy nanodendrites (PtRu NDs, molar ratio Ru/Pt is 1:199) by the reduction of Ru^III ions induced by Pt metal. For the methanol oxidation reaction, PtRu NDs showed the highest forward peak current density (2.66 mA cm⁻², 1.14 A/mg_Pt) and the best stability compared to those of pure-Pt nanodendrites (pure-Pt NDs), commercial PtRu/C and commercial Pt/C catalysts.     

Improved Interfacial Bonding Strength and Reliability of Functionalized Graphene Oxide for Cement Reinforcement Applications

Poor bonding strength between nanomaterials and cement composites inevitably lead to the failure of reinforcement. Herein, a novel functionalization method for the fabrication of functionalized graphene oxide (FGO), which is capable of forming highly reliable covalent bonds with cement hydration products, and therefore, suitable for use as an efficient reinforcing agent for cement composites, is discussed. The bonding strength between cement and aggregates was improved more than 21 times with the reinforcement of FGO. The fabricated FGO also demonstrated many important features, including high reliability in cement pastes, good dispersibility, and efficient structural refinement of cement hydration products. With the incorporation of FGO, cement mortar samples demonstrated up to 40 % increased early and ultimate strength. Such results make the fast demolding and manufacture of light constructions become highly possible, and show strong advantages on improving productivity, saving cost, and reducing CO₂ emissions in practical applications.     

A Novel Energetic Ionic Salt: Hydroxylammonium Potassium 3,3’-Dinitro-5,5’-bis-1,2,4-triazole-1,1’-diolate Dihydrate

A novel energetic ionic salt,hydroxylammonium potassium 3,3?-dinitro-5,5?-bis-1,2,4-triazole-1,1?-diolate dihydrate[(NH3OH)2K(DNOBT)1.5?2H2O],was synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis,IR spectra,13C NMR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.(NH3OH)2K(DNOBT)1.5?2H2O crystallizes in triclinic system,space group P with a=7.9212(6),b=9.1924(7),c=14.2549(15)?,a=103.917(2)°,β=99.736(2)°,g=104.8110(10)°,V=944.16(14)?^3,Z=2,Dc=1.855 g/cm^3,F(000)=538,μ=0.386 mm^-1,S=1.070,the final R=0.0525 and wR(I>2s(I))=0.1593.Thermal decomposition of(NH3OH)2K(DNOBT)1.5?2H2O and its intermediate potassium 1?-hydroxy-3,3?-dinitro-5,5?-bis-1,2,4-triazole-1-olate monohydrate[K(HDNOBT)?H2O]was studied by using DSC and TG-DTG.It was found that(NH3OH)2K(DNOBT)1.5?2H2O,which has primarily one exothermic decomposition process at 248.2℃,has better thermal stability than K(HDNOBT)?H2O which is decomposed at 210.9℃.     

参外联合激励下的簇发振荡及其机理

当周期激励频率远小于系统固有频率时，会存在快慢耦合效应，与单项激励不同，参外联合激励不仅会导致快子系统平衡曲线和分岔行为的复杂化，也会产生一些特殊的非线性现象，为此，本文以两耦合Hodgkin-Huxley细胞模型为例，引入周期参外联合激励，探讨在频域不同尺度耦合时该系统的簇发振荡的特点及其分岔机制．通过建立相应的快慢子系统，得到慢变参数变化下的快子系统的各种分岔模式以及相应的分岔行为，结合转换相图，揭示耦合系统随激励幅值变化时的动力学行为及其机理．研究表明，在激励幅值较小时，系统表现为概周期振荡，两频率分别近似于快子系统平衡曲线由Hopf分岔引起的两稳定极限环的振荡频率．概周期解随激励幅值的增加进入簇发振荡，导致这些簇发振荡的主要原因是在慢变参数变化的部分区间内，存在唯一稳定的平衡曲线，使得系统的轨迹逐渐趋向该平衡曲线，产生沉寂态，并随着慢变参数的变化，由分岔进入激发态．同时，快子系统中参与簇发振荡的稳定吸引子随激励幅值的变化也会不同，导致不同形式的簇发振荡．另外，与单项激励下的情形不同，联合激励时快子系统的部分稳定吸引子掩埋在其它稳定吸引子内，从而失去对簇发振荡的影响．     

Recent Progress of Small-Molecule Ratiometric Fluorescent Probes for Peroxynitrite in Biological Systems

Peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻) as a major reactive oxygen species plays important roles in cellular signal transduction and homeostatic regulation. Precise detection of ONOO⁻ in biological systems is vital for exploring its physiological and pathological function. Among numerous detection methods, fluorescence imaging technology using fluorescent probes offers some advantages, including simple operation, high sensitivity and selectivity, as well as real-time and nondestructive detection. In particular, ratiometric fluorescent probes, in which the built-in calibration of the two emission bands prevents interference from the biological environment, have been extensively employed to monitor the fluctuation of bioactive species. In this review, we will discuss small-molecule ratiometric fluorescent probes for ONOO⁻ in live cells or in vivo, which involves chemical structures, response mechanisms, and biological applications. Moreover, the challenges and future prospects of ONOO⁻-responsive ratiometric fluorescent probe are also proposed.     

Development of a liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry method for the determination of gelsemine in rat plasma and tissue: Application to a pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution study

Gelsemine from Gelsemium elegans Benth is a potential anesthetic and analgesic agent with no physical dependence and opiate addiction. This study was aimed at developing an ultrafast liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify gelsemine in rat plasma and tissues. Plasma and tissues were processed with acetonitrile precipitation, and dendrobine was chosen as the internal standard. Sample separation was performed on an ACQUITY HSS T3 column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution. Multiple reactions monitoring mode was utilized to detect the compounds of interest. The mass spectrometer was operated in the positive ion mode for detection. The MS/MS ion transitions monitored were m/z 323.2→70.5 for gelsemine and 264.2→108.05 for dendrobine, respectively. The calibration curves were linear over the range of 1–500 ng/mL in all biological matrices. The lower limit of quantification for rats plasma and tissues was 1.0 ng/mL. The values for inter‐ and intraday precision and accuracy were well within the ranges acceptable (< 15%). It was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies of gelsemine after intravenous doses of 5, 2, and 0.5 mg/kg in rats. These data of gelsemine would be useful for clinical application and further development.     

ITS示范工程对城市交通畅通性的贡献率研究

通过分析城市交通畅通性的影响因素及其与ITS(智能交通系统)的关系,挖掘ITS对城市交通畅通性的贡献率指标.搜集实证研究对象数据,采用灰色预测模型预测贡献率指标的数值,将ITS示范工程实施前后的数值进行对比,计算得到ITS示范工程对城市交通畅通性的贡献率.由贡献率结果判断ITS示范工程对城市交通畅通性的作用及ITS示范工程的实施效果如何,为未来ITS的发展提供相应的参考建议.