全无机卤化铅钙钛矿的结构、热力学稳定性和电子性质

有机-无机杂化卤化铅钙钛矿因具有独特的电子和光学特性,已经成为光电领域最有前途的材料。但是,有机-无机钙钛矿材料及器件稳定性差,限制了其实际应用。与杂化钙钛矿相比,全无机卤化物钙钛矿CsPbX₃(X=Cl,Br,I)显示出更强的热稳定性。全无机卤化物钙钛矿CsPbX₃具有多个晶型,在不同的温度下呈不同相结构。目前,关于CsPbX₃的结构和物理性质仍存在争议。本文我们针对三个晶相α-,β-和γ-CsPbX₃的结构,热力学稳定性和电子性质进行了全面的理论研究。第一性原理计算表明,从高温α相到低温β相,然后再到γ相的相变伴随着PbX₆八面体的畸变。零温形成能计算表明,γ相最稳定,这与实验中γ相为低温稳定相的结论一致。电子性质计算表明,所有CsPbX₃钙钛矿都表现出直接带隙性质,并且带隙值从α相到β相再到γ相逐渐增加。这是由于相变发生时,Pb-X成键强度逐渐减弱,使价带顶能量降低,进而带隙增加。在所有相中,α相结构中较强的Pb-X相互作用,导致了较强的带边色散,使其具有较小的载流子有效质量。     

Simulation of near-infrared photodiode detectors based on β-FeSi_2/4H-SiC heterojunctions

In this paper,we propose a near-infrared p-type β-FeSi2/n-type 4H-SiC heterojunction photodetector with semiconducting silicide(β-FeSi2) as the active region for the first time.The optoelectronic characteristics of the photodetector are simulated using a commercial simulator at room temperature.The results show that the photodetector has a good rectifying character and a good response to near-infrared light.Interface states should be minimized to obtain a lower reverse leakage current.The response spectrum of the β-FeSi2/4H-SiC detector,which consists of a p-type β-FeSi2 absorption layer with a doping concentration of 1×1015cm-3 and a thickness of 2.5 μm,has a peak of 755 mA/W at 1.42 μm.The illumination of the SiC side obtains a higher responsivity than that of the β-FeSi2 side.The results illustrate that the β-FeSi2/4H-SiC heterojunction can be used as a near-infrared photodetector compatible with near-infrared optically-activated SiC-based power switching devices.     

电化学法提锂技术的研究进展及展望

随着新能源产业的不断发展,锂资源的需求量急剧增加。我国具有丰富盐湖锂资源,随着技术的革新与产业化的实践,盐湖提锂技术逐渐走向成熟。电化学法提锂作为众多提锂技术中的新秀,因绿色环保、选择性高、低能耗而备受国内外研究者的关注。本文对国内外电化学提锂技术的研究进展进行综述,并对未来电化学提锂技术的发展给出建议与展望。     

钨掺杂对锂离子电池LiNiO2正极材料性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了钨掺杂镍酸锂正极材料(LiNi_(1-x)W_xO_2,x=1%、3%),研究了钨掺杂对LiNiO_2正极材料电化学性能的影响。结果表明,钨掺杂明显地改善了LiNiO_2的充放电循环性能,在100 mA·g~(-1)的电流密度和2.5～4.5 V电压范围的测试条件下,LiNi_(0.99)W_(0.01)O_2材料循环400次后的容量保持率为62.51%,而LiNiO_2在相同循环条件下的保持率仅为47.06%。同时,钨掺杂也提升了LiNiO_2的充放电倍率性能,掺杂材料在每一个倍率下放电比容量均高于未掺杂材料。     

褐煤原位气化半焦的反应性及微观结构的演化行为

在自制两段新型固定床反应器上进行了褐煤热解及"热"半焦的原位气化反应的研究。在高纯氩气、400/600/800 ℃的条件下,对褐煤热解5 s后,立刻将反应器移到气化段,同时切换气氛为15%水蒸气对"热"半焦进行原位气化反应(900 ℃、2~30 min),制得原位气化半焦。利用TGA和Raman光谱仪,对原位气化半焦进行反应性和微观结构表征。结果表明,原位气化半焦产率及反应性在气化10 min内降低幅度相对较大,10~30 min降低相对缓慢。大部分的含氧官能团在气化2 min内被释放,气化2 min后含氧官能团变得非常少。半焦中小的芳环与大环体系之比在气化2 min内急剧降低,2~30 min降低较为缓慢。半焦的微观结构对其反应性有一定的影响,随着气化反应的不断进行,半焦中无定形结构、小的缩合芳环等活性基团逐渐减少,反应性相应降低。     

线性多烯分子的π电子能隙对原子振动的调制

β胡萝卜素是典型的线性多稀分子,重要的光电材料,在医学上也有重要的作用,研究它在外场作用下分子结构和性能的变化及机理有很重要的理论和应用价值。分别测量了β胡萝卜素在二甲基亚砜中温度为81～25 ℃范围和β胡萝卜素在二硫化碳中压力为0.04～0.60 GPa范围的紫外-可见吸收和共振拉曼光谱。发现了两种不同的的光谱现象,随温度降低,二甲基亚砜中的β胡萝卜素分子的紫外-可见吸收、拉曼光谱都红移,拉曼散射截面增大;而随压强增加二硫化碳中β胡萝卜素分子的紫外-可见吸收峰也红移,但拉曼散射峰却蓝移,拉曼散射截面减小。两种实验现象不能同时用线性多烯分子的“有效共轭长度”“弱阻尼相干振动”等理论模型给予明了解释。电子—声子耦合常数,可以表征分子中的原子和电子在外界环境作用下的相互振动耦合程度的强弱。该研究依据电子—振动相互作用规律,通过分析和计算得出结论：二种实验现象都是π电子与碳碳键振动相互作用产生的,即由于温度、压力作用对β胡萝卜素分子结构及电子—振动耦合影响不同, 引起电子-声子耦合常数不同,是电子能隙对碳碳振动的调制作用而产生的两种实验结果。     

载细胞海藻酸钠/壳聚糖微胶囊的化学破囊方法研究

以海藻酸钠-壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微胶囊(简称ACA微胶囊)为研究体系,建立了一种生理条件下ACA微胶囊的化学破囊方法,破囊过程充分考虑了对囊内生物物质活性的保持.以微生物细胞PichiapastorisGS115和动物细胞L929为模型,以NaHCO₃和Na₃C₆H5O₇·2H₂O为破囊液基本组分,考察了破囊液对ACA微胶囊的破囊效果及破囊过程对囊内细胞活性的影响.结果表明,破囊操作可在30s内完成,破囊率为100%,微胶囊膜完全溶解,破囊后细胞存活率在85%以上.     

High-throughput computational material screening of the cycloalkane-based two-dimensional Dion—Jacobson halide perovskites for optoelectronics

Two-dimensional (2D) layered perovskites have emerged as potential alternates to traditional three-dimensional (3D) analogs to solve the stability issue of perovskite solar cells. In recent years, many efforts have been spent on manipulating the interlayer organic spacing cation to improve the photovoltaic properties of Dion—Jacobson (DJ) perovskites. In this work, a serious of cycloalkane (CA) molecules were selected as the organic spacing cation in 2D DJ perovskites, which can widely manipulate the optoelectronic properties of the DJ perovskites. The underlying relationship between the CA interlayer molecules and the crystal structures, thermodynamic stabilities, and electronic properties of 58 DJ perovskites has been investigated by using automatic high-throughput workflow cooperated with density-functional (DFT) calculations. We found that these CA-based DJ perovskites are all thermodynamic stable. The sizes of the cycloalkane molecules can influence the degree of inorganic framework distortion and further tune the bandgaps with a wide range of 0.9—2.1 eV. These findings indicate the cycloalkane molecules are suitable as spacing cation in 2D DJ perovskites and provide a useful guidance in designing novel 2D DJ perovskites for optoelectronic applications.     

Simulation of near-infrared photodiode detectors based on β-FeSi2/4H-SiC heterojunction

In this paper, we propose the near-infrared p-type β-FeSi₂/n-type 4H-SiC heterojunction photodetector with semiconducting silicide (β-FeSi₂) as the active region for the first time. Optoelectronic characteristics of the photodetector are simulated using a commercial simulator at room temperature. The results show that the photodetector has a good rectifying character and a good response to the near-infrared light. Interface states should be minimized to obtain a lower reverse leakage current. The response spectrum of the β-FeSi₂/4H-SiC detector, which consists of a p-type β-FeSi₂ absorption layer with a doping concentration of 1×10¹⁵ cm^-3 and a thickness of 2.5 μm, has a peak of 755 mA/W at 1.42 μm. The illumination of the SiC side obtains a higher responsivity than that of the β-FeSi₂ side. The results illustrate that the β-FeSi₂/4H-SiC heterojunction can be used as a near-infrared photodetector compatible with near-infrared optically-activated SiC-based power switching devices.     

FeVO_4电子结构的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法研究了三斜结构FeVO_4的结构,基态的能带结构、总态密度和分波态密度.将FeVO_4非共线的螺旋磁结构简化为六种不同的反铁磁结构,通过比较不同自旋构型的总能确定了基态磁结构.能带计算和总态密度结果均显示FeVO_4是能隙为2.19 e V的半导体,与实验结果相符.考虑Fe原子的在位库仑能,FeVO_4的能带结构和态密度都发生变化,说明FeVO_4晶体是一个典型的强关联电子体系.