含糖基水溶性紫外吸收剂的合成与表征

以三聚氯氰(TCT)、2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮(UV-0)、双丙酮葡萄糖为原料,经三步反应合成一种具有反应性基团的水溶性紫外吸收剂3-(2-(2-羟基苯基苯甲酮-4-氧基)-4-氯-1,3,5-三嗪-6-氧基)-1,2-异丙叉-α-D-葡萄糖(UV-DTM),产物的结构经IR、NMR和MS表征。探讨了每一步反应的条件对反应产率的影响。合成3-(4,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪-2-氧基)-1,2,5,6-双异丙叉-α-D-葡萄糖(DTDT)的优化反应条件为:n(三聚氯氰)∶n(双丙酮葡萄糖)∶n(Na OH)=0.9∶1∶1.7,在丙酮和水的混合体系中0℃下反应8h,产率73%。合成3-(2-(2-羟基苯基苯甲酮-4-氧基)-4-氯-1,3,5-三嗪-6-氧基)-1,2,5,6双异丙叉-α-D-葡萄糖(UV-DT)的优化条件为:n(DTDT)∶n(UV-0)∶n(Na OH)=1∶1.1∶1,在丙酮和水的混合体系中30℃下反应2h,产率74%。合成UV-DTM的优化条件为:每1mmol UV-DT与0.5m L盐酸(36%)在THF体系中25℃下反应5h,产率74%。UV-DTM的紫外吸收性能在240~400 nm内表现良好,水溶性得到大幅改善。     

量子材料GaTa4Se8的基态研究

量子材料GaTa₄Se₈(GTS)不仅展现出绝缘体到金属相变、J_eff量子态以及拓扑超导等多种有趣的物理性质,而且还是电阻开关和存储介质材料,一直以来备受关注。当前科学家们对其绝缘基态的结构仍存在争议,基态结构的不确定阻碍了对其各种物理性质的深入理解。GaTa₄Se₈的绝缘基态长期被认为具有立方对称结构(空间群F43m),其电子能隙是由自旋轨道耦合效应和电子关联共同作用形成的Mott型能隙。最近第一性原理计算表明,立方结构的声子谱存在虚频而不稳定,并预测立方对称存在结构畸变会形成更稳定的三方结构(R3m)或四方结构(F43₁m)。为此,本研究通过压力调节该材料的电子能隙,结合Raman光谱、X射线衍射、电阻测量等多种实验表征手段,对比实验得到的数据与第一性原理计算结果,进一步探索GaTa₄Se₈的基态结构。研究表明三方对称结构(R3m)更符合实验观察结果。     

低共熔溶剂催化有机合成反应的研究进展

低共熔溶剂(DESs)是一种新型的离子液体(ILs)类似物,与传统有机溶剂、离子液体相比,DESs具有低毒、廉价、易于合成、生物可降解性等特点,因此在众多领域广受关注。近年来DESs在有机合成领域备受关注,被广泛用作合成反应的溶剂、催化剂、反应物等,在有机反应方面存在很大发展空间,本文综述了DESs在有机合成反应中的应用,重点讨论其在氧化还原反应、取代反应、缩合反应、环化反应等方面的研究进展,为其开发应用提供新思路。     

Robust Magnetism Against Pressure in Non-Superconducting Samples Prepared from Lutetium Foil and H2/N2 Gas Mixture

We report the observation of a magnetic transition at the temperature about 56 K, through the high-pressure heat capacity and magnetic susceptibility measurements on the samples that have been claimed to be a nearroom-temperature superconductor [Dasenbrock-Gammon et al. Nature 615, 244(2023)]. Our results show that this magnetic phase is robust against pressure up to 4.3 GPa, which covers the critical pressure of boosting the claimed superconductivity.     

Speedup of self-propelled helical swimmers in a long cylindrical pipe

Pipe-like confinements are ubiquitously encountered by microswimmers.Here we systematically study the ratio of the speeds of a force-and torque-free microswimmer swimming in the center of a cylindrical pipe to its speed in an unbounded fluid(speed ratio).Inspired by E.coli,the model swimmer consists of a cylindrical head and a double-helical tail connected to the head by a rotating virtual motor.The numerical simulation shows that depending on swimmer geometry,confinements can enhance or hinder the swimming speed,which is verified by Reynolds number matched experiments.We further developed a reduced model.The model shows that the swimmer with a moderately long,slender head and a moderately long tail experiences the greatest speed enhancement,whereas the theoretical speed ratio has no upper limit.The properties of the virtual motor also affect the speed ratio,namely,the constant-frequency motor generates a greater speed ratio compared to the constant-torque motor.