钙钛矿型催化活性材料结构与性能的研究——Ⅲ.(La_(1-x)□_x)(Co_(1-y)□_y)O_(3-δ)体系

应用多晶X射线衍射法及Pauling键价理论,研究了Perovskite型化合物La-Co-o体系的结构非完整性,并与其完全氧化催化活性相关联。该体系的结构式为:{La_1-x□x}-{[Co_(1-y)~(2+)Co_y~(3+)]_(1-v)□_v}_(1/2){[CO_(1-z)~(3+)Co_z~(4+)]_(1-w)□_w}_(1/2){O_(3-δ)□_δ}。结构中A位、B位和O位均存在空位。适当的空位可使B位钴的平均原子价高于+3,此时钴原子产生歧化作用,位于晶胞中(000)和(1/2 1/2 1/2)两个位置上的钴的平均原子价不相等。它们的差值越大,完全氧化催化活性越高。     

超导相YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-d)的制备与结构研究

本文按计量式Y_(0.334)Ba_(0.666)CuO_(3-y)制备和得到了题目超导物相的样品。实验中使用柠檬酸为复合剂显著改善了金属氧化物的分散性和超导物相的均匀性。我们发现制备所得样品中,偏离四方晶格愈甚者,其超导性能愈佳。由X射线粉晶衍射数据测定了晶体结构,确认了金属离子的化学计量比和给出了氧原子的位置。正交或假四方晶胞的晶胞参数为a=3.893,b=3.813和c=11.867。晶胞由铜原子占据顶点位置的三个钙钛矿型立方体所组成,二个钡原子居于上层和底层的两个体心位置,而钇原子则占据居中立方体的体心位置。氧原子均占据诸立方体的稜心位置,但001/2处为空位,而01/20处的空位则导致晶格对称性由四方畸变为正交,这一畸变对超导相有深远的影响。钇和钡原子的配位多面体系由立方-八面体所派生的八配位和十配位的多面体,两者分别与移去晶胞中001/2和01/20处的氧原子后的氧多面体相对应。根据键价理论,以Y—O,Ba—O和Cu—O键长为基础,我们合理地论述了,即使在001/2及01/20处氧缺位的情况下,1/200处氧原子的占有率亦将低于1,与晶胞对应的该物相化学式为YBa_2Cu_bO_(7-d),0.2相似文献   

嵌入Y型分子筛中钯簇合成与结构的研究

Pd clusters encaged in Y-zeolite (Pd0Y) have been prepared by means of exchanging zeolite HY with [Pd(NH3)4]2+ under microwave radiation. The product formed was deaminized by heating, washed sufficiently with de-ionized water and reduced with hydrogen. The crystal phase diffraction of Pd was not found in the XRD spectrogram of Pd0y. According to polycrystal X-ray diffraction data. Radial Electron Distribution Function (REDF) of Pd0Y was calculated to elucidate the structure of Pd cluster. The results show that the Pd clusters are of the Al type closely packed arrangement. The dimension of them is about 12 Å. They are encaged in the supercage of zeolite Y. Their occupancy on the supercage is as small as 0.06 so that the framework structure of zeolite Y is unchanged. Therefore, the high dispersing Pd cluster aggregating in supercage exhibit strong catalytic effect. The CO-conversion of Pd0Y with Pd 0.72% and 6.13% (in mass fraction) is 67 % and 100 % (in volume fraction) respectively. Evaluation conditions:
mixed gas containing 0.02% CO and air,
space velocity 3000 h-1,
reaction temperature 0 ℃.     

高价离子掺杂对Bi系成相和结构的影响(II)

In our previous work we have found that the 2223 phase is formed more rapidly and the structural stability can be enhanced by doping high valence cation(Sn~(4+)、Sb~(5+)、V~(5+)、W~(6+)、Mo~(6+) etc.) in the Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO system. In this paper the effects of high valence cations doped on the phase formation and the crystal structure are discussed further.The Aurivillus building and rocksalt building unit coexist in the Bi double layers. The structural variety strongly affects the structural stability. Owing to Pb~(2+) addition the probability of Aurivillus building is increased, the stability of 2223 phase can be promoted. However, the structure is still not stable, since the addition of Pb~(2+) has decreased the valence state of Bi site and the oxygen positions are not fully occupied. By doping high valence cation, especially, when the valence of Pb_x~(2+)M_y~(n+) equals to +3 the structure of the 2223 phase can be stabilized. This result has been observed with examining elemental content of 2223 phase.The melting point of the grain boundaries are much lower after doping high valence cations, therefore the ion diffusion is more rapid and acceleration of the 2223 phase formation is observed.     

超导相Tl2Ba2CuO6的制备和晶体结构研究

The superconducting phase Tl_2Ba_2CuO_6 with onset T_C 85 K and zero resistivity at 61 K has been prepared. The unit cell is body-centred tetragonal, space group I_4/mmm, lattice parametrs a=0.3866(1) nm, c=2.3180(3) nm. The relation between structural features and its superconductivity was discussed.     

超导相(Bi1.7Pb0.2In0.1)Sr2Ca2Cu3O10的制备和晶体结构研究

The superconducting phase(Bi_(1.7)Pb_(0.2)In_(0.1))Sr_2Ca_2Cu_3O_(10) with on-set T_c near 112K and zero resistivity at 95K has been prepared. The Unit cell is. body-centered tetragonal, space group I4/mmm, a=0.3.817(1) nm, c=3.704(1) nm. Chemical substitution of Pb and In in Bi—Sr—Ca—Cu—O series results in the growth of 2223 phase. The superconductivity and the formation mechanism are associated with the structural features.     

钙钛石型复合氧化物La_(1-x)Sr_xFeO_(3-λ)催化性能的研究——Ⅰ.固体结构以及缺陷性质与催化性能的关系

本文根据X光结构分析,发现La_(1-x)Sr_xFeO_(3-λ)当x自0变化至1时,样品晶格中均存在氧的无序缺陷,随着Sr~(2+)的掺入,样品晶格发生畸变,进而有晶型上的变化。TG研究表明,x>0.5的样品在高温下有大量晶格氧逸出。对于La_(1-x)(Ca,Sr)_xMO_(3±λ)(M=Mn,Fe,Co)三个体系的实验结果进行对比后认为,固体缺陷的产生受几何因素的影响,催化剂的活性与氧缺陷浓度及有序化程度有关。     

杂原子分子筛(Ⅱ)——B-Si Pentasil型沸石分子筛晶体结构的研究

应用多晶X射线衍射法测定了B-Si Pentasil型沸石分子筛的晶体结构并经Rietveld法修正.其晶胞参数为:α=19.983(1)A;b=19.973(1)A;c=13.303(1)A.空间群为D_(2h)/~(16)-P_(nma). 晶体的骨架结构与所报导的Si-A1ZSM-5相似.结构测定的结果表明:硼原子进入了沸石分子筛的骨架.     

CO2对Cu-Ce-O催化剂催化氧化CO活性的影响

用CO作为探针研究CeO。的表面性质,以及研究CO和CO。与CeO。的相互作用,已有不少报导［‘－’1．Br。ysse等人发现CO在CeO。上的吸附,总伴随着催化剂的还原和COZ的生成;CO。在CeO。上的吸附不总是可逆的,CO。的存在会降低其对CO的催化氧化活性,对反应有抑制的影响,甚至会使表面中毒问．也有报导在CO或COZ气氛下,有证据表明CeO。有不利干活性的碳酸盐物种形成;反应中生成的C（）。也可能吸附在表面上形成稳定的碳酸盐,从而抑制反应的继续进行k‘］．＊0。对O;－O－（）催化剂在催化氧化以）中的影响报导比较少问．…