锡苯和铅苯二聚反应的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法,研究了锡苯和铅苯的[2+2],[4+2]及[4+4]二聚反应的微观机理和势能剖面,考察了Sn(Pb)原子上的2,4,6-三甲基苯基(Mes)取代基对反应势能剖面的影响.研究结果表明,所有反应均为协同过程,且大多数情况下,2个C—Sn(Pb)键同步形成.[2+2]和[4+2]反应在热力学和动力学上均比相应的[4+4]反应容易进行,而[4+2]反应在动力学上比相应的[2+2]反应有利.Sn(Pb)原子上的Mes取代基在热力学和动力学上均不利于反应的进行.铅苯的动力学稳定性与锡苯相当,但其热力学稳定性高于锡苯.     

硅杂苯与亲二烯体的Diels-Alder反应

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)在B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)水平上研究了硅杂苯与一些亲二烯体的两类可能的Diels-Alder反应的微观机理、势能剖面、取代基效应和溶剂化效应. 计算结果表明, 所研究反应均以协同的方式进行. 亲二烯体分子碳原子上的苯基取代基对两个新键形成的非同步性和反应的活化能垒的影响取决于苯基在产物中的相对位置, 而硅杂苯分子中硅原子上的CCl3取代基有利于杂Diels-Alder反应的进行. 形成一个C—Si键的杂Diels-Alder反应在热力学和动力学上均远比相应的全碳Diels-Alder反应容易进行, 实验观察到的杂Diels-Alder反应中的区域选择性由动力学因素所控制. 硅杂苯与烯烃的反应比与相应炔烃的反应在动力学上容易进行一些, 但在热力学上后者远比前者容易进行. 苯溶剂对所研究反应的势能剖面影响较小.     

2-硅萘与甲醛及二苯甲酮环加成反应的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法在B3LYP/6-311G**水平研究了2-硅萘与甲醛和二苯甲酮的[2+2]和[4+2]杂环加成反应的微观机理、势能剖面,考察取代基和苯溶剂对反应势能剖面的影响.计算结果表明,所研究反应均以协同但非同步的方式进行.羰基C原子上的苯取代基不利于反应的进行,而2-硅萘分子中Si原子上的C(CH3)3,CCl3及NH2取代基均有利于反应的进行.苯溶剂对所研究反应的势能剖面影响不大.[2+2]反应比相应的[4+2]反应容易进行,此结果与实验一致.     

Computational Study on OH Addition Reactions of Three Sulfonamides in Aqueous Solution

OH addition reactions of cationic,neutral and anionic forms of three sulfonamides(sulfamethoxazole,sulfadiazine and sulfapyridine)in aqueous solution were theoretically studied using density functional theory(DFT)method at the M06-2X/6-311+G(3df,2p)level.Transition state theory was applied to estimate the secondary rate constants for these elementary reactions.The obtained results indicate that OH addition reactions of sulfonamides can take place spontaneously at standard conditions.The anionic form of three sulfonamides has the highest addition activity,while the corresponding cationic form is the most inactive addition reagent.The benzene ring of neutral forms of three sulfonamides is always a more favorable site for OH radical addition than the oxazole,pyrimidine or pyridine ring.C(3)or(and)C(5)atoms of benzene ring are the most favorable positions for OH addition occurring in benzene ring.Although the water solvent has no remarkable effect on OH addition reactions of neutral sulfonamides,it exerts a significant adverse influence on OH addition reactions of ionic sulfonamides.     

2-硅萘与2,3-二甲基丁二烯的杂Diels-Alder反应的理论研究

采用密度泛函B3LYP/6-311G**方法研究了2-硅萘作为亲二烯体与2,3-二甲基丁二烯的杂Diels-Alder反应的微观机理、势能剖面、取代基效应及溶剂效应,并与硅苯参与的类似反应进行了比较.计算结果表明,所研究反应均以协同非同步的方式进行,且C-Si键总是先于C-C键形成.发生在C1-Si2位上的反应中两个新...     

多氯代菲分子结构和热力学性质的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论方法在B3LYP/6-311G(d, p)水平上对527个多氯代菲分子的几何结构进行了全优化并计算得到它们的热力学性质(等容热容( )、熵(S$)、标准生成焓(ΔfH$)和标准生成Gibbs自由能(ΔfG$)), 研究了这些性质与取代的氯原子数目和位置的关系, 根据各异构体的相对标准生成Gibbs自由能(Δr,fG$)的大小, 得到它们的热力学稳定性顺序. 计算结果表明: 绝大多数多氯代菲分子具有非平面的几何构型, 在多氯代菲分子中存在三种类型的分子内弱相互作用(H…H、C—H…Cl和Cl…Cl相互作用), 随着分子中取代的氯原子数目的增加, 多氯代菲最稳定异构体的ΔfH$和ΔfG$开始时逐渐减小, 然后又快速增加. 具有相同数目氯原子的多氯代菲异构体的ΔfH$和ΔfG$与氯原子的取代位置有很大的关系. 多氯代菲异构体的相对热力学稳定性主要由分子内的离域π键和Cl…Cl核排斥作用的强弱决定.     

Theoretical Studies on the Molecular Structures and Thermodynamic Properties of Polychlorinated Fluorenes

Geometric structures of 135 polychlorinated fluorene (PCFR) molecules were optimized using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-311G** level and their thermodynamic properties in the ideal gas state were calculated. The relations of these thermodynamic properties with the number and position of chlorine atoms were also explored, from which the relative stability of PCFR congeners was theoretically proposed according to the magnitude of the relative standard Gibbs free energy of formation (Δr,fGθ). The results show that the geometric configuration of PCFR isomers is determined by the position of chlorine atoms. There exist two types of intramolecular weak interactions, i.e., C-H···Cl and Cl···Cl interactions in PCFR molecules. The change of ΔfHθ and ΔfGθ of most stable PCFR isomers with increasing the number of chlorine atoms is different from that in most unstable PCFR congeners. The values of ΔfHθ and ΔfGθ for PCFR isomers with the same number of chlorine atoms strongly depend on the position of chlorine atoms and the relative stability of PCFR congeners is mainly determined by intramolecular delocalized π bond and Cl···Cl nuclear repulsive interaction.     

锗苯与亲二烯体的Diels-Alder反应的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论方法在B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)水平上研究了锗苯与一些亲二烯体的Diels-Alder反应的微观机理和势能剖面,考察了取代基和苯溶剂对反应势能剖面的影响,探讨了杂Diels-Alder反应中区域选择性的起源.计算结果表明,所研究反应均以协同的方式进行.亲二烯体分子碳原子上的苯基取代基对杂Diels-Alder反应中2个新键形成的非同步性和活化能垒的影响与最终产物中苯基和锗原子间的相对位置有关,锗苯分子中锗原子上的CCl3取代基在热力学和动力学上均有利于反应的进行.苯溶剂对所研究反应的势能剖面影响较小.实验观察到的杂Diels-Alder反应的区域选择性由动力学因素所控制.     

Influence of Molecular Structure on the Dimerization Reactivity of Germaaromatic Compounds： a Theoretical Study

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, at the B3LYP/6-311G** level of theory, were performed to study the reaction mechanism and potential energy surface of the [2 + 2], [4 + 2] and [4 + 4] dimerization reactions of some germaaromatic compounds. The influence of reactant's molecular structure and benzene solvent on the potential energy surface of the studied reactions was investigated. Our calculation results show that [2 + 2] and [4 + 4] reactions are concerted and synchronous processes; while [4 + 2] reactions proceed via a concerted but asynchronous way in general. [2 + 2] and [4 + 2] reactions of germabenzenes and 1-germana- phthalene proceed much more easily than the corresponding [4 + 4] reaction, both thermo- dynamically and kinetically; while most [4 + 2] paths have lower activation barrier than the corres- ponding [2 + 2] ones. As the number of six-membered aromatic rings in reactant molecules becomes larger, [2 + 2], [4 + 2] and [4 + 4] reactions become easier to proceed. The influence of substituents at the Ge atom of germabenzenes on the potential energy surface of [2 + 2] and [4 + 2] reactions correlates with their electronic properties and volume. Solvent effect is not crucial for the potential energy surfaces of the studied reactions.     

多溴二苯并呋喃的热力学性质和稳定性的密度泛函理论研究

在B3LYP/6-31G*水平上对二苯并呋喃和135个多溴二苯并呋喃系列化合物(PBDF)进行了全优化计算和振动分析, 得到各分子的总能量(E_T)、焓(H⁰)、熵(S⁰)、自由能(G⁰)和恒容热容(C_V⁰), 研究了这些参数与溴原子的取代数目及取代位置的关系. 溴原子置换在不同位置时, 使E_T, H⁰和G⁰数值增加大小次序为: 1(9)＞3(7)＞2(8)＞4(6), 即置换在1(9)位最不稳定; 两个溴原子处在同一苯环时, E_T, H⁰和G⁰数值也都增加, 增加的顺序为: 邻>>间＞对, 即相互处于邻位最不稳定. 而且有两个溴原子同时取代在1和9位时, 使H⁰和G⁰的数值的增加比取代在邻位、间位和对位时的增加值都大. 每增加1个溴原子, S⁰增大约40.1 J•mol^－1•K^－1, C_V⁰增大约16.3 J•mol^－1•K^－1. 同时, 设计等键反应, 计算了各异构体的标准生成热(H_f⁰)和标准生成自由能(G_f⁰). 根据异构体自由能的相对大小, 从理论上求得异构体的相对稳定性顺序, 各异构体组中的稳定性顺序与PCDF系列的稳定性顺序基本一致.